(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[2822],{3230:function(t,s,a){"use strict";a.r(s);var n=a(31),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t.$createElement,a=t._self._c||s;return a("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[a("h1",{attrs:{id:"the-interpreter-command-line-console"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-interpreter-command-line-console"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" The Interpreter (Command Line Console)")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"getting-general-help"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#getting-general-help"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Getting general help")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("If the "),a("code",[t._v("help")]),t._v(" function is called in the console without any arguments, Python presents an interactive help console, where you can find out about Python modules, symbols, keywords and more.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\nWelcome to Python "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3.4")]),t._v("'s "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" utility!\n\nIf this "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" your first time using Python"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" you should definitely check out\nthe tutorial on the Internet at http"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("//")]),t._v("docs"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("python"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("org"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3.4")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),t._v("tutorial"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n\nEnter the name of "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("any")]),t._v(" module"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" keyword"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" topic to get "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" on writing\nPython programs "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" using Python modules"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" To quit this "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" utility "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("return")]),t._v(" to the interpreter"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" just "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("type")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"quit"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n\nTo get a "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("list")]),t._v(" of available modules"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" keywords"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" symbols"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" topics"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("type")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"modules"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"keywords"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"symbols"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"topics"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" Each module also comes\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("with")]),t._v(" a one"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("line summary of what it does"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" to "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("list")]),t._v(" the modules whose name\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" summary contain a given string such "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"spam"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("type")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"modules spam"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"referring-to-the-last-expression"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#referring-to-the-last-expression"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Referring to the last expression")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("To get the value of the last result from your last expression in the console, use an underscore "),a("code",[t._v("_")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("4")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" _\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("4")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" _ "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("6")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("10")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("This magic underscore value is only updated when using a python expression that results in a value. Defining functions or for loops does not change the value. If the expression raises an exception there will be no changes to "),a("code",[t._v("_")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Hello, {0}"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("format")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"World"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'Hello, World'")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" _\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'Hello, World'")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("def")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("wontchangethings")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("pass")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" _\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'Hello, World'")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("27")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v("\nTraceback "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("most recent call last"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n File "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('""')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" line "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("module"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v("\nZeroDivisionError"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" division by zero\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" _\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'Hello, World'")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("Remember, this magic variable is only available in the interactive python interpreter. Running scripts will not do this.")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"opening-the-python-console"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#opening-the-python-console"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Opening the Python console")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The console for the primary version of Python can usually be opened by typing "),a("code",[t._v("py")]),t._v(" into your windows console or "),a("code",[t._v("python")]),t._v(" on other platforms.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[t._v("$ py\nPython "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3.4")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v(".3")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("v3"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("4.3")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("9b73f1c3e601"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" Feb "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("24")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2015")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("22")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("44")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("40")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("MSC v"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1600")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("64")]),t._v(" bit "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("AMD64"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" on win32\nType "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"help"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"copyright"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"credits"')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"license"')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" more information"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("If you have multiple versions, then by default their executables will be mapped to "),a("code",[t._v("python2")]),t._v(" or "),a("code",[t._v("python3")]),t._v(" respectively.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("This of course depends on the Python executables being in your PATH.")]),t._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"the-pythonstartup-variable"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-pythonstartup-variable"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" The PYTHONSTARTUP variable")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("You can set an environment variable called PYTHONSTARTUP for Python's console. Whenever you enter the Python console, this file will be executed, allowing for you to add extra functionality to the console such as importing commonly-used modules automatically.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("If the PYTHONSTARTUP variable was set to the location of a file containing this:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("print")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"Welcome!"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("Then opening the Python console would result in this extra output:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[t._v("$ py\nPython "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3.4")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v(".3")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("v3"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("4.3")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("9b73f1c3e601"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" Feb "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("24")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2015")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("22")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("44")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("40")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("MSC v"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1600")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("64")]),t._v(" bit "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("AMD64"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" on win32\nType "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"help"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"copyright"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"credits"')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"license"')]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" more information"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\nWelcome!\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" \n\n")])])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"command-line-arguments"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#command-line-arguments"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Command line arguments")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("Python has a variety of command-line switches which can be passed to "),a("code",[t._v("py")]),t._v(". These can be found by performing "),a("code",[t._v("py --help")]),t._v(", which gives this output on Python 3.4:")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[t._v("Python Launcher\n\nusage"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" py "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v(" launcher"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("arguments "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v(" python"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("arguments "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" script "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v(" script"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("arguments "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v("\n\nLauncher arguments"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" Launch the latest Python "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2.")]),t._v("x version\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" Launch the latest Python "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3.")]),t._v("x version\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("X"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Y "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" Launch the specified Python version\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("X"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Y"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("32")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" Launch the specified 32bit Python version\n\nThe following "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" text "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" Python"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n\nusage"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" G"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\\Python34\\python"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("exe "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("option"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("c cmd "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("m mod "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("file")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("arg"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\nOptions "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" arguments "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" corresponding environment variables"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("b "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" issue warnings about "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("str")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("bytes_instance"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("str")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("bytearray_instance"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" comparing "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("bytes")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("bytearray")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("with")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("str")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("bb"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" issue errors"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("B "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" don't write "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("py"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("co"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" files on "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" also PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("x\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("c cmd "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" program passed "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" string "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("terminates option "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("list")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("d "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" debug output "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" parser"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" also PYTHONDEBUG"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("x\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("E "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" ignore PYTHON"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("*")]),t._v(" environment variables "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("such "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" PYTHONPATH"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("h "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("print")]),t._v(" this "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" message "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" exit "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("also "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("i "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" inspect interactively after running script"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" forces a prompt even\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" stdin does "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("not")]),t._v(" appear to be a terminal"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" also PYTHONINSPECT"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("x\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("I "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" isolate Python "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" the user's environment "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("implies "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("E "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("s"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("m mod "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" run library module "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" a script "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("terminates option "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("list")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("O "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" optimize generated bytecode slightly"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" also PYTHONOPTIMIZE"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("x\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("OO "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" remove doc"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("strings "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" addition to the "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("O optimizations\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("q "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" don't "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("print")]),t._v(" version "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" copyright messages on interactive startup\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("s "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" don't add user site directory to sys"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("path"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" also PYTHONNOUSERSITE\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("S "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" don"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'t imply '")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" site' on initialization\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("u "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" unbuffered binary stdout "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" stderr"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" stdin always buffered"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n also PYTHONUNBUFFERED"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("x\n see man page "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" details on internal buffering relating to "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'-u'")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("v "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" verbose "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("trace "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" statements"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" also PYTHONVERBOSE"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("x\n can be supplied multiple times to increase verbosity\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("V "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("print")]),t._v(" the Python version number "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" exit "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("also "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("version"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("W arg "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" warning control"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" arg "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" action"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("message"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("category"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("module"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("lineno\n also PYTHONWARNINGS"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("arg\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("x "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" skip first line of source"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" allowing use of non"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("Unix forms of "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("#!cmd")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("X opt "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("set")]),t._v(" implementation"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("specific option\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("file")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" program read "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" script "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("file")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" program read "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" stdin "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("default"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" interactive mode "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" a tty"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\narg "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" arguments passed to program "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" sys"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("argv"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v("\n\nOther environment variables"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\nPYTHONSTARTUP"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("file")]),t._v(" executed on interactive startup "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("no default"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\nPYTHONPATH "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("';'")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("separated "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("list")]),t._v(" of directories prefixed to the\n default module search path"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" The result "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" sys"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("path"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\nPYTHONHOME "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" alternate "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("prefix"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" directory "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("prefix"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("exec_prefix"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n The default module search path uses "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("prefix"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v("\\lib"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\nPYTHONCASEOK "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" ignore case "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'import'")]),t._v(" statements "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("Windows"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\nPYTHONIOENCODING"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" Encoding"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("errors"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" used "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" stdin"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),t._v("stdout"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),t._v("stderr"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\nPYTHONFAULTHANDLER"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" dump the Python traceback on fatal errors"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\nPYTHONHASHSEED"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" this variable "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("set")]),t._v(" to "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'random'")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" a random value "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" used\n to seed the hashes of "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("str")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("bytes")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" datetime objects"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" It can also be\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("set")]),t._v(" to an integer "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" the "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("range")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("4294967295")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" to get "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("hash")]),t._v(" values "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("with")]),t._v(" a\n predictable seed"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"getting-help-about-an-object"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#getting-help-about-an-object"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Getting help about an object")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("The Python console adds a new function, "),a("code",[t._v("help")]),t._v(", which can be used to get information about a function or object.")]),t._v(" "),a("p",[t._v("For a function, "),a("code",[t._v("help")]),t._v(" prints its signature (arguments) and its docstring, if the function has one.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("print")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\nHelp on built"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" function "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("print")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" module builtins"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("print")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("print")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("value"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" sep"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("' '")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" end"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'\\n'")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("file")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("sys"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("stdout"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" flush"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token boolean"}},[t._v("False")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\n Prints the values to a stream"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" to sys"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("stdout by default"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n Optional keyword arguments"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("file")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" a "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("file")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),t._v("like "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("object")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("stream"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" defaults to the current sys"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("stdout"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n sep"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" string inserted between values"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" default a space"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n end"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" string appended after the last value"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" default a newline"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n flush"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" whether to forcibly flush the stream"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),a("p",[t._v("For an object, "),a("code",[t._v("help")]),t._v(" lists the object's docstring and the different member functions which the object has.")]),t._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-py extra-class"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-py"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" x "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),t._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("help")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("x"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\nHelp on "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("int")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("object")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("class")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("int")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("object")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("int")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("x"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" integer\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("int")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("x"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" base"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("10")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" integer\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" Convert a number "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" string to an integer"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("return")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" no arguments\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" are given"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" If x "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" a number"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("return")]),t._v(" x"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("__int__"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" For floating point\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" numbers"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" this truncates towards zero"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" If x "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("not")]),t._v(" a number "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("if")]),t._v(" base "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("is")]),t._v(" given"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" then x must be a string"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("bytes")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("bytearray")]),t._v(" instance representing an integer literal "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" the\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" given base"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" The literal can be preceded by "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'+'")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("or")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'-'")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" be surrounded\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" by whitespace"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" The base defaults to "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("10")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v(" Valid bases are "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("and")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("-")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("36")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" Base "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(" means to interpret the base "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" the string "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" an integer literal"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">>")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("int")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'0b100'")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" base"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("4")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" Methods defined here"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" __abs__"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("self"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[t._v("abs")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("self"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" __add__"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("self"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" value"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" Return self"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v("value"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("\n\n")])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);s.default=e.exports}}]);