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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
# Translators:
# python-doc bot, 2025
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-04-09 18:19+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-22 15:59+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: python-doc bot, 2025\n"
"Language-Team: Polish (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/pl/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: pl\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : (n%10>=2 && n%10<=4) && "
"(n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n!=1 && (n%10>=0 && n%10<=1) || (n%10>=5 && "
"n%10<=9) || (n%100>=12 && n%100<=14) ? 2 : 3);\n"
msgid "What's New In Python 3.0"
msgstr ""
msgid "Author"
msgstr "Autor"
msgid "Guido van Rossum"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"This article explains the new features in Python 3.0, compared to 2.6. "
"Python 3.0, also known as \"Python 3000\" or \"Py3K\", is the first ever "
"*intentionally backwards incompatible* Python release. Python 3.0 was "
"released on December 3, 2008. There are more changes than in a typical "
"release, and more that are important for all Python users. Nevertheless, "
"after digesting the changes, you'll find that Python really hasn't changed "
"all that much -- by and large, we're mostly fixing well-known annoyances and "
"warts, and removing a lot of old cruft."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of all new "
"features, but instead tries to give a convenient overview. For full details, "
"you should refer to the documentation for Python 3.0, and/or the many PEPs "
"referenced in the text. If you want to understand the complete "
"implementation and design rationale for a particular feature, PEPs usually "
"have more details than the regular documentation; but note that PEPs usually "
"are not kept up-to-date once a feature has been fully implemented."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Due to time constraints this document is not as complete as it should have "
"been. As always for a new release, the ``Misc/NEWS`` file in the source "
"distribution contains a wealth of detailed information about every small "
"thing that was changed."
msgstr ""
msgid "Common Stumbling Blocks"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"This section lists those few changes that are most likely to trip you up if "
"you're used to Python 2.5."
msgstr ""
msgid "Print Is A Function"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The ``print`` statement has been replaced with a :func:`print` function, "
"with keyword arguments to replace most of the special syntax of the old "
"``print`` statement (:pep:`3105`). Examples::"
msgstr ""
msgid "You can also customize the separator between items, e.g.::"
msgstr ""
msgid "which produces:"
msgstr ""
msgid "Note:"
msgstr "Uwaga:"
msgid ""
"The :func:`print` function doesn't support the \"softspace\" feature of the "
"old ``print`` statement. For example, in Python 2.x, ``print \"A\\n\", "
"\"B\"`` would write ``\"A\\nB\\n\"``; but in Python 3.0, ``print(\"A\\n\", "
"\"B\")`` writes ``\"A\\n B\\n\"``."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Initially, you'll be finding yourself typing the old ``print x`` a lot in "
"interactive mode. Time to retrain your fingers to type ``print(x)`` instead!"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"When using the ``2to3`` source-to-source conversion tool, all ``print`` "
"statements are automatically converted to :func:`print` function calls, so "
"this is mostly a non-issue for larger projects."
msgstr ""
msgid "Views And Iterators Instead Of Lists"
msgstr ""
msgid "Some well-known APIs no longer return lists:"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":class:`dict` methods :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.items` and :meth:`dict."
"values` return \"views\" instead of lists. For example, this no longer "
"works: ``k = d.keys(); k.sort()``. Use ``k = sorted(d)`` instead (this "
"works in Python 2.5 too and is just as efficient)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Also, the :meth:`dict.iterkeys`, :meth:`dict.iteritems` and :meth:`dict."
"itervalues` methods are no longer supported."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":func:`map` and :func:`filter` return iterators. If you really need a list "
"and the input sequences are all of equal length, a quick fix is to wrap :"
"func:`map` in :func:`list`, e.g. ``list(map(...))``, but a better fix is "
"often to use a list comprehension (especially when the original code uses :"
"keyword:`lambda`), or rewriting the code so it doesn't need a list at all. "
"Particularly tricky is :func:`map` invoked for the side effects of the "
"function; the correct transformation is to use a regular :keyword:`for` loop "
"(since creating a list would just be wasteful)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"If the input sequences are not of equal length, :func:`map` will stop at the "
"termination of the shortest of the sequences. For full compatibility with :"
"func:`map` from Python 2.x, also wrap the sequences in :func:`itertools."
"zip_longest`, e.g. ``map(func, *sequences)`` becomes ``list(map(func, "
"itertools.zip_longest(*sequences)))``."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":func:`range` now behaves like :func:`xrange` used to behave, except it "
"works with values of arbitrary size. The latter no longer exists."
msgstr ""
msgid ":func:`zip` now returns an iterator."
msgstr ""
msgid "Ordering Comparisons"
msgstr ""
msgid "Python 3.0 has simplified the rules for ordering comparisons:"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The ordering comparison operators (``<``, ``<=``, ``>=``, ``>``) raise a "
"TypeError exception when the operands don't have a meaningful natural "
"ordering. Thus, expressions like ``1 < ''``, ``0 > None`` or ``len <= len`` "
"are no longer valid, and e.g. ``None < None`` raises :exc:`TypeError` "
"instead of returning ``False``. A corollary is that sorting a heterogeneous "
"list no longer makes sense -- all the elements must be comparable to each "
"other. Note that this does not apply to the ``==`` and ``!=`` operators: "
"objects of different incomparable types always compare unequal to each other."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":meth:`builtin.sorted` and :meth:`list.sort` no longer accept the *cmp* "
"argument providing a comparison function. Use the *key* argument instead. N."
"B. the *key* and *reverse* arguments are now \"keyword-only\"."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :func:`cmp` function should be treated as gone, and the :meth:`__cmp__` "
"special method is no longer supported. Use :meth:`__lt__` for sorting, :"
"meth:`__eq__` with :meth:`__hash__`, and other rich comparisons as needed. "
"(If you really need the :func:`cmp` functionality, you could use the "
"expression ``(a > b) - (a < b)`` as the equivalent for ``cmp(a, b)``.)"
msgstr ""
msgid "Integers"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`237`: Essentially, :class:`long` renamed to :class:`int`. That is, "
"there is only one built-in integral type, named :class:`int`; but it behaves "
"mostly like the old :class:`long` type."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`238`: An expression like ``1/2`` returns a float. Use ``1//2`` to get "
"the truncating behavior. (The latter syntax has existed for years, at least "
"since Python 2.2.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :data:`sys.maxint` constant was removed, since there is no longer a "
"limit to the value of integers. However, :data:`sys.maxsize` can be used as "
"an integer larger than any practical list or string index. It conforms to "
"the implementation's \"natural\" integer size and is typically the same as :"
"data:`sys.maxint` in previous releases on the same platform (assuming the "
"same build options)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :func:`repr` of a long integer doesn't include the trailing ``L`` "
"anymore, so code that unconditionally strips that character will chop off "
"the last digit instead. (Use :func:`str` instead.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Octal literals are no longer of the form ``0720``; use ``0o720`` instead."
msgstr ""
msgid "Text Vs. Data Instead Of Unicode Vs. 8-bit"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Everything you thought you knew about binary data and Unicode has changed."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Python 3.0 uses the concepts of *text* and (binary) *data* instead of "
"Unicode strings and 8-bit strings. All text is Unicode; however *encoded* "
"Unicode is represented as binary data. The type used to hold text is :class:"
"`str`, the type used to hold data is :class:`bytes`. The biggest difference "
"with the 2.x situation is that any attempt to mix text and data in Python "
"3.0 raises :exc:`TypeError`, whereas if you were to mix Unicode and 8-bit "
"strings in Python 2.x, it would work if the 8-bit string happened to contain "
"only 7-bit (ASCII) bytes, but you would get :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` if it "
"contained non-ASCII values. This value-specific behavior has caused "
"numerous sad faces over the years."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"As a consequence of this change in philosophy, pretty much all code that "
"uses Unicode, encodings or binary data most likely has to change. The "
"change is for the better, as in the 2.x world there were numerous bugs "
"having to do with mixing encoded and unencoded text. To be prepared in "
"Python 2.x, start using :class:`unicode` for all unencoded text, and :class:"
"`str` for binary or encoded data only. Then the ``2to3`` tool will do most "
"of the work for you."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"You can no longer use ``u\"...\"`` literals for Unicode text. However, you "
"must use ``b\"...\"`` literals for binary data."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"As the :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` types cannot be mixed, you must "
"always explicitly convert between them. Use :meth:`str.encode` to go from :"
"class:`str` to :class:`bytes`, and :meth:`bytes.decode` to go from :class:"
"`bytes` to :class:`str`. You can also use ``bytes(s, encoding=...)`` and "
"``str(b, encoding=...)``, respectively."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Like :class:`str`, the :class:`bytes` type is immutable. There is a "
"separate *mutable* type to hold buffered binary data, :class:`bytearray`. "
"Nearly all APIs that accept :class:`bytes` also accept :class:`bytearray`. "
"The mutable API is based on :class:`collections.MutableSequence`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"All backslashes in raw string literals are interpreted literally. This means "
"that ``'\\U'`` and ``'\\u'`` escapes in raw strings are not treated "
"specially. For example, ``r'\\u20ac'`` is a string of 6 characters in "
"Python 3.0, whereas in 2.6, ``ur'\\u20ac'`` was the single \"euro\" "
"character. (Of course, this change only affects raw string literals; the "
"euro character is ``'\\u20ac'`` in Python 3.0.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The built-in :class:`basestring` abstract type was removed. Use :class:"
"`str` instead. The :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` types don't have "
"functionality enough in common to warrant a shared base class. The ``2to3`` "
"tool (see below) replaces every occurrence of :class:`basestring` with :"
"class:`str`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Files opened as text files (still the default mode for :func:`open`) always "
"use an encoding to map between strings (in memory) and bytes (on disk). "
"Binary files (opened with a ``b`` in the mode argument) always use bytes in "
"memory. This means that if a file is opened using an incorrect mode or "
"encoding, I/O will likely fail loudly, instead of silently producing "
"incorrect data. It also means that even Unix users will have to specify the "
"correct mode (text or binary) when opening a file. There is a platform-"
"dependent default encoding, which on Unixy platforms can be set with the "
"``LANG`` environment variable (and sometimes also with some other platform-"
"specific locale-related environment variables). In many cases, but not all, "
"the system default is UTF-8; you should never count on this default. Any "
"application reading or writing more than pure ASCII text should probably "
"have a way to override the encoding. There is no longer any need for using "
"the encoding-aware streams in the :mod:`codecs` module."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The initial values of :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout` and :data:`sys."
"stderr` are now unicode-only text files (i.e., they are instances of :class:"
"`io.TextIOBase`). To read and write bytes data with these streams, you need "
"to use their :data:`io.TextIOBase.buffer` attribute."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Filenames are passed to and returned from APIs as (Unicode) strings. This "
"can present platform-specific problems because on some platforms filenames "
"are arbitrary byte strings. (On the other hand, on Windows filenames are "
"natively stored as Unicode.) As a work-around, most APIs (e.g. :func:`open` "
"and many functions in the :mod:`os` module) that take filenames accept :"
"class:`bytes` objects as well as strings, and a few APIs have a way to ask "
"for a :class:`bytes` return value. Thus, :func:`os.listdir` returns a list "
"of :class:`bytes` instances if the argument is a :class:`bytes` instance, "
"and :func:`os.getcwdb` returns the current working directory as a :class:"
"`bytes` instance. Note that when :func:`os.listdir` returns a list of "
"strings, filenames that cannot be decoded properly are omitted rather than "
"raising :exc:`UnicodeError`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Some system APIs like :data:`os.environ` and :data:`sys.argv` can also "
"present problems when the bytes made available by the system is not "
"interpretable using the default encoding. Setting the ``LANG`` variable and "
"rerunning the program is probably the best approach."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3138`: The :func:`repr` of a string no longer escapes non-ASCII "
"characters. It still escapes control characters and code points with non-"
"printable status in the Unicode standard, however."
msgstr ""
msgid ":pep:`3120`: The default source encoding is now UTF-8."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3131`: Non-ASCII letters are now allowed in identifiers. (However, the "
"standard library remains ASCII-only with the exception of contributor names "
"in comments.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :mod:`StringIO` and :mod:`cStringIO` modules are gone. Instead, import "
"the :mod:`io` module and use :class:`io.StringIO` or :class:`io.BytesIO` for "
"text and data respectively."
msgstr ""
msgid "See also the :ref:`unicode-howto`, which was updated for Python 3.0."
msgstr ""
msgid "Overview Of Syntax Changes"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"This section gives a brief overview of every *syntactic* change in Python "
"3.0."
msgstr ""
msgid "New Syntax"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3107`: Function argument and return value annotations. This provides "
"a standardized way of annotating a function's parameters and return value. "
"There are no semantics attached to such annotations except that they can be "
"introspected at runtime using the :attr:`__annotations__` attribute. The "
"intent is to encourage experimentation through metaclasses, decorators or "
"frameworks."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3102`: Keyword-only arguments. Named parameters occurring after "
"``*args`` in the parameter list *must* be specified using keyword syntax in "
"the call. You can also use a bare ``*`` in the parameter list to indicate "
"that you don't accept a variable-length argument list, but you do have "
"keyword-only arguments."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Keyword arguments are allowed after the list of base classes in a class "
"definition. This is used by the new convention for specifying a metaclass "
"(see next section), but can be used for other purposes as well, as long as "
"the metaclass supports it."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3104`: :keyword:`nonlocal` statement. Using ``nonlocal x`` you can "
"now assign directly to a variable in an outer (but non-global) scope. :"
"keyword:`!nonlocal` is a new reserved word."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3132`: Extended Iterable Unpacking. You can now write things like "
"``a, b, *rest = some_sequence``. And even ``*rest, a = stuff``. The "
"``rest`` object is always a (possibly empty) list; the right-hand side may "
"be any iterable. Example::"
msgstr ""
msgid "This sets *a* to ``0``, *b* to ``4``, and *rest* to ``[1, 2, 3]``."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Dictionary comprehensions: ``{k: v for k, v in stuff}`` means the same thing "
"as ``dict(stuff)`` but is more flexible. (This is :pep:`274` vindicated. :-)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Set literals, e.g. ``{1, 2}``. Note that ``{}`` is an empty dictionary; use "
"``set()`` for an empty set. Set comprehensions are also supported; e.g., "
"``{x for x in stuff}`` means the same thing as ``set(stuff)`` but is more "
"flexible."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"New octal literals, e.g. ``0o720`` (already in 2.6). The old octal literals "
"(``0720``) are gone."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"New binary literals, e.g. ``0b1010`` (already in 2.6), and there is a new "
"corresponding built-in function, :func:`bin`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Bytes literals are introduced with a leading ``b`` or ``B``, and there is a "
"new corresponding built-in function, :func:`bytes`."
msgstr ""
msgid "Changed Syntax"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3109` and :pep:`3134`: new :keyword:`raise` statement syntax: :samp:"
"`raise [{expr} [from {expr}]]`. See below."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":keyword:`!as` and :keyword:`with` are now reserved words. (Since 2.6, "
"actually.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"``True``, ``False``, and ``None`` are reserved words. (2.6 partially "
"enforced the restrictions on ``None`` already.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Change from :keyword:`except` *exc*, *var* to :keyword:`!except` *exc* :"
"keyword:`!as` *var*. See :pep:`3110`."
msgstr ""
msgid ":pep:`3115`: New Metaclass Syntax. Instead of::"
msgstr ""
msgid "you must now use::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The module-global :data:`__metaclass__` variable is no longer supported. "
"(It was a crutch to make it easier to default to new-style classes without "
"deriving every class from :class:`object`.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"List comprehensions no longer support the syntactic form :samp:`[... for "
"{var} in {item1}, {item2}, ...]`. Use :samp:`[... for {var} in ({item1}, "
"{item2}, ...)]` instead. Also note that list comprehensions have different "
"semantics: they are closer to syntactic sugar for a generator expression "
"inside a :func:`list` constructor, and in particular the loop control "
"variables are no longer leaked into the surrounding scope."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The *ellipsis* (``...``) can be used as an atomic expression anywhere. "
"(Previously it was only allowed in slices.) Also, it *must* now be spelled "
"as ``...``. (Previously it could also be spelled as ``. . .``, by a mere "
"accident of the grammar.)"
msgstr ""
msgid "Removed Syntax"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3113`: Tuple parameter unpacking removed. You can no longer write "
"``def foo(a, (b, c)): ...``. Use ``def foo(a, b_c): b, c = b_c`` instead."
msgstr ""
msgid "Removed backticks (use :func:`repr` instead)."
msgstr ""
msgid "Removed ``<>`` (use ``!=`` instead)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Removed keyword: :func:`exec` is no longer a keyword; it remains as a "
"function. (Fortunately the function syntax was also accepted in 2.x.) Also "
"note that :func:`exec` no longer takes a stream argument; instead of "
"``exec(f)`` you can use ``exec(f.read())``."
msgstr ""
msgid "Integer literals no longer support a trailing ``l`` or ``L``."
msgstr ""
msgid "String literals no longer support a leading ``u`` or ``U``."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`from` *module* :keyword:`import` ``*`` syntax is only allowed "
"at the module level, no longer inside functions."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The only acceptable syntax for relative imports is :samp:`from .[{module}] "
"import {name}`. All :keyword:`import` forms not starting with ``.`` are "
"interpreted as absolute imports. (:pep:`328`)"
msgstr ""
msgid "Classic classes are gone."
msgstr ""
msgid "Changes Already Present In Python 2.6"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Since many users presumably make the jump straight from Python 2.5 to Python "
"3.0, this section reminds the reader of new features that were originally "
"designed for Python 3.0 but that were back-ported to Python 2.6. The "
"corresponding sections in :ref:`whats-new-in-2.6` should be consulted for "
"longer descriptions."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-0343`. The :keyword:`with` statement is now a standard feature "
"and no longer needs to be imported from the :mod:`__future__`. Also check "
"out :ref:`new-26-context-managers` and :ref:`new-module-contextlib`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-0366`. This enhances the usefulness of the :option:`-m` option "
"when the referenced module lives in a package."
msgstr ""
msgid ":ref:`pep-0370`."
msgstr ":ref:`pep-0370`."
msgid ":ref:`pep-0371`."
msgstr ":ref:`pep-0371`."
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3101`. Note: the 2.6 description mentions the :meth:`format` "
"method for both 8-bit and Unicode strings. In 3.0, only the :class:`str` "
"type (text strings with Unicode support) supports this method; the :class:"
"`bytes` type does not. The plan is to eventually make this the only API for "
"string formatting, and to start deprecating the ``%`` operator in Python 3.1."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3105`. This is now a standard feature and no longer needs to be "
"imported from :mod:`__future__`. More details were given above."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3110`. The :keyword:`except` *exc* :keyword:`!as` *var* syntax is "
"now standard and :keyword:`!except` *exc*, *var* is no longer supported. "
"(Of course, the :keyword:`!as` *var* part is still optional.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3112`. The ``b\"...\"`` string literal notation (and its variants "
"like ``b'...'``, ``b\"\"\"...\"\"\"``, and ``br\"...\"``) now produces a "
"literal of type :class:`bytes`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3116`. The :mod:`io` module is now the standard way of doing file "
"I/O. The built-in :func:`open` function is now an alias for :func:`io.open` "
"and has additional keyword arguments *encoding*, *errors*, *newline* and "
"*closefd*. Also note that an invalid *mode* argument now raises :exc:"
"`ValueError`, not :exc:`IOError`. The binary file object underlying a text "
"file object can be accessed as :attr:`f.buffer` (but beware that the text "
"object maintains a buffer of itself in order to speed up the encoding and "
"decoding operations)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3118`. The old builtin :func:`buffer` is now really gone; the new "
"builtin :func:`memoryview` provides (mostly) similar functionality."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3119`. The :mod:`abc` module and the ABCs defined in the :mod:"
"`collections` module plays a somewhat more prominent role in the language "
"now, and built-in collection types like :class:`dict` and :class:`list` "
"conform to the :class:`collections.MutableMapping` and :class:`collections."
"MutableSequence` ABCs, respectively."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3127`. As mentioned above, the new octal literal notation is the "
"only one supported, and binary literals have been added."
msgstr ""
msgid ":ref:`pep-3129`."
msgstr ":ref:`pep-3129`."
msgid ""
":ref:`pep-3141`. The :mod:`numbers` module is another new use of ABCs, "
"defining Python's \"numeric tower\". Also note the new :mod:`fractions` "
"module which implements :class:`numbers.Rational`."
msgstr ""
msgid "Library Changes"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Due to time constraints, this document does not exhaustively cover the very "
"extensive changes to the standard library. :pep:`3108` is the reference for "
"the major changes to the library. Here's a capsule review:"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Many old modules were removed. Some, like :mod:`gopherlib` (no longer used) "
"and :mod:`md5` (replaced by :mod:`hashlib`), were already deprecated by :pep:"
"`4`. Others were removed as a result of the removal of support for various "
"platforms such as Irix, BeOS and Mac OS 9 (see :pep:`11`). Some modules "
"were also selected for removal in Python 3.0 due to lack of use or because a "
"better replacement exists. See :pep:`3108` for an exhaustive list."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :mod:`bsddb3` package was removed because its presence in the core "
"standard library has proved over time to be a particular burden for the core "
"developers due to testing instability and Berkeley DB's release schedule. "
"However, the package is alive and well, externally maintained at https://www."
"jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Some modules were renamed because their old name disobeyed :pep:`8`, or for "
"various other reasons. Here's the list:"
msgstr ""
msgid "Old Name"
msgstr ""
msgid "New Name"
msgstr ""
msgid "_winreg"
msgstr ""
msgid "winreg"
msgstr ""
msgid "ConfigParser"
msgstr ""
msgid "configparser"
msgstr ""
msgid "copy_reg"
msgstr ""
msgid "copyreg"
msgstr ""
msgid "Queue"
msgstr ""
msgid "queue"
msgstr ""
msgid "SocketServer"
msgstr ""
msgid "socketserver"
msgstr ""
msgid "markupbase"
msgstr ""
msgid "_markupbase"
msgstr ""
msgid "repr"
msgstr ""
msgid "reprlib"
msgstr ""
msgid "test.test_support"
msgstr ""
msgid "test.support"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A common pattern in Python 2.x is to have one version of a module "
"implemented in pure Python, with an optional accelerated version implemented "
"as a C extension; for example, :mod:`pickle` and :mod:`cPickle`. This "
"places the burden of importing the accelerated version and falling back on "
"the pure Python version on each user of these modules. In Python 3.0, the "
"accelerated versions are considered implementation details of the pure "
"Python versions. Users should always import the standard version, which "
"attempts to import the accelerated version and falls back to the pure Python "
"version. The :mod:`pickle` / :mod:`cPickle` pair received this treatment. "
"The :mod:`profile` module is on the list for 3.1. The :mod:`StringIO` "
"module has been turned into a class in the :mod:`io` module."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Some related modules have been grouped into packages, and usually the "
"submodule names have been simplified. The resulting new packages are:"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":mod:`dbm` (:mod:`anydbm`, :mod:`dbhash`, :mod:`dbm`, :mod:`dumbdbm`, :mod:"
"`gdbm`, :mod:`whichdb`)."
msgstr ""
msgid ":mod:`html` (:mod:`HTMLParser`, :mod:`htmlentitydefs`)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":mod:`http` (:mod:`httplib`, :mod:`BaseHTTPServer`, :mod:`CGIHTTPServer`, :"
"mod:`SimpleHTTPServer`, :mod:`Cookie`, :mod:`cookielib`)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":mod:`tkinter` (all :mod:`Tkinter`-related modules except :mod:`turtle`). "
"The target audience of :mod:`turtle` doesn't really care about :mod:"
"`tkinter`. Also note that as of Python 2.6, the functionality of :mod:"
"`turtle` has been greatly enhanced."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":mod:`urllib` (:mod:`urllib`, :mod:`urllib2`, :mod:`urlparse`, :mod:"
"`robotparse`)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":mod:`xmlrpc` (:mod:`xmlrpclib`, :mod:`DocXMLRPCServer`, :mod:"
"`SimpleXMLRPCServer`)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Some other changes to standard library modules, not covered by :pep:`3108`:"
msgstr ""
msgid "Killed :mod:`sets`. Use the built-in :func:`set` class."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Cleanup of the :mod:`sys` module: removed :func:`sys.exitfunc`, :func:`sys."
"exc_clear`, :data:`sys.exc_type`, :data:`sys.exc_value`, :data:`sys."
"exc_traceback`. (Note that :data:`sys.last_type` etc. remain.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Cleanup of the :class:`array.array` type: the :meth:`read` and :meth:`write` "
"methods are gone; use :meth:`fromfile` and :meth:`tofile` instead. Also, "
"the ``'c'`` typecode for array is gone -- use either ``'b'`` for bytes or "
"``'u'`` for Unicode characters."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Cleanup of the :mod:`operator` module: removed :func:`sequenceIncludes` and :"
"func:`isCallable`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Cleanup of the :mod:`thread` module: :func:`acquire_lock` and :func:"
"`release_lock` are gone; use :func:`acquire` and :func:`release` instead."
msgstr ""
msgid "Cleanup of the :mod:`random` module: removed the :func:`jumpahead` API."
msgstr ""
msgid "The :mod:`new` module is gone."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The functions :func:`os.tmpnam`, :func:`os.tempnam` and :func:`os.tmpfile` "
"have been removed in favor of the :mod:`tempfile` module."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :mod:`tokenize` module has been changed to work with bytes. The main "
"entry point is now :func:`tokenize.tokenize`, instead of generate_tokens."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":data:`string.letters` and its friends (:data:`string.lowercase` and :data:"
"`string.uppercase`) are gone. Use :data:`string.ascii_letters` etc. "
"instead. (The reason for the removal is that :data:`string.letters` and "
"friends had locale-specific behavior, which is a bad idea for such "
"attractively named global \"constants\".)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Renamed module :mod:`__builtin__` to :mod:`builtins` (removing the "
"underscores, adding an 's'). The :data:`__builtins__` variable found in "
"most global namespaces is unchanged. To modify a builtin, you should use :"
"mod:`builtins`, not :data:`__builtins__`!"
msgstr ""
msgid ":pep:`3101`: A New Approach To String Formatting"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A new system for built-in string formatting operations replaces the ``%`` "
"string formatting operator. (However, the ``%`` operator is still "
"supported; it will be deprecated in Python 3.1 and removed from the "
"language at some later time.) Read :pep:`3101` for the full scoop."
msgstr ""
msgid "Changes To Exceptions"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The APIs for raising and catching exception have been cleaned up and new "
"powerful features added:"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`352`: All exceptions must be derived (directly or indirectly) from :"
"exc:`BaseException`. This is the root of the exception hierarchy. This is "
"not new as a recommendation, but the *requirement* to inherit from :exc:"
"`BaseException` is new. (Python 2.6 still allowed classic classes to be "
"raised, and placed no restriction on what you can catch.) As a consequence, "
"string exceptions are finally truly and utterly dead."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Almost all exceptions should actually derive from :exc:`Exception`; :exc:"
"`BaseException` should only be used as a base class for exceptions that "
"should only be handled at the top level, such as :exc:`SystemExit` or :exc:"
"`KeyboardInterrupt`. The recommended idiom for handling all exceptions "
"except for this latter category is to use :keyword:`except` :exc:`Exception`."
msgstr ""
msgid ":exc:`StandardError` was removed."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Exceptions no longer behave as sequences. Use the :attr:`args` attribute "
"instead."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3109`: Raising exceptions. You must now use :samp:`raise {Exception}"
"({args})` instead of :samp:`raise {Exception}, {args}`. Additionally, you "
"can no longer explicitly specify a traceback; instead, if you *have* to do "
"this, you can assign directly to the :attr:`__traceback__` attribute (see "
"below)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3110`: Catching exceptions. You must now use :samp:`except "
"{SomeException} as {variable}` instead of :samp:`except {SomeException}, "
"{variable}`. Moreover, the *variable* is explicitly deleted when the :"
"keyword:`except` block is left."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3134`: Exception chaining. There are two cases: implicit chaining and "
"explicit chaining. Implicit chaining happens when an exception is raised in "
"an :keyword:`except` or :keyword:`finally` handler block. This usually "
"happens due to a bug in the handler block; we call this a *secondary* "
"exception. In this case, the original exception (that was being handled) is "
"saved as the :attr:`__context__` attribute of the secondary exception. "
"Explicit chaining is invoked with this syntax::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"(where *primary_exception* is any expression that produces an exception "
"object, probably an exception that was previously caught). In this case, the "
"primary exception is stored on the :attr:`__cause__` attribute of the "
"secondary exception. The traceback printed when an unhandled exception "
"occurs walks the chain of :attr:`__cause__` and :attr:`__context__` "
"attributes and prints a separate traceback for each component of the chain, "
"with the primary exception at the top. (Java users may recognize this "
"behavior.)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3134`: Exception objects now store their traceback as the :attr:"
"`__traceback__` attribute. This means that an exception object now contains "
"all the information pertaining to an exception, and there are fewer reasons "
"to use :func:`sys.exc_info` (though the latter is not removed)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A few exception messages are improved when Windows fails to load an "
"extension module. For example, ``error code 193`` is now ``%1 is not a "
"valid Win32 application``. Strings now deal with non-English locales."
msgstr ""
msgid "Miscellaneous Other Changes"
msgstr ""
msgid "Operators And Special Methods"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"``!=`` now returns the opposite of ``==``, unless ``==`` returns :data:"
"`NotImplemented`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The concept of \"unbound methods\" has been removed from the language. When "
"referencing a method as a class attribute, you now get a plain function "
"object."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":meth:`__getslice__`, :meth:`__setslice__` and :meth:`__delslice__` were "
"killed. The syntax ``a[i:j]`` now translates to ``a.__getitem__(slice(i, "
"j))`` (or :meth:`__setitem__` or :meth:`__delitem__`, when used as an "
"assignment or deletion target, respectively)."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3114`: the standard :meth:`next` method has been renamed to :meth:"
"`~iterator.__next__`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :meth:`__oct__` and :meth:`__hex__` special methods are removed -- :func:"
"`oct` and :func:`hex` use :meth:`__index__` now to convert the argument to "
"an integer."
msgstr ""
msgid "Removed support for :attr:`__members__` and :attr:`__methods__`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The function attributes named :attr:`func_X` have been renamed to use the :"
"data:`__X__` form, freeing up these names in the function attribute "
"namespace for user-defined attributes. To wit, :attr:`func_closure`, :attr:"
"`func_code`, :attr:`func_defaults`, :attr:`func_dict`, :attr:`func_doc`, :"
"attr:`func_globals`, :attr:`func_name` were renamed to :attr:`__closure__`, :"
"attr:`__code__`, :attr:`__defaults__`, :attr:`~object.__dict__`, :attr:"
"`__doc__`, :attr:`__globals__`, :attr:`~definition.__name__`, respectively."
msgstr ""
msgid ":meth:`__nonzero__` is now :meth:`__bool__`."
msgstr ""
msgid "Builtins"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3135`: New :func:`super`. You can now invoke :func:`super` without "
"arguments and (assuming this is in a regular instance method defined inside "
"a :keyword:`class` statement) the right class and instance will "
"automatically be chosen. With arguments, the behavior of :func:`super` is "
"unchanged."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":pep:`3111`: :func:`raw_input` was renamed to :func:`input`. That is, the "
"new :func:`input` function reads a line from :data:`sys.stdin` and returns "
"it with the trailing newline stripped. It raises :exc:`EOFError` if the "
"input is terminated prematurely. To get the old behavior of :func:`input`, "
"use ``eval(input())``."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A new built-in function :func:`next` was added to call the :meth:`~iterator."
"__next__` method on an object."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :func:`round` function rounding strategy and return type have changed. "
"Exact halfway cases are now rounded to the nearest even result instead of "
"away from zero. (For example, ``round(2.5)`` now returns ``2`` rather than "
"``3``.) ``round(x[, n])`` now delegates to ``x.__round__([n])`` instead of "
"always returning a float. It generally returns an integer when called with "
"a single argument and a value of the same type as ``x`` when called with two "
"arguments."
msgstr ""
msgid "Moved :func:`intern` to :func:`sys.intern`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Removed: :func:`apply`. Instead of ``apply(f, args)`` use ``f(*args)``."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Removed :func:`callable`. Instead of ``callable(f)`` you can use "
"``isinstance(f, collections.Callable)``. The :func:`operator.isCallable` "
"function is also gone."
msgstr ""
msgid ""