vpython.docs/visual/controls.html at master · vpython/vpython.docs

History

230 lines (226 loc) · 13.5 KB

Raw

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>controls</title>

<!--

.style1 {font-size: x-large}

.style2 {font-size: xx-large}

-->

</style>

<!--

function MM_jumpMenu(targ,selObj,restore){ //v3.0

eval(targ+".location='"+selObj.options[selObj.selectedIndex].value+"'");

if (restore) selObj.selectedIndex=0;

}

//-->

</script>

</head>

<body>

<tr>

If you're new to Python

and VPython: <a href="VisualIntro.html">Introduction</a>

A VPython <a href="VPython_Intro.pdf" target="_blank">tutorial</a>

<a href="primitives.html">Pictures</a> of 3D objects

Choose an object:

<option>Choose an object</option>

<option value="cylinder.html">Overview</option>

<option value="arrow.html">arrow</option>

<option value="convex.html">convex</option>

<option value="curve.html">curve</option>

<option value="cylinder.html">cylinder</option>

<option value="ellipsoid.html">ellipsoid</option>

<option value="extrusion.html">extrusion</option>

<option value="faces.html">faces</option>

<option value="frame.html">frame</option>

<option value="helix.html">helix</option>

<option value="label.html">label</option>

<option value="lights.html">lights</option>

<option value="points.html">points</option>

<option value="pyramid.html">pyramid</option>

<option value="sphere.html">sphere</option>

</select>

Work with objects:

<option>Choose an option</option>

<option value="color.html">Color/Opacity</option>

<option value="materials.html">Materials/Textures</option>

<option value="shapes.html">Shapes Library</option>

<option value="paths.html">Paths Library</option>

<option value="defaults.html">Defaults</option>

<option value="rate.html">Animation Speed</option>

<option value="rotation.html">Rotations</option>

<option value="options.html">Additional Options</option>

<option value="delete.html">Delete an Object</option>

<option value="controls.html">Buttons/Sliders</option>

<option value="graph.html">Graphs</option>

<option value="lights.html">Lighting</option>

<option value="files.html">Read/Write Files</option>

<option value="trail.html">Leaving a Trail</option>

<option value="vector.html">Vector Operations </option>

<option value="factorial.html">factorial/combin</option>

</select>

Windows &amp Events:

<option>Choose a topic</option>

<option value="display.html">Windows</option>

<option value="mouse.html">Mouse Events</option>

<option value="mouse_click.html">   Mouse Click</option>

<option value="mouse_drag.html">   Mouse Drag</option>

<option value="keyboard.html">Keyboard Events</option>

</select>

What's new in <a href="new_features.html">Visual 5</a>

<a href="http://vpython.org" target="_blank">VPython web site</a>

<a href="license.txt" target="_blank">Visual license</a>

<a href="http://www.python.org" target="_blank">Python web site</a>

<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-math.html" target="_blank">Math module</a> (sqrt etc.)

<a href="http://www.scipy.org/Documentation" target="_blank">Numpy module</a> (arrays) </td>

<tr>

<h1>Controls:

buttons, sliders, toggles, and menus</h1>

</div></td>

</tr>

</table>

<div>

You can create buttons, sliders, toggle switches, and pull-down menus to

control your program. You import these capabilities with this statement:

<div>

from visual.controls import *

</div>

Importing from visual.controls makes available

all Visual objects plus the controls module. To use the control features,

you create a special controls window and add control objects to that window,

specifying what actions should take place when the controls are manipulated.

For example, an action associated with a button might be the execution of

a function to change the color of a Visual object. For a detailed example, see the VPython

demo program controlstest.py.

Here is a small example. All it does is change the button text when you click

the button. The Python construction "lambda:" is required for the

controls module to have the correct context ("namespace") for calling

the specified routine.

from visual.controls import *

def change(): # Called by controls

when button clicked

if b.text == 'Click me':

b.text = 'Try again'

else:

b.text = 'Click me'

c = controls() # Create controls window

# Create a button in the controls window:

b = button( pos=(0,0), width=60, height=60,

              text='Click

me', action=lambda: change() )

Technical note: It used to be necessary to call c.interact() repeatedly in order for the controls to be active, but this is no longer necessary. The interact function still exists for backward compatibility, but it does nothing.

</div>

Controls window

controls() Creates a controls

window with the specified attributes, and returns it. For example, the following

creates a controls window 300 by 300, located at (0,400) with respect to the

upper left corner of the screen, with 'Controlling the Scene' in the title bar,

and a range of 50 (window coordinates from -50 to +50 in x and y):

<div>

c = controls(title='Controlling the Scene',

     x=0, y=400, width=300, height=300,

range=50)

</div>

<div>

Controls window parameters

x, y Position of the window on the screen (pixels from upper left)

width, height Width and height of the display area in pixels.

title Text in the control

window's title bar.

range The extent

of the region of interest away from the center along each axis.

The default is 100. The center of a controls window is always (0,0).

display Every

controls window has the attribute display;

sphere(display=c.display) will place a sphere in the controls window

named c.

Control objects

After creating a controls window, you can create the following

control objects that will appear in that window:

button A button

to click.

slider Drag a

slider to enter a numeric value graphically.

toggle Click

on the handle to flip a toggle switch.

menu A pull-down

menu of options.

Control objects have the following attributes:

pos Position of the control (center of button or toggle, one end of slider,

upper left corner of menu title)

color Gray by default

width Width of button, toggle, or menu

height Height of button,

toggle, or menu

axis Axis for slider,

pointing from pos to other end (as for cylinder or arrow)

length Length of slider

(in direction of axis)

min, max Minimum and

maximum values for a slider

value Value of

toggle (0 or 1), slider (depends on slider min and max), or menu

(the text just selected on the menu). The value of a toggle

or slider (but not a menu) can be set as well as read. If you set

the value of a toggle or slider, the control moves to the position

that corresponds to that value.

text Text to

display on a button, or the header at the top of a menu

text0 Text to display

below a toggle switch (associated with toggle value = 0)

text1 Text to display

above a toggle switch (associated with toggle value = 1)

action Specify Python

statement to be executed when a control is manipulated

items For menus only,

list of menu items to choose from. Here is how to add a menu item to a menu

named m1:

m1.items.append( ('Red', lambda: cubecolor(color.red)) )

This adds to the pull-down menu an item 'Red' which

when chosen will pass the value color.red to the subroutine cubecolor().

The Python construction "lambda:" is required for the controls

module to have the correct context ("namespace") for calling the

specified routine.

</div>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Provide feedback

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

FilesExpand file tree

controls.html

Latest commit

History

controls.html

File metadata and controls