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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><!-- InstanceBegin template="/Templates/template.dwt" codeOutsideHTMLIsLocked="false" -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="doctitle" -->
<title>ring</title>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable -->
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="head" -->
<link href="VisualRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.style1 {font-size: x-large}
.style2 {font-size: xx-large}
-->
</style>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable -->
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
function MM_jumpMenu(targ,selObj,restore){ //v3.0
eval(targ+".location='"+selObj.options[selObj.selectedIndex].value+"'");
if (restore) selObj.selectedIndex=0;
}
//-->
</script>
<link href="VisualRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<table width="800" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<!--DWLayoutDefaultTable-->
<tr>
<td width="10" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><!--DWLayoutEmptyCell--> </td>
<td width="10" height="272" valign="top" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><p> </p> </td>
<td width="173" valign="top" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><p class="Normal"><a href="index.html">Home</a></p>
<p class="Normal">If you're new to Python <br />
and VPython: <a href="VisualIntro.html">Introduction</a></p>
<p class="Normal">A VPython <a href="VPython_Intro.pdf" target="_blank">tutorial</a></p>
<p class="Normal"><a href="primitives.html">Pictures</a> of 3D objects</p>
<p class="Normal">Choose an object:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu4" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose an object</option>
<option value="cylinder.html">Overview</option>
<option value="arrow.html">arrow</option>
<option value="box.html">box</option>
<option value="cone.html">cone</option>
<option value="convex.html">convex</option>
<option value="curve.html">curve</option>
<option value="cylinder.html">cylinder</option>
<option value="ellipsoid.html">ellipsoid</option>
<option value="extrusion.html">extrusion</option>
<option value="faces.html">faces</option>
<option value="frame.html">frame</option>
<option value="helix.html">helix</option>
<option value="label.html">label</option>
<option value="lights.html">lights</option>
<option value="points.html">points</option>
<option value="pyramid.html">pyramid</option>
<option value="ring.html">ring</option>
<option value="sphere.html">sphere</option>
<option value="text.html">text</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">Work with objects:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu5" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose an option</option>
<option value="color.html">Color/Opacity</option>
<option value="materials.html">Materials/Textures</option>
<option value="shapes.html">Shapes Library</option>
<option value="paths.html">Paths Library</option>
<option value="defaults.html">Defaults</option>
<option value="rate.html">Animation Speed</option>
<option value="rotation.html">Rotations</option>
<option value="options.html">Additional Options</option>
<option value="delete.html">Delete an Object</option>
<option value="float.html">3/4 = 0?</option>
<option value="controls.html">Buttons/Sliders</option>
<option value="graph.html">Graphs</option>
<option value="lights.html">Lighting</option>
<option value="files.html">Read/Write Files</option>
<option value="trail.html">Leaving a Trail</option>
<option value="vector.html">Vector Operations </option>
<option value="factorial.html">factorial/combin</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">Windows & Events:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu6" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose a topic</option>
<option value="display.html">Windows</option>
<option value="mouse.html">Mouse Events</option>
<option value="mouse_click.html"> Mouse Click</option>
<option value="mouse_drag.html"> Mouse Drag</option>
<option value="keyboard.html">Keyboard Events</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">What's new in <a href="new_features.html">Visual 5</a></p>
<p class="Normal"><a href="http://vpython.org" target="_blank">VPython web site</a><br />
<a href="license.txt" target="_blank">Visual license</a><br />
<a href="http://www.python.org" target="_blank">Python web site</a> <br />
<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-math.html" target="_blank">Math module</a> (sqrt etc.)<br />
<a href="http://www.scipy.org/Documentation" target="_blank">Numpy module</a> (arrays) </p></td>
<td width="21" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><!--DWLayoutEmptyCell--> </td>
<td width="586" rowspan="2" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
<div>
<table width="100%" border="1">
<tr>
<td width="77%"><div align="center"><span class="style1 style2"><font color="#0000A0">ring</font></span></div></td>
<td width="23%"><div align="center"><img src="images/ring.jpg" alt="ring" width="131" height="127" /><a href="arrow.html"></a></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<p class="Normal"> <img src="ring.gif" alt="ring" width="153" height="247" align="right" /> The ring object
is circular, with a specified radius and thickness and with its center
given by the <span class="attribute">pos</span> attribute:</p>
<div>
<p class="program"> ring(pos=(1,1,1), axis=(0,1,0), radius=0.5, thickness=0.1)</p>
<p class="Normal"> The ring object has the following attributes and
default values, like those for cylinders: <span class="attribute">pos<font color="#000000"> (0,0,0)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">x</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#000000"> (0)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">y<font color="#000000">(0)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">z<font color="#000000">(0)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">axis<font color="#000000"> (1,0,0)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">length<font color="#000000"> (1)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">color<font color="#000000"> (1,1,1)
which is color.white</font></span>, <span class="attribute">red<font color="#000000"> (1)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">green<font color="#000000"> (1)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">blue<font color="#000000"> (1)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">opacity</span> (1), <a href="materials.html">material</a>, and <span class="attribute">up<font color="#000000"> (0,1,0)</font></span>.
As with cylinders, <span class="attribute">up</span> has a subtle
effect on the 3D appearance of a ring unless a non-smooth material
is specified. The <span class="attribute">axis</span> attribute
only affects the orientation of the ring; the magnitude of the <span class="attribute">axis</span> attribute
is irrelevant. Additional ring attributes:</p>
<p class="attributes"> <span class="attribute">radius</span> Radius
of the central part of the ring, default = 1, so <br />
outer radius = radius+thickness<br />
inner radius = radius-thickness </p>
<p class="attributes"> <span class="attribute">thickness</span> The
radius of the cross section of the ring (1/10th of radius if not
specified), not the full diameter as you might
expect.</p>
<p class="Normal"> Note that the <span class="attribute">pos</span> attribute
for cylinder, arrow, cone, and pyramid corresponds to one end of the object,
whereas for a ring, sphere, and box it corresponds to the center of the
object. </p>
<p class="Normal">If you include <span class="attribute">make_trail=True</span> when you create the object, a trail will be left behind the object as you move it. For related options, see <a href="trail.html"><strong>Leaving a Trail</strong></a>.</p>
<p class="Normal">See description of <a href="options.html">Additional
Attributes</a> available for all 3D display objects.</p>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="16" colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
<!-- InstanceEnd --></html>