The Metal Alloy Encyclopedia

Stainless Steel

Alloy Steel

Stainless Steel

Aluminum Alloy

Stainless Steel

Alloy Steel

Stainless Steel

Alloy Steel

Steel

Steel alloyed with elements like chromium, molybdenum, or vanadium to enhance strength, hardness, or toughness beyond plain carbon steel.

Aluminum Alloy

Aluminum

Aluminum combined with copper, magnesium, silicon, or zinc to improve strength and machinability while retaining low density.

Bearing Steel

Steel

High-carbon, high-chromium steel engineered for extreme hardness, wear resistance, and fatigue life in rolling-element bearings.

Carbon Steel

Steel

Iron-carbon alloy where carbon content (0.05–2.1%) primarily determines hardness and tensile strength. The most widely produced steel type.

Copper Alloy

Copper

Copper combined with tin (bronze), zinc (brass), or other elements to improve corrosion resistance, conductivity, or machinability.

High-Entropy Alloy (MPEA)

Other

Multi-principal element alloys with 5+ elements in near-equiatomic ratios.

Nickel Alloy

Nickel

Nickel-based alloys known for exceptional heat and corrosion resistance, widely used in aerospace turbines and chemical processing.

Spring Steel

Steel

Medium-to-high carbon steel with high yield strength, allowing it to flex repeatedly under load and return to its original shape.

Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel

Iron-carbon alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium, which forms a passive oxide layer that resists corrosion and staining.

Structural Steel

Steel

Carbon-manganese steel produced in standard shapes (I-beam, angle, channel) for load-bearing construction and infrastructure applications.

Alloys used in fuselage frames, wing skins, and primary structural members of commercial and military aircraft. These components demand exceptional strength-to-weight ratios and fatigue resistance to withstand repeated pressurization cycles.

High-temperature alloys for turbine blades, compressor discs, and combustion chambers in gas turbine engines. Materials must maintain mechanical integrity at temperatures exceeding 1,000°C while resisting oxidation and creep.

High-strength bolts, rivets, and fittings used to join aircraft structures. Aerospace fasteners must meet strict specifications for shear strength, fatigue life, and corrosion resistance in demanding service environments.

Sheet metal alloys formed into hoods, doors, fenders, and structural panels for passenger vehicles. Modern body panels balance formability, dent resistance, and weight reduction to improve fuel efficiency and crash performance.

Alloys for engine blocks, crankshafts, camshafts, and transmission gears. These components operate under high stress, elevated temperatures, and cyclic loading, requiring excellent wear resistance and dimensional stability.

Heat-resistant alloys for exhaust manifolds, catalytic converter housings, and mufflers. These parts endure cyclic thermal stress up to 900°C and exposure to corrosive exhaust gases containing sulfur and nitrogen compounds.

Alloys rolled into beams, columns, and load-bearing frameworks for buildings and bridges. Structural steel must meet minimum yield strength requirements while maintaining ductility for seismic resistance and ease of fabrication.

Steel bars embedded in concrete to provide tensile reinforcement in buildings, bridges, and infrastructure. Rebar alloys are specified by grade for yield strength and must bond effectively with surrounding concrete.

Alloy sheets and panels used as facade cladding, curtain walls, and decorative building elements. Architectural alloys combine aesthetic finish quality with long-term weathering resistance and low maintenance requirements.

Corrosion-resistant alloys for hull structures, deck plating, and superstructure of ships and boats. Marine hull materials must resist saltwater corrosion, biofouling, and the mechanical stresses of wave impact over decades of service.

Alloys cast or forged into propellers, shafts, and underwater fittings for marine vessels. Propeller alloys must resist cavitation erosion, seawater corrosion, and fatigue from continuous rotational loading in harsh marine environments.

Heavy-duty alloys for oil rig structures, subsea pipelines, and platform supports in offshore energy extraction. These materials face combined challenges of saltwater immersion, high pressures, sour gas exposure, and cathodic protection compatibility.

Input your requirements — strength, corrosion resistance, weight, and application — to get recommended alloys.

Compare two alloys side by side — mechanical properties, ratings, composition, and best use cases.

Check if an alloy is weldable and get carbon equivalent (CE) analysis for steel grades.

Find alloys that resist specific corrosive environments — saltwater, acids, high temperature oxidation, and more.

Convert between Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC/HRB), Vickers (HV), and approximate tensile strength using ASTM E140.

Calculate engineering and true stress-strain from force, area, and elongation measurements.

Calculate dimensional change due to temperature. Input length, CTE, and temperature change.

Calculate maximum deflection for simply supported and cantilever beams with common load cases.

Estimate fatigue life (cycles to failure) using Basquin's equation from stress amplitude and material constants.

Calculate the weight of metal shapes — plate, round bar, tube, square bar, and hex bar — from dimensions and density.

Calculate carbon equivalent (CE) for steel weldability assessment using IIW and Pcm formulas.

Calculate specific strength (strength-to-weight ratio) for material comparison in weight-critical applications.

Calculate recommended tightening torque for bolts based on size, grade, and lubrication condition.

Convert common engineering units: MPa to ksi, mm to inches, g/cm³ to lb/in³, and more.

Convert temperatures between °C, °F, K, and °R with color reference for steel heat treatment.

Convert density between g/cm³, kg/m³, lb/in³, and lb/ft³ for material specifications.

Look up a steel grade designation to find its properties, equivalent grades in other standards, and common uses.

Find the correct drill bit size for tapping metric and imperial threads. Includes tap drill and clearance hole sizes.

Analyze an alloy's chemical composition. See element breakdown, identify the alloy family, and compare to specifications.

Get heat treatment parameters for common steel grades — annealing, normalizing, quenching, and tempering temperatures.