(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[1524],{1932:function(t,s,a){"use strict";a.r(s);var n=a(31),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t.$createElement,a=t._self._c||s;return a("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[a("h1",{attrs:{id:"basic-control-structures"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#basic-control-structures"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Basic Control Structures")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"do-while-loop"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#do-while-loop"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" do...while Loop")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("do...while")]),t._v(" loop differs from other loops in that it is guaranteed to execute "),a("strong",[t._v("at least once")]),t._v('.   It is also called the "post-test loop" structure because the conditional statement is performed after the main loop body.')]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("do")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("++")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("while")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("100")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Condition gets checked AFTER the content of the loop executes.")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("In this example, the loop will run until the number "),a("code",[t._v("100")]),t._v(" is printed (even though the condition is "),a("code",[t._v("i < 100")]),t._v(" and not "),a("code",[t._v("i <= 100")]),t._v("), because the loop condition is evaluated "),a("strong",[t._v("after")]),t._v(" the loop executes.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("With the guarantee of at least one execution, it is possible to declare variables outside of the loop and initialize them inside.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),t._v(" theWord"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Scanner")]),t._v(" scan "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("new")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Scanner")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("in"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("do")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    theWord "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" scan"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("nextLine")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("while")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("!")]),t._v("theWord"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("equals")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Bird"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("theWord"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("In this context, "),a("code",[t._v("theWord")]),t._v(" is defined outside of the loop, but since it's guaranteed to have a value based on its natural flow, "),a("code",[t._v("theWord")]),t._v(" will be initialized.")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"for-each"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#for-each"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" For Each")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("With Java 5 and up, one can use for-each loops, also known as enhanced for-loops:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("List")]),t._v(" strings "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("new")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("ArrayList")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        \nstrings"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("add")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"This"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\nstrings"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("add")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"is"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\nstrings"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("add")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"a for-each loop"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        \n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token generics"}},[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("b"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(">")])]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),t._v(" string "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" strings"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("string"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),t._v("b"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v("\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("For each loops can be used to iterate over "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"http://stackoverflow.com/documentation/java/99/arrays#t=201601170604583604413",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Arrays"),a("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" and implementations of the "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Iterable.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[a("code",[t._v("Iterable")]),a("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" interface, the later includes "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"http://stackoverflow.com/documentation/java/90/collections#t=201601170605254314553",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Collections"),a("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" classes, such as "),a("code",[t._v("List")]),t._v(" or "),a("code",[t._v("Set")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The loop variable can be of any type that is assignable from the source type.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The loop variable for a enhanced for loop for "),a("code",[t._v("Iterable<T>")]),t._v(" or "),a("code",[t._v("T[]")]),t._v(" can be of type "),a("code",[t._v("S")]),t._v(", if")]),t._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[a("code",[t._v("T extends S")])]),t._v(" "),a("li",[t._v("both "),a("code",[t._v("T")]),t._v(" and "),a("code",[t._v("S")]),t._v(" are primitive types and assignable without a cast")]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("S")]),t._v(" is a primitive type and "),a("code",[t._v("T")]),t._v(" can be converted to a type assignable to "),a("code",[t._v("S")]),t._v(" after unboxing conversion.")]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("T")]),t._v(" is a primitive type and can be converted to "),a("code",[t._v("S")]),t._v(" by autoboxing conversion.")])]),t._v(" "),a("p",[a("strong",[t._v("Examples:")])]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("T")]),t._v(" elements "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("S")]),t._v(" s "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" elements"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("table",[a("thead",[a("tr",[a("th",[t._v("T")]),t._v(" "),a("th",[t._v("S")]),t._v(" "),a("th",[t._v("Compiles")])])]),t._v(" "),a("tbody",[a("tr",[a("td",[t._v("int[]")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("long")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("yes")])]),t._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",[t._v("long[]")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("int")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("no")])]),t._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",[a("code",[t._v("Iterable<Byte>")])]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("long")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("yes")])]),t._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",[a("code",[t._v("Iterable<String>")])]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("CharSequence")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("yes")])]),t._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",[a("code",[t._v("Iterable<CharSequence>")])]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("String")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("no")])]),t._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",[t._v("int[]")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("Long")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("no")])]),t._v(" "),a("tr",[a("td",[t._v("int[]")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("Integer")]),t._v(" "),a("td",[t._v("yes")])])])]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"switch-statement"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#switch-statement"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Switch statement")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("switch")]),t._v(" statement is Java's multi-way branch statement. It is used to take the place of long "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v("-"),a("code",[t._v("else if")]),t._v("-"),a("code",[t._v("else")]),t._v(" chains, and make them more readable.  However, unlike "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v(" statements, one may not use inequalities; each value must be concretely defined.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("There are three critical components to the "),a("code",[t._v("switch")]),t._v(" statement:")]),t._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[a("code",[t._v("case")]),t._v(": This is the value that is evaluated for equivalence with the argument to the "),a("code",[t._v("switch")]),t._v(" statement.")]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("default")]),t._v(":  This is an optional, catch-all expression, should none of the "),a("code",[t._v("case")]),t._v(" statements evaluate to "),a("code",[t._v("true")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("li",[t._v("Abrupt completion of the "),a("code",[t._v("case")]),t._v(" statement; usually "),a("code",[t._v("break")]),t._v(":  This is required to prevent the undesired evaluation of further "),a("code",[t._v("case")]),t._v(" statements.")])]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("With the exception of "),a("code",[t._v("continue")]),t._v(", it is possible to use any statement which would cause the "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-14.html#jls-14.1",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("abrupt completion of a statement"),a("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".  This includes:")]),t._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[a("code",[t._v("break")])]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("return")])]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("throw")])])]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("In the example below, a typical "),a("code",[t._v("switch")]),t._v(" statement is written with four possible cases, including "),a("code",[t._v("default")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Scanner")]),t._v(" scan "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("new")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Scanner")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("in"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" scan"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("nextInt")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("switch")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is zero"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is one"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is two"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("default")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is less than zero or greater than two"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("By omitting "),a("code",[t._v("break")]),t._v(' or any statement which would an abrupt completion, we can leverage what are known as "fall-through" cases, which evaluate against several values.  This can be used to create ranges for a value to be successful against, but is still not as flexible as inequalities.')]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Scanner")]),t._v(" scan "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("new")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Scanner")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("in"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" foo "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" scan"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("nextInt")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("switch")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("foo"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"I\'m equal or greater than one"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("    \n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"I\'m one, two, or three"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("default")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"I\'m not either one, two, or three"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("In case of "),a("code",[t._v("foo == 1")]),t._v(" the output will be:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("I")]),t._v("'m equal or greater than one\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("I")]),t._v("'m one"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" two"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" or three\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("In case of "),a("code",[t._v("foo == 3")]),t._v(" the output will be:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("I")]),t._v("'m one"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" two"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" or three\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("The switch statement can also be used with "),a("code",[t._v("enum")]),t._v("s.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("enum")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Option")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    BLUE_PILL"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n    RED_PILL\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("public")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("void")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("takeOne")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Option")]),t._v(" option"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("switch")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("option"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" BLUE_PILL"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Story ends, wake up, believe whatever you want."')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" RED_PILL"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes."')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n            \n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("switch")]),t._v(" statement can also be used with "),a("code",[t._v("String")]),t._v("s.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("public")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("void")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("rhymingGame")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),t._v(" phrase"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("switch")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("phrase"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"apples and pears"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Stairs"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("case")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"lorry"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"truck"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("default")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Don\'t know any more"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"continue-statement-in-java"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#continue-statement-in-java"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Continue Statement in Java")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The continue statement is used to skip the remaining steps in the current iteration\nand start with the next loop iteration. The control goes from the "),a("code",[t._v("continue")]),t._v(" statement to the step value (increment or decrement), if any.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" programmers "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Adrian"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Paul"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"John"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Harry"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("//john is not printed out")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),t._v(" name "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" programmers"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("name"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("equals")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"John"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("continue")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("name"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("continue")]),t._v(" statement can also make the control of the program shift to the step value (if any) of a named loop:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Outer")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// The name of the outermost loop is kept here as 'Outer'")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("5")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" j "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" j "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("5")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" j"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("++")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("continue")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Outer")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"if-else-if-else-control"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#if-else-if-else-control"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" If / Else If / Else Control")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n  "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is less than 2"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("else")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n  "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is more than 2"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("else")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n  "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is not less than 2, and not more than 2"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v(" block will only run when "),a("code",[t._v("i")]),t._v(" is 1 or less.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("else if")]),t._v(" condition is checked only if all the conditions before it (in previous "),a("code",[t._v("else if")]),t._v(" constructs, and the parent "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v(" constructs) have been tested to "),a("code",[t._v("false")]),t._v(". In this example, the "),a("code",[t._v("else if")]),t._v(" condition will only be checked if "),a("code",[t._v("i")]),t._v(" is greater than or equal to 2.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("If its result is "),a("code",[t._v("true")]),t._v(", its block is run, and any "),a("code",[t._v("else if")]),t._v(" and "),a("code",[t._v("else")]),t._v(" constructs after it will be skipped.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("If none of the "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v(" and "),a("code",[t._v("else if")]),t._v(" conditions have been tested to "),a("code",[t._v("true")]),t._v(", the "),a("code",[t._v("else")]),t._v(" block at the end will be run.")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"for-loops"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#for-loops"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" For Loops")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("100")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("++")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("The three components of the "),a("code",[t._v("for")]),t._v(" loop (separated by "),a("code",[t._v(";")]),t._v(") are variable declaration/initialization (here "),a("code",[t._v("int i = 0")]),t._v("), the condition (here "),a("code",[t._v("i < 100")]),t._v("), and the increment statement (here "),a("code",[t._v("i++")]),t._v("). The variable declaration is done once as if placed just inside the "),a("code",[t._v("{")]),t._v(" on the first run. Then the condition is checked, if it is "),a("code",[t._v("true")]),t._v(" the body of the loop will execute, if it is "),a("code",[t._v("false")]),t._v(" the loop will stop. Assuming the loop continues, the body will execute and finally when the "),a("code",[t._v("}")]),t._v(" is reached the increment statement will execute just before the condition is checked again.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The curly braces are optional (you can one line with a semicolon) if the loop contains just one statement. But, it's always recommended to use braces to avoid misunderstandings and bugs.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("for")]),t._v(" loop components are optional. If your business logic contains one of these parts, you can omit the corresponding component from your "),a("code",[t._v("for")]),t._v(" loop.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" obj"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getLastestValue")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// i value is fetched from a method")]),t._v("\n    \n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("100")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("++")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// here initialization is not done")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("for (;;) { function-body }")]),t._v(" structure is equal to a "),a("code",[t._v("while (true)")]),t._v(" loop.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[t._v("Nested For Loops")])]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Any looping statement having another loop statement inside called nested loop. The same way for looping having more inner loop is called 'nested for loop'.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[t._v("\n   for(;;){\n        //Outer Loop Statements\n        for(;;){\n            //Inner Loop Statements\n        }\n        //Outer Loop Statements\n    }\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("Nested for loop can be demonstrated to print triangle shaped numbers.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("9")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("--")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("//Outer Loop")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" k"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("k"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("k"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("--")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("//Inner Loop -1")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("print")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('" "')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" j"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("j"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<=")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("9")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("j"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("++")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("//Inner Loop -2")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("print")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('" "')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v("j"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"ternary-operator"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#ternary-operator"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Ternary Operator")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Sometimes you have to check for a condition and set the value of a variable.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("For ex.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),t._v(" name"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("A")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("B")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    name "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Billy"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("else")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    name "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Jimmy"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("This can be easily written in one line as")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),t._v(" name "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("A")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("B")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("?")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Billy"')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Jimmy"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("The value of the variable is set to the value immediately after the condition, if the condition is true. If the condition is false, the second value will be given to the variable.")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"while-loops"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#while-loops"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" While Loops")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("while")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("100")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// condition gets checked BEFORE the loop body executes")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("++")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("A "),a("code",[t._v("while")]),t._v(" loop runs as long as the condition inside the parentheses is "),a("code",[t._v("true")]),t._v('.  This is also called the "pre-test loop" structure because the conditional statement must be met before the main loop body is performed every time.')]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The curly braces are optional if the loop contains just one statement, but some coding style conventions prefers having the braces regardless.")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"if-else"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#if-else"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" If / Else")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n  "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is less than 2"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("else")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n  "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is greater than 2"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("An "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v(" statement executes code conditionally depending on the result of the condition in parentheses. When condition in parentheses is true it will enter to the block of if statement which is defined by curly braces like "),a("code",[t._v("{")]),t._v(" and "),a("code",[t._v("}")]),t._v(". opening bracket till the closing bracket is the scope of the if statement.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("else")]),t._v(" block is optional and can be omitted. It runs if the "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v(" statement is "),a("code",[t._v("false")]),t._v(" and does not run if the "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v(" statement is true Because in that case "),a("code",[t._v("if")]),t._v(" statement executes.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("See also: Ternary If")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"break"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#break"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Break")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("break")]),t._v(" statement ends a loop (like "),a("code",[t._v("for")]),t._v(", "),a("code",[t._v("while")]),t._v(") or the evaluation of a "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"http://stackoverflow.com/documentation/java/118/basic-control-structures/614/switch-statements",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("switch statement"),a("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Loop:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("while")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token boolean"}},[t._v("true")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n   "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("someCondition "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("==")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("5")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n       "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n   "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("The loop in the example would run forever. But when "),a("code",[t._v("someCondition")]),t._v(" equals "),a("code",[t._v("5")]),t._v(" at some point of execution, then the loop ends.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("If multiple loops are cascaded, only the most inner loop ends using "),a("code",[t._v("break")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"try-catch-finally"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#try-catch-finally"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Try ... Catch ... Finally")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The "),a("code",[t._v("try { ... } catch ( ... ) { ... }")]),t._v(" control structure is used for handling "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"http://stackoverflow.com/documentation/java/89/exceptions",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Exceptions"),a("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),t._v(" age_input "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"abc"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("try")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" age "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Integer")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("parseInt")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("age_input"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("age "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("18")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"You can vote!"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("else")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Sorry, you can\'t vote yet."')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("catch")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("NumberFormatException")]),t._v(" ex"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("err"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Invalid input.  \'"')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" age_input "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"\' is not a valid integer."')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("This would print:")]),t._v(" "),a("blockquote"),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Invalid input.  'abc' is not a valid integer.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("A "),a("code",[t._v("finally")]),t._v(" clause can be added after the "),a("code",[t._v("catch")]),t._v(". The "),a("code",[t._v("finally")]),t._v(" clause would always be executed, regardless of whether an exception was thrown.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[t._v("try { ... } catch ( ... ) { ... } finally { ... }")])]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("String")]),t._v(" age_input "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"abc"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("try")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" age "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Integer")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("parseInt")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("age_input"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("age "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("18")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"You can vote!"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("else")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Sorry, you can\'t vote yet."')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("catch")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("NumberFormatException")]),t._v(" ex"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("err"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Invalid input.  \'"')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" age_input "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"\' is not a valid integer."')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("finally")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"This code will always be run, even if an exception is thrown"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("This would print:")]),t._v(" "),a("blockquote"),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Invalid input.  'abc' is not a valid integer."),a("br"),t._v("\nThis code will always be run, even if an exception is thrown")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"nested-break-continue"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#nested-break-continue"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Nested break / continue")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("It's possible to "),a("code",[t._v("break")]),t._v(" / "),a("code",[t._v("continue")]),t._v(" to an outer loop by using label statements:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[t._v("outerloop"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n    innerloop"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("condition1"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("break")]),t._v(" outerloop"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("condition2"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n            "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("continue")]),t._v(" innerloop"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// equivalent to: continue;")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("There is no other use for labels in Java.")]),t._v(" "),a("h4",{attrs:{id:"remarks"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#remarks"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Remarks")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("All control structures, unless otherwise noted, make use of "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-14.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("block statements"),a("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".  These are denoted by curly braces "),a("code",[t._v("{}")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("This differs from "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-14.html#jls-14.5",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("normal statements"),a("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(", which do "),a("strong",[t._v("not")]),t._v(" require curly braces, but also come with a stiff caveat in that only the line "),a("strong",[t._v("immediately following")]),t._v(" the previous statement would be considered.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Thus, it is perfectly valid to write any of these control structures without curly braces, so long as only "),a("strong",[t._v("one")]),t._v(" statement follows the beginning, but it is "),a("strong",[a("strong",[t._v("strongly discouraged")])]),t._v(", as it can lead to buggy implementations, or broken code.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Example:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// valid, but discouraged")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Scanner")]),t._v(" scan "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("new")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Scanner")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("in"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" val "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" scan"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("nextInt")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("val "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("%")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("==")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Val was even!"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// invalid; will not compile")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// note the misleading indentation here")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("10")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("++")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("System")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("out"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("println")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"i is currently: "')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" i"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n")])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);s.default=e.exports}}]);