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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><!-- InstanceBegin template="/Templates/template.dwt" codeOutsideHTMLIsLocked="false" -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="doctitle" -->
<title>frame</title>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable -->
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="head" -->
<link href="VisualRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<!-- InstanceEndEditable -->
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
function MM_jumpMenu(targ,selObj,restore){ //v3.0
eval(targ+".location='"+selObj.options[selObj.selectedIndex].value+"'");
if (restore) selObj.selectedIndex=0;
}
//-->
</script>
<link href="VisualRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<table width="800" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<!--DWLayoutDefaultTable-->
<tr>
<td width="10" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><!--DWLayoutEmptyCell--> </td>
<td width="10" height="272" valign="top" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><p> </p> </td>
<td width="173" valign="top" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><p class="Normal"><a href="index.html">Home</a></p>
<p class="Normal">If you're new to Python <br />
and VPython: <a href="VisualIntro.html">Introduction</a></p>
<p class="Normal">A VPython <a href="VPython_Intro.pdf" target="_blank">tutorial</a></p>
<p class="Normal"><a href="primitives.html">Pictures</a> of 3D objects</p>
<p class="Normal">Choose an object:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu4" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose an object</option>
<option value="cylinder.html">Overview</option>
<option value="arrow.html">arrow</option>
<option value="box.html">box</option>
<option value="cone.html">cone</option>
<option value="convex.html">convex</option>
<option value="curve.html">curve</option>
<option value="cylinder.html">cylinder</option>
<option value="ellipsoid.html">ellipsoid</option>
<option value="extrusion.html">extrusion</option>
<option value="faces.html">faces</option>
<option value="frame.html">frame</option>
<option value="helix.html">helix</option>
<option value="label.html">label</option>
<option value="lights.html">lights</option>
<option value="points.html">points</option>
<option value="pyramid.html">pyramid</option>
<option value="ring.html">ring</option>
<option value="sphere.html">sphere</option>
<option value="text.html">text</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">Work with objects:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu5" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose an option</option>
<option value="color.html">Color/Opacity</option>
<option value="materials.html">Materials/Textures</option>
<option value="shapes.html">Shapes Library</option>
<option value="paths.html">Paths Library</option>
<option value="defaults.html">Defaults</option>
<option value="rate.html">Animation Speed</option>
<option value="rotation.html">Rotations</option>
<option value="options.html">Additional Options</option>
<option value="delete.html">Delete an Object</option>
<option value="float.html">3/4 = 0?</option>
<option value="controls.html">Buttons/Sliders</option>
<option value="graph.html">Graphs</option>
<option value="lights.html">Lighting</option>
<option value="files.html">Read/Write Files</option>
<option value="trail.html">Leaving a Trail</option>
<option value="vector.html">Vector Operations </option>
<option value="factorial.html">factorial/combin</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">Windows & Events:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu6" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose a topic</option>
<option value="display.html">Windows</option>
<option value="mouse.html">Mouse Events</option>
<option value="mouse_click.html"> Mouse Click</option>
<option value="mouse_drag.html"> Mouse Drag</option>
<option value="keyboard.html">Keyboard Events</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">What's new in <a href="new_features.html">Visual 5</a></p>
<p class="Normal"><a href="http://vpython.org" target="_blank">VPython web site</a><br />
<a href="license.txt" target="_blank">Visual license</a><br />
<a href="http://www.python.org" target="_blank">Python web site</a> <br />
<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-math.html" target="_blank">Math module</a> (sqrt etc.)<br />
<a href="http://www.scipy.org/Documentation" target="_blank">Numpy module</a> (arrays) </p></td>
<td width="21" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><!--DWLayoutEmptyCell--> </td>
<td width="586" rowspan="2" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
<div>
<h1 class="Heading-1"> <font color="#0000A0">Composite Objects with frame</font></h1>
</div>
<div>
<p class="Normal"> You can group objects together to make a composite object that can be moved and rotated as though it were a single object. Create a frame object, and associate objects with that frame:</p>
<div>
<p class="program"> f = frame()<br />
cylinder(frame=f, pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.1, length=1,<br />
color=color.cyan)<br />
sphere(frame=f, pos=(1,0,0), radius=0.2, color=color.red)<br />
f.axis = (0,1,0) # change orientation of both objects<br />
f.pos = (-1,0,0) # change position of both objects</p>
<p class="Normal"> By default, frame() has a position of (0,0,0) and
axis in the x direction (1,0,0). The cylinder and sphere are created
within the frame. When any of the frame attributes are changed (<span class="attribute">pos</span>, <span class="attribute">x</span>, <span class="attribute">y</span>, <span class="attribute">z</span>, <span class="attribute">axis</span>,
or <span class="attribute">up</span>),
the composite object is reoriented and repositioned.</p>
<p class="Normal">You can make all the objects in a frame invisible or visible
by setting the frame's <font color="#FF0000">visible</font> attribute.</p>
<p class="Normal">Another frame attribute is <span class="attribute">objects</span>,
which is a list of currently visible objects contained in the frame (the
list does not include objects that are currently invisible, not lights, which are found in scene.lights). If you want
to make all the objects in a frame be red, do the following (assume the
frame is named f):</p>
<div>
<p class="program"> for obj in f.objects:<br />
obj.color = color.red</p>
</div>
<p class="Normal">If you use this method to make all the objects invisible,
the f.objects list will be empty. If you need a list containing all the
objects, both visible and invisible, you need to maintain your own list
of objects.</p>
<p class="Normal"> If <span class="program0"><font color="#FF0000">ball</font></span> is
an object in a frame, <font color="#FF0000">ball.pos</font> is the
position local to the frame, not the actual position in "world
space".
There are two frame functions for translating between frame and world
coordinates. Suppose the name of the frame is <span class="attribute">f</span>, <span class="attribute">frame_pos</span> is
a position within that frame, and <span class="attribute">world_pos</span> is
the corresponding position in world coordinates:</p>
<p class="program">world_pos = f.frame_to_world(frame_pos)</p>
<p class="program">frame_pos = f.world_to_frame(world_pos)</p>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="16" colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
<!-- InstanceEnd --></html>