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Database Management System (DBMS)

文件系统存储数据的缺点

抽象层级

物理层(Physical level)

逻辑层(Logical level)

  type instructor = record{
     ID : string
     name : string
     dept_name : string
     salary : int;
  }

视图层(View level)

应用程序隐藏数据类型的详细信息。 出于安全目的,视图还可以隐藏信息(例如员工的工资)。

视图层
视图层

Instances and Schemas

类似于编程语言中的类型和变量

Data Models

数据操作语言(Data Manipulation Language, DML)

SQL

例:查找 ID 为 22222 的讲师姓名

select name
from instructor
where instructor.ID = '22222

应用程序通常通过以下方式之一访问数据库:

  1. 允许嵌入 SQL 的语言扩展 应用程序接口(例如 ODBC/JDBC)
  2. 允许将 SQL 查询发送到数据库

将在第 3、4、5 章做详细介绍

Data Definition Language (DDL)

用于定义数据库模式的规范符号

例如:

create table instructor (
ID             char(5),
name           varchar(20),
dept_name      varchar(20),
salary         numeric(8,2))

数据库设计

实体关系图
实体关系图

Storage Management

Query Processing

  1. SQL 翻译
  2. 优化
  3. 执行
Query Processing
Query Processing

Transaction Management

数据库用户和管理员

数据库用户和管理员
数据库用户和管理员

数据库内部一览

数据库内部一览
数据库内部一览

数据库架构

数据库系统的架构很大程度上取决于运行数据库的操作系统的架构

Alt text
Alt text
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Database Management System (DBMS)

\\n\\n

文件系统存储数据的缺点

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