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Using the float type gives us an answer around 8009.77, which is unacceptably imprecise in the case of monetary calculations. Using BigDecimal gives us the proper result.")]),a._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"mathematical-operations-with-bigdecimal"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#mathematical-operations-with-bigdecimal"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" Mathematical operations with BigDecimal")]),a._v(" "),s("p",[a._v("This example shows how to perform basic mathematical operations using BigDecimals.")]),a._v(" "),s("h3",{attrs:{id:"_1-addition"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#_1-addition"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 1.Addition")]),a._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" a "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[a._v('"5"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" b "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[a._v('"7"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("//Equivalent to result = a + b")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" result "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" a"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[a._v("add")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),a._v("b"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("System")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),a._v("out"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[a._v("println")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),a._v("result"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n\n")])])]),s("blockquote"),a._v(" "),s("p",[a._v("Result : 12")]),a._v(" "),s("h3",{attrs:{id:"_2-subtraction"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#_2-subtraction"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 2.Subtraction")]),a._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" a "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[a._v('"5"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" b "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[a._v('"7"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("//Equivalent to result = a - 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an object describing the rules for operators, in particular the precision and rounding mode of the result. For more information about available rounding modes please refer to the Oracle Documentation.")]),a._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" a "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[a._v('"5.11"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" b "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),a._v("result"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n\n")])])]),s("p",[a._v("We would expect this to give something similar to : 0.7142857142857143, but we would get:")]),a._v(" "),s("blockquote"),a._v(" "),s("p",[a._v("Result: "),s("strong",[a._v("java.lang.ArithmeticException: Non-terminating decimal expansion; no exact representable decimal result.")])]),a._v(" "),s("p",[a._v("This would work perfectly well when the result would be a terminating decimal say if I wanted to divide 5 by 2, but for those numbers which upon dividing would give a non terminating result we would get an "),s("code",[a._v("ArithmeticException")]),a._v(". In the real world scenario, one cannot predict the values that would be encountered during the division, so we need to specify the "),s("strong",[a._v("Scale")]),a._v(" and the "),s("strong",[a._v("Rounding Mode")]),a._v(" for BigDecimal division. For more information on the Scale and Rounding Mode, refer the "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/math/BigDecimal.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[a._v("Oracle Documentation"),s("OutboundLink")],1),a._v(".")]),a._v(" "),s("p",[a._v("For example, I could do:")]),a._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" a "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[a._v('"5"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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reference")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" b "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[a._v("10L")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("//Does not return cached Object reference")]),a._v("\n\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" a "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("//Does not return cached Object reference")]),a._v("\n\n\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" a "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[a._v("valueOf")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[a._v("15.15")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("//Preferred way to convert a double (or float) into a BigDecimal, as the value returned is equal to that resulting from constructing a BigDecimal from the result of using Double.toString(double)")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" b "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[a._v("15.15")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("//Return unpredictable result")]),a._v("\n\n")])])]),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"initialization-of-bigdecimals-with-value-zero-one-or-ten"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#initialization-of-bigdecimals-with-value-zero-one-or-ten"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" Initialization of BigDecimals with value zero, one or ten")]),a._v(" "),s("p",[a._v("BigDecimal provides static properties for the numbers zero, one and ten. It's good practise to use these instead of using the actual numbers:")]),a._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[s("a",{attrs:{href:"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/math/BigDecimal.html#ZERO",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[a._v("BigDecimal.ZERO")]),s("OutboundLink")],1)]),a._v(" "),s("li",[s("a",{attrs:{href:"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/math/BigDecimal.html#ONE",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[a._v("BigDecimal.ONE")]),s("OutboundLink")],1)]),a._v(" "),s("li",[s("a",{attrs:{href:"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/math/BigDecimal.html#TEN",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[a._v("BigDecimal.TEN")]),s("OutboundLink")],1)])]),a._v(" "),s("p",[a._v("By using the static properties, you avoid an unnecessary instantiation, also you've got a literal in your code instead of a 'magic number'.")]),a._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("//Bad example:")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" bad0 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[a._v("0")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" bad1 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[a._v("1")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" bad10 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[a._v("10")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("//Good Example:")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" good0 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),a._v("ZERO"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" good1 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),a._v("ONE"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" good10 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),a._v("TEN"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n\n")])])]),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"bigdecimal-objects-are-immutable"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bigdecimal-objects-are-immutable"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" BigDecimal objects are immutable")]),a._v(" "),s("p",[a._v("If you want to calculate with BigDecimal you have to use the returned value because BigDecimal objects are immutable:")]),a._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-java extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-java"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" a "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[a._v('"42.23"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" b "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[a._v("new")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[a._v('"10.001"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v("\n\na"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[a._v("add")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),a._v("b"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("// a will still be 42.23")]),a._v("\n\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[a._v("BigDecimal")]),a._v(" c "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[a._v("=")]),a._v(" a"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[a._v("add")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v("(")]),a._v("b"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[a._v(";")]),a._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[a._v("// c will be 52.231 ")]),a._v("\n\n")])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=e.exports}}]);