(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[2814],{3222:function(t,s,a){"use strict";a.r(s);var n=a(31),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t.$createElement,a=t._self._c||s;return a("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[a("h1",{attrs:{id:"string-methods"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#string-methods"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" String Methods")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"changing-the-capitalization-of-a-string"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#changing-the-capitalization-of-a-string"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Changing the capitalization of a string")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Python's string type provides many functions that act on the capitalization of a string. These include :")]),t._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[a("code",[t._v("str.casefold")])]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("str.upper")])]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("str.lower")])]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("str.capitalize")])]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("str.title")])]),t._v(" "),a("li",[a("code",[t._v("str.swapcase")])])]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("With unicode strings (the default in Python 3), these operations are "),a("strong",[t._v("not")]),t._v(" 1:1 mappings or reversible. Most of these operations are intended for display purposes, rather than normalization.")]),t._v(" "),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"str-casefold"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#str-casefold"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" "),a("code",[t._v("str.casefold()")])]),t._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[t._v("str.casefold")]),t._v(" creates a lowercase string that is suitable for case insensitive comparisons. 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Just use the "),a("code",[t._v("in")]),t._v(" operator:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"foo"')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"foo.baz.bar"')]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token boolean"}},[t._v("True")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("Note: testing an empty string will always result in "),a("code",[t._v("True")]),t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('""')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"test"')]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token boolean"}},[t._v("True")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"counting-number-of-times-a-substring-appears-in-a-string"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#counting-number-of-times-a-substring-appears-in-a-string"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Counting number of times a substring appears in a string")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("One method is available for counting the number of occurrences of a sub-string in another string, "),a("code",[t._v("str.count")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("h3",{attrs:{id:"str-count-sub-start-end"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#str-count-sub-start-end"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" "),a("code",[t._v("str.count(sub[, start[, end]])")])]),t._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[t._v("str.count")]),t._v(" returns an "),a("code",[t._v("int")]),t._v(" indicating the number of non-overlapping occurrences of the sub-string "),a("code",[t._v("sub")]),t._v(" in another string. 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There is text for which "),a("code",[t._v("text.lower() != text.upper().lower()")]),t._v(", such as "),a("code",[t._v('"ß"')]),t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"ß"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("lower"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'ß'")]),t._v("\n\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"ß"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("upper"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("lower"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'ss'")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("But let's say you wanted to caselessly compare "),a("code",[t._v('"BUSSE"')]),t._v(" and "),a("code",[t._v('"Buße"')]),t._v(". 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If "),a("code",[t._v("casefold")]),t._v(" is not available, doing "),a("code",[t._v(".upper().lower()")]),t._v(" helps (but only somewhat).")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Then you should consider accents. 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You probably want to use "),a("strong",[t._v("NFKD")]),t._v(" normalization, but feel free to check the documentation. 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