Verified Spec-Driven Development (VSDD) is a unified software engineering methodology that fuses three proven paradigms into a single AI-orchestrated pipeline:
See more of my writing here. Also check out Devin
In this post, I'll start from scratch and build up to OpenClaw's architecture step by step, showing how you could have invented it yourself from first principles, using nothing but a messaging API, an LLM, and the desire to make AI actually useful outside the chat window.
End goal: understand how persistent AI assistants work, so you can build your own (or become an OpenClaw power user).
When you use ChatGPT or Claude in a browser, there are several limitations:
| function shouldTextBeBlack (backgroundcolor) { | |
| return computeLuminence(backgroundcolor) > 0.179; | |
| } | |
| function computeLuminence(backgroundcolor) { | |
| var colors = hexToRgb(backgroundcolor); | |
| var components = ['r', 'g', 'b']; | |
| for (var i in components) { | |
| var c = components[i]; |
A pattern for building personal knowledge bases using LLMs.
This is an idea file, it is designed to be copy pasted to your own LLM Agent (e.g. OpenAI Codex, Claude Code, OpenCode / Pi, or etc.). Its goal is to communicate the high level idea, but your agent will build out the specifics in collaboration with you.
Most people's experience with LLMs and documents looks like RAG: you upload a collection of files, the LLM retrieves relevant chunks at query time, and generates an answer. This works, but the LLM is rediscovering knowledge from scratch on every question. There's no accumulation. Ask a subtle question that requires synthesizing five documents, and the LLM has to find and piece together the relevant fragments every time. Nothing is built up. NotebookLM, ChatGPT file uploads, and most RAG systems work this way.
| """ | |
| The most atomic way to train and run inference for a GPT in pure, dependency-free Python. | |
| This file is the complete algorithm. | |
| Everything else is just efficiency. | |
| @karpathy | |
| """ | |
| import os # os.path.exists | |
| import math # math.log, math.exp |
| function lightOrDark(color) { | |
| // Check the format of the color, HEX or RGB? | |
| if (color.match(/^rgb/)) { | |
| // If HEX --> store the red, green, blue values in separate variables | |
| color = color.match(/^rgba?\((\d+),\s*(\d+),\s*(\d+)(?:,\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?))?\)$/); | |
| r = color[1]; | |
| g = color[2]; |