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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
# Translators:
# python-doc bot, 2025
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-04-17 15:40+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-15 01:03+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: python-doc bot, 2025\n"
"Language-Team: Polish (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/pl/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: pl\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : (n%10>=2 && n%10<=4) && "
"(n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n!=1 && (n%10>=0 && n%10<=1) || (n%10>=5 && "
"n%10<=9) || (n%100>=12 && n%100<=14) ? 2 : 3);\n"
msgid "Glossary"
msgstr "Słownik"
msgid "``>>>``"
msgstr "``>>>``"
msgid ""
"The default Python prompt of the :term:`interactive` shell. Often seen for "
"code examples which can be executed interactively in the interpreter."
msgstr ""
msgid "``...``"
msgstr "``...``"
msgid "Can refer to:"
msgstr "Może odnosić się do:"
msgid ""
"The default Python prompt of the :term:`interactive` shell when entering the "
"code for an indented code block, when within a pair of matching left and "
"right delimiters (parentheses, square brackets, curly braces or triple "
"quotes), or after specifying a decorator."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The three dots form of the :ref:`Ellipsis <bltin-ellipsis-object>` object."
msgstr ""
msgid "abstract base class"
msgstr "abstrakcyjna klasa bazowa"
msgid ""
"Abstract base classes complement :term:`duck-typing` by providing a way to "
"define interfaces when other techniques like :func:`hasattr` would be clumsy "
"or subtly wrong (for example with :ref:`magic methods <special-lookup>`). "
"ABCs introduce virtual subclasses, which are classes that don't inherit from "
"a class but are still recognized by :func:`isinstance` and :func:"
"`issubclass`; see the :mod:`abc` module documentation. Python comes with "
"many built-in ABCs for data structures (in the :mod:`collections.abc` "
"module), numbers (in the :mod:`numbers` module), streams (in the :mod:`io` "
"module), import finders and loaders (in the :mod:`importlib.abc` module). "
"You can create your own ABCs with the :mod:`abc` module."
msgstr ""
msgid "annotation"
msgstr "adnotacja"
msgid ""
"A label associated with a variable, a class attribute or a function "
"parameter or return value, used by convention as a :term:`type hint`."
msgstr ""
"Etykieta powiązana ze zmienną, atrybutem klasy lub parametrem funkcji lub "
"wartością zwracaną, używana zgodnie z konwencją jako :term:`type hint`."
msgid ""
"Annotations of local variables cannot be accessed at runtime, but "
"annotations of global variables, class attributes, and functions are stored "
"in the :attr:`__annotations__` special attribute of modules, classes, and "
"functions, respectively."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"See :term:`variable annotation`, :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` "
"and :pep:`526`, which describe this functionality. Also see :ref:"
"`annotations-howto` for best practices on working with annotations."
msgstr ""
msgid "argument"
msgstr "argument"
msgid ""
"A value passed to a :term:`function` (or :term:`method`) when calling the "
"function. There are two kinds of argument:"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":dfn:`keyword argument`: an argument preceded by an identifier (e.g. "
"``name=``) in a function call or passed as a value in a dictionary preceded "
"by ``**``. For example, ``3`` and ``5`` are both keyword arguments in the "
"following calls to :func:`complex`::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"complex(real=3, imag=5)\n"
"complex(**{'real': 3, 'imag': 5})"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
":dfn:`positional argument`: an argument that is not a keyword argument. "
"Positional arguments can appear at the beginning of an argument list and/or "
"be passed as elements of an :term:`iterable` preceded by ``*``. For example, "
"``3`` and ``5`` are both positional arguments in the following calls::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"complex(3, 5)\n"
"complex(*(3, 5))"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Arguments are assigned to the named local variables in a function body. See "
"the :ref:`calls` section for the rules governing this assignment. "
"Syntactically, any expression can be used to represent an argument; the "
"evaluated value is assigned to the local variable."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"See also the :term:`parameter` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the "
"difference between arguments and parameters <faq-argument-vs-parameter>`, "
"and :pep:`362`."
msgstr ""
msgid "asynchronous context manager"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An object which controls the environment seen in an :keyword:`async with` "
"statement by defining :meth:`~object.__aenter__` and :meth:`~object."
"__aexit__` methods. Introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""
msgid "asynchronous generator"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A function which returns an :term:`asynchronous generator iterator`. It "
"looks like a coroutine function defined with :keyword:`async def` except "
"that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for producing a series of "
"values usable in an :keyword:`async for` loop."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Usually refers to an asynchronous generator function, but may refer to an "
"*asynchronous generator iterator* in some contexts. In cases where the "
"intended meaning isn't clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An asynchronous generator function may contain :keyword:`await` expressions "
"as well as :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` statements."
msgstr ""
msgid "asynchronous generator iterator"
msgstr ""
msgid "An object created by an :term:`asynchronous generator` function."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"This is an :term:`asynchronous iterator` which when called using the :meth:"
"`~object.__anext__` method returns an awaitable object which will execute "
"the body of the asynchronous generator function until the next :keyword:"
"`yield` expression."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the "
"execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements). "
"When the *asynchronous generator iterator* effectively resumes with another "
"awaitable returned by :meth:`~object.__anext__`, it picks up where it left "
"off. See :pep:`492` and :pep:`525`."
msgstr ""
msgid "asynchronous iterable"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An object, that can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement. Must "
"return an :term:`asynchronous iterator` from its :meth:`~object.__aiter__` "
"method. Introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""
msgid "asynchronous iterator"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An object that implements the :meth:`~object.__aiter__` and :meth:`~object."
"__anext__` methods. :meth:`~object.__anext__` must return an :term:"
"`awaitable` object. :keyword:`async for` resolves the awaitables returned by "
"an asynchronous iterator's :meth:`~object.__anext__` method until it raises "
"a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception. Introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""
msgid "atomic operation"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An operation that appears to execute as a single, indivisible step: no other "
"thread can observe it half-done, and its effects become visible all at "
"once. Python does not guarantee that high-level statements are atomic (for "
"example, ``x += 1`` performs multiple bytecode operations and is not "
"atomic). Atomicity is only guaranteed where explicitly documented. See "
"also :term:`race condition` and :term:`data race`."
msgstr ""
msgid "attribute"
msgstr "atrybut"
msgid ""
"A value associated with an object which is usually referenced by name using "
"dotted expressions. For example, if an object *o* has an attribute *a* it "
"would be referenced as *o.a*."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"It is possible to give an object an attribute whose name is not an "
"identifier as defined by :ref:`identifiers`, for example using :func:"
"`setattr`, if the object allows it. Such an attribute will not be accessible "
"using a dotted expression, and would instead need to be retrieved with :func:"
"`getattr`."
msgstr ""
msgid "awaitable"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An object that can be used in an :keyword:`await` expression. Can be a :"
"term:`coroutine` or an object with an :meth:`~object.__await__` method. See "
"also :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""
msgid "BDFL"
msgstr "BDFL"
msgid ""
"Benevolent Dictator For Life, a.k.a. `Guido van Rossum <https://gvanrossum."
"github.io/>`_, Python's creator."
msgstr ""
msgid "binary file"
msgstr "plik binarny"
msgid ""
"A :term:`file object` able to read and write :term:`bytes-like objects "
"<bytes-like object>`. Examples of binary files are files opened in binary "
"mode (``'rb'``, ``'wb'`` or ``'rb+'``), :data:`sys.stdin.buffer <sys."
"stdin>`, :data:`sys.stdout.buffer <sys.stdout>`, and instances of :class:`io."
"BytesIO` and :class:`gzip.GzipFile`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"See also :term:`text file` for a file object able to read and write :class:"
"`str` objects."
msgstr ""
msgid "borrowed reference"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"In Python's C API, a borrowed reference is a reference to an object, where "
"the code using the object does not own the reference. It becomes a dangling "
"pointer if the object is destroyed. For example, a garbage collection can "
"remove the last :term:`strong reference` to the object and so destroy it."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Calling :c:func:`Py_INCREF` on the :term:`borrowed reference` is recommended "
"to convert it to a :term:`strong reference` in-place, except when the object "
"cannot be destroyed before the last usage of the borrowed reference. The :c:"
"func:`Py_NewRef` function can be used to create a new :term:`strong "
"reference`."
msgstr ""
msgid "bytes-like object"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An object that supports the :ref:`bufferobjects` and can export a C-:term:"
"`contiguous` buffer. This includes all :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, "
"and :class:`array.array` objects, as well as many common :class:`memoryview` "
"objects. Bytes-like objects can be used for various operations that work "
"with binary data; these include compression, saving to a binary file, and "
"sending over a socket."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Some operations need the binary data to be mutable. The documentation often "
"refers to these as \"read-write bytes-like objects\". Example mutable "
"buffer objects include :class:`bytearray` and a :class:`memoryview` of a :"
"class:`bytearray`. Other operations require the binary data to be stored in "
"immutable objects (\"read-only bytes-like objects\"); examples of these "
"include :class:`bytes` and a :class:`memoryview` of a :class:`bytes` object."
msgstr ""
msgid "bytecode"
msgstr "kod bajtowy"
msgid ""
"Python source code is compiled into bytecode, the internal representation of "
"a Python program in the CPython interpreter. The bytecode is also cached in "
"``.pyc`` files so that executing the same file is faster the second time "
"(recompilation from source to bytecode can be avoided). This \"intermediate "
"language\" is said to run on a :term:`virtual machine` that executes the "
"machine code corresponding to each bytecode. Do note that bytecodes are not "
"expected to work between different Python virtual machines, nor to be stable "
"between Python releases."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A list of bytecode instructions can be found in the documentation for :ref:"
"`the dis module <bytecodes>`."
msgstr ""
msgid "callable"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A callable is an object that can be called, possibly with a set of arguments "
"(see :term:`argument`), with the following syntax::"
msgstr ""
msgid "callable(argument1, argument2, argumentN)"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A :term:`function`, and by extension a :term:`method`, is a callable. An "
"instance of a class that implements the :meth:`~object.__call__` method is "
"also a callable."
msgstr ""
msgid "callback"
msgstr "wywołanie zwrotne"
msgid ""
"A subroutine function which is passed as an argument to be executed at some "
"point in the future."
msgstr ""
msgid "class"
msgstr "klasa"
msgid ""
"A template for creating user-defined objects. Class definitions normally "
"contain method definitions which operate on instances of the class."
msgstr ""
msgid "class variable"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A variable defined in a class and intended to be modified only at class "
"level (i.e., not in an instance of the class)."
msgstr ""
msgid "closure variable"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A :term:`free variable` referenced from a :term:`nested scope` that is "
"defined in an outer scope rather than being resolved at runtime from the "
"globals or builtin namespaces. May be explicitly defined with the :keyword:"
"`nonlocal` keyword to allow write access, or implicitly defined if the "
"variable is only being read."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"For example, in the ``inner`` function in the following code, both ``x`` and "
"``print`` are :term:`free variables <free variable>`, but only ``x`` is a "
"*closure variable*::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"def outer():\n"
" x = 0\n"
" def inner():\n"
" nonlocal x\n"
" x += 1\n"
" print(x)\n"
" return inner"
msgstr ""
"def outer():\n"
"x = 0\n"
"def inner():\n"
"nonlocal x\n"
"x += 1\n"
"print(x)\n"
"return inner"
msgid ""
"Due to the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` attribute (which, despite its "
"name, only includes the names of closure variables rather than listing all "
"referenced free variables), the more general :term:`free variable` term is "
"sometimes used even when the intended meaning is to refer specifically to "
"closure variables."
msgstr ""
msgid "complex number"
msgstr "liczba zespolona"
msgid ""
"An extension of the familiar real number system in which all numbers are "
"expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part. Imaginary numbers "
"are real multiples of the imaginary unit (the square root of ``-1``), often "
"written ``i`` in mathematics or ``j`` in engineering. Python has built-in "
"support for complex numbers, which are written with this latter notation; "
"the imaginary part is written with a ``j`` suffix, e.g., ``3+1j``. To get "
"access to complex equivalents of the :mod:`math` module, use :mod:`cmath`. "
"Use of complex numbers is a fairly advanced mathematical feature. If you're "
"not aware of a need for them, it's almost certain you can safely ignore them."
msgstr ""
msgid "concurrency"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The ability of a computer program to perform multiple tasks at the same "
"time. Python provides libraries for writing programs that make use of "
"different forms of concurrency. :mod:`asyncio` is a library for dealing "
"with asynchronous tasks and coroutines. :mod:`threading` provides access to "
"operating system threads and :mod:`multiprocessing` to operating system "
"processes. Multi-core processors can execute threads and processes on "
"different CPU cores at the same time (see :term:`parallelism`)."
msgstr ""
msgid "concurrent modification"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"When multiple threads modify shared data at the same time. Concurrent "
"modification without proper synchronization can cause :term:`race conditions "
"<race condition>`, and might also trigger a :term:`data race <data race>`, "
"data corruption, or both."
msgstr ""
msgid "context"
msgstr "kontekst"
msgid ""
"This term has different meanings depending on where and how it is used. Some "
"common meanings:"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The temporary state or environment established by a :term:`context manager` "
"via a :keyword:`with` statement."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The collection of keyvalue bindings associated with a particular :class:"
"`contextvars.Context` object and accessed via :class:`~contextvars."
"ContextVar` objects. Also see :term:`context variable`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A :class:`contextvars.Context` object. Also see :term:`current context`."
msgstr ""
msgid "context management protocol"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods called by "
"the :keyword:`with` statement. See :pep:`343`."
msgstr ""
msgid "context manager"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An object which implements the :term:`context management protocol` and "
"controls the environment seen in a :keyword:`with` statement. See :pep:"
"`343`."
msgstr ""
msgid "context variable"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A variable whose value depends on which context is the :term:`current "
"context`. Values are accessed via :class:`contextvars.ContextVar` objects. "
"Context variables are primarily used to isolate state between concurrent "
"asynchronous tasks."
msgstr ""
msgid "contiguous"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A buffer is considered contiguous exactly if it is either *C-contiguous* or "
"*Fortran contiguous*. Zero-dimensional buffers are C and Fortran "
"contiguous. In one-dimensional arrays, the items must be laid out in memory "
"next to each other, in order of increasing indexes starting from zero. In "
"multidimensional C-contiguous arrays, the last index varies the fastest when "
"visiting items in order of memory address. However, in Fortran contiguous "
"arrays, the first index varies the fastest."
msgstr ""
msgid "coroutine"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Coroutines are a more generalized form of subroutines. Subroutines are "
"entered at one point and exited at another point. Coroutines can be "
"entered, exited, and resumed at many different points. They can be "
"implemented with the :keyword:`async def` statement. See also :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""
msgid "coroutine function"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A function which returns a :term:`coroutine` object. A coroutine function "
"may be defined with the :keyword:`async def` statement, and may contain :"
"keyword:`await`, :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` keywords. "
"These were introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""
msgid "CPython"
msgstr "CPython"
msgid ""
"The canonical implementation of the Python programming language, as "
"distributed on `python.org <https://www.python.org>`_. The term \"CPython\" "
"is used when necessary to distinguish this implementation from others such "
"as Jython or IronPython."
msgstr ""
msgid "current context"
msgstr "bieżący kontekst"
msgid ""
"The :term:`context` (:class:`contextvars.Context` object) that is currently "
"used by :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` objects to access (get or set) the "
"values of :term:`context variables <context variable>`. Each thread has its "
"own current context. Frameworks for executing asynchronous tasks (see :mod:"
"`asyncio`) associate each task with a context which becomes the current "
"context whenever the task starts or resumes execution."
msgstr ""
msgid "data race"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A situation where multiple threads access the same memory location "
"concurrently, at least one of the accesses is a write, and the threads do "
"not use any synchronization to control their access. Data races lead to :"
"term:`non-deterministic` behavior and can cause data corruption. Proper use "
"of :term:`locks <lock>` and other :term:`synchronization primitives "
"<synchronization primitive>` prevents data races. Note that data races can "
"only happen in native code, but that :term:`native code` might be exposed in "
"a Python API. See also :term:`race condition` and :term:`thread-safe`."
msgstr ""
msgid "deadlock"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A situation in which two or more tasks (threads, processes, or coroutines) "
"wait indefinitely for each other to release resources or complete actions, "
"preventing any from making progress. For example, if thread A holds lock 1 "
"and waits for lock 2, while thread B holds lock 2 and waits for lock 1, both "
"threads will wait indefinitely. In Python this often arises from acquiring "
"multiple locks in conflicting orders or from circular join/await "
"dependencies. Deadlocks can be avoided by always acquiring multiple :term:"
"`locks <lock>` in a consistent order. See also :term:`lock` and :term:"
"`reentrant`."
msgstr ""
msgid "decorator"
msgstr "dekorator"
msgid ""
"A function returning another function, usually applied as a function "
"transformation using the ``@wrapper`` syntax. Common examples for "
"decorators are :func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The decorator syntax is merely syntactic sugar, the following two function "
"definitions are semantically equivalent::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"def f(arg):\n"
" ...\n"
"f = staticmethod(f)\n"
"\n"
"@staticmethod\n"
"def f(arg):\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The same concept exists for classes, but is less commonly used there. See "
"the documentation for :ref:`function definitions <function>` and :ref:`class "
"definitions <class>` for more about decorators."
msgstr ""
msgid "descriptor"
msgstr "deskryptor"
msgid ""
"Any object which defines the methods :meth:`~object.__get__`, :meth:`~object."
"__set__`, or :meth:`~object.__delete__`. When a class attribute is a "
"descriptor, its special binding behavior is triggered upon attribute "
"lookup. Normally, using *a.b* to get, set or delete an attribute looks up "
"the object named *b* in the class dictionary for *a*, but if *b* is a "
"descriptor, the respective descriptor method gets called. Understanding "
"descriptors is a key to a deep understanding of Python because they are the "
"basis for many features including functions, methods, properties, class "
"methods, static methods, and reference to super classes."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"For more information about descriptors' methods, see :ref:`descriptors` or "
"the :ref:`Descriptor How To Guide <descriptorhowto>`."
msgstr ""
msgid "dictionary"
msgstr "słownik"
msgid ""
"An associative array, where arbitrary keys are mapped to values. The keys "
"can be any object with :meth:`~object.__hash__` and :meth:`~object.__eq__` "
"methods. Called a hash in Perl."
msgstr ""
msgid "dictionary comprehension"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A compact way to process all or part of the elements in an iterable and "
"return a dictionary with the results. ``results = {n: n ** 2 for n in "
"range(10)}`` generates a dictionary containing key ``n`` mapped to value ``n "
"** 2``. See :ref:`comprehensions`."
msgstr ""
msgid "dictionary view"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The objects returned from :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values`, and :meth:"
"`dict.items` are called dictionary views. They provide a dynamic view on the "
"dictionary’s entries, which means that when the dictionary changes, the view "
"reflects these changes. To force the dictionary view to become a full list "
"use ``list(dictview)``. See :ref:`dict-views`."
msgstr ""
msgid "docstring"
msgstr "docstring"
msgid ""
"A string literal which appears as the first expression in a class, function "
"or module. While ignored when the suite is executed, it is recognized by "
"the compiler and put into the :attr:`~definition.__doc__` attribute of the "
"enclosing class, function or module. Since it is available via "
"introspection, it is the canonical place for documentation of the object."
msgstr ""
msgid "duck-typing"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A programming style which does not look at an object's type to determine if "
"it has the right interface; instead, the method or attribute is simply "
"called or used (\"If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it must be "
"a duck.\") By emphasizing interfaces rather than specific types, well-"
"designed code improves its flexibility by allowing polymorphic "
"substitution. Duck-typing avoids tests using :func:`type` or :func:"
"`isinstance`. (Note, however, that duck-typing can be complemented with :"
"term:`abstract base classes <abstract base class>`.) Instead, it typically "
"employs :func:`hasattr` tests or :term:`EAFP` programming."
msgstr ""
msgid "dunder"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An informal short-hand for \"double underscore\", used when talking about a :"
"term:`special method`. For example, ``__init__`` is often pronounced "
"\"dunder init\"."
msgstr ""
msgid "EAFP"
msgstr "EAFP"
msgid ""
"Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission. This common Python coding "
"style assumes the existence of valid keys or attributes and catches "
"exceptions if the assumption proves false. This clean and fast style is "
"characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`try` and :keyword:`except` "
"statements. The technique contrasts with the :term:`LBYL` style common to "
"many other languages such as C."
msgstr ""
msgid "expression"
msgstr "wyrażenie"
msgid ""
"A piece of syntax which can be evaluated to some value. In other words, an "
"expression is an accumulation of expression elements like literals, names, "
"attribute access, operators or function calls which all return a value. In "
"contrast to many other languages, not all language constructs are "
"expressions. There are also :term:`statement`\\s which cannot be used as "
"expressions, such as :keyword:`while`. Assignments are also statements, not "
"expressions."
msgstr ""
msgid "extension module"
msgstr "moduł rozszerzenia"
msgid ""
"A module written in C or C++, using Python's C API to interact with the core "
"and with user code."
msgstr ""
msgid "f-string"
msgstr "f-string"
msgid ""
"String literals prefixed with ``'f'`` or ``'F'`` are commonly called \"f-"
"strings\" which is short for :ref:`formatted string literals <f-strings>`. "
"See also :pep:`498`."
msgstr ""
msgid "file object"
msgstr "obiekt pliku"
msgid ""
"An object exposing a file-oriented API (with methods such as :meth:`!read` "
"or :meth:`!write`) to an underlying resource. Depending on the way it was "
"created, a file object can mediate access to a real on-disk file or to "
"another type of storage or communication device (for example standard input/"
"output, in-memory buffers, sockets, pipes, etc.). File objects are also "
"called :dfn:`file-like objects` or :dfn:`streams`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"There are actually three categories of file objects: raw :term:`binary files "
"<binary file>`, buffered :term:`binary files <binary file>` and :term:`text "
"files <text file>`. Their interfaces are defined in the :mod:`io` module. "
"The canonical way to create a file object is by using the :func:`open` "
"function."
msgstr ""
msgid "file-like object"
msgstr ""
msgid "A synonym for :term:`file object`."
msgstr ""
msgid "filesystem encoding and error handler"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Encoding and error handler used by Python to decode bytes from the operating "
"system and encode Unicode to the operating system."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The filesystem encoding must guarantee to successfully decode all bytes "
"below 128. If the file system encoding fails to provide this guarantee, API "
"functions can raise :exc:`UnicodeError`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` and :func:`sys."
"getfilesystemencodeerrors` functions can be used to get the filesystem "
"encoding and error handler."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` are configured at Python "
"startup by the :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function: see :c:member:`~PyConfig."
"filesystem_encoding` and :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` members of :"
"c:type:`PyConfig`."
msgstr ""
msgid "See also the :term:`locale encoding`."
msgstr ""
msgid "finder"
msgstr "wyszukiwarka"
msgid ""
"An object that tries to find the :term:`loader` for a module that is being "
"imported."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"There are two types of finder: :term:`meta path finders <meta path finder>` "
"for use with :data:`sys.meta_path`, and :term:`path entry finders <path "
"entry finder>` for use with :data:`sys.path_hooks`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"See :ref:`finders-and-loaders` and :mod:`importlib` for much more detail."
msgstr ""
msgid "floor division"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Mathematical division that rounds down to nearest integer. The floor "
"division operator is ``//``. For example, the expression ``11 // 4`` "
"evaluates to ``2`` in contrast to the ``2.75`` returned by float true "
"division. Note that ``(-11) // 4`` is ``-3`` because that is ``-2.75`` "
"rounded *downward*. See :pep:`238`."
msgstr ""
msgid "free threading"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A threading model where multiple threads can run Python bytecode "
"simultaneously within the same interpreter. This is in contrast to the :"
"term:`global interpreter lock` which allows only one thread to execute "
"Python bytecode at a time. See :pep:`703`."
msgstr ""
msgid "free variable"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Formally, as defined in the :ref:`language execution model <bind_names>`, a "
"free variable is any variable used in a namespace which is not a local "
"variable in that namespace. See :term:`closure variable` for an example. "
"Pragmatically, due to the name of the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` "
"attribute, the term is also sometimes used as a synonym for :term:`closure "
"variable`."
msgstr ""
msgid "function"
msgstr "funkcja"
msgid ""
"A series of statements which returns some value to a caller. It can also be "
"passed zero or more :term:`arguments <argument>` which may be used in the "
"execution of the body. See also :term:`parameter`, :term:`method`, and the :"
"ref:`function` section."
msgstr ""
msgid "function annotation"
msgstr ""
msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a function parameter or return value."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Function annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints <type hint>`: "
"for example, this function is expected to take two :class:`int` arguments "
"and is also expected to have an :class:`int` return value::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"def sum_two_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n"
" return a + b"
msgstr ""
msgid "Function annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`function`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"See :term:`variable annotation` and :pep:`484`, which describe this "
"functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-howto` for best practices on "
"working with annotations."
msgstr ""
msgid "__future__"
msgstr "__future__"
msgid ""
"A :ref:`future statement <future>`, ``from __future__ import <feature>``, "
"directs the compiler to compile the current module using syntax or semantics "
"that will become standard in a future release of Python. The :mod:"
"`__future__` module documents the possible values of *feature*. By "
"importing this module and evaluating its variables, you can see when a new "
"feature was first added to the language and when it will (or did) become the "
"default::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
">>> import __future__\n"
">>> __future__.division\n"
"_Feature((2, 2, 0, 'alpha', 2), (3, 0, 0, 'alpha', 0), 8192)"
msgstr ""
">>> import __future__\n"
">>> __future__.division\n"
"_Feature((2, 2, 0, 'alpha', 2), (3, 0, 0, 'alpha', 0), 8192)"
msgid "garbage collection"
msgstr "zbieranie śmieci"
msgid ""
"The process of freeing memory when it is not used anymore. Python performs "
"garbage collection via reference counting and a cyclic garbage collector "
"that is able to detect and break reference cycles. The garbage collector "
"can be controlled using the :mod:`gc` module."
msgstr ""
msgid "generator"
msgstr "generator"
msgid ""
"A function which returns a :term:`generator iterator`. It looks like a "
"normal function except that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for "
"producing a series of values usable in a for-loop or that can be retrieved "
"one at a time with the :func:`next` function."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Usually refers to a generator function, but may refer to a *generator "
"iterator* in some contexts. In cases where the intended meaning isn't "
"clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity."
msgstr ""
msgid "generator iterator"
msgstr ""
msgid "An object created by a :term:`generator` function."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the "
"execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements). "
"When the *generator iterator* resumes, it picks up where it left off (in "
"contrast to functions which start fresh on every invocation)."
msgstr ""
msgid "generator expression"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"An :term:`expression` that returns an :term:`iterator`. It looks like a "
"normal expression followed by a :keyword:`!for` clause defining a loop "
"variable, range, and an optional :keyword:`!if` clause. The combined "
"expression generates values for an enclosing function::"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
">>> sum(i*i for i in range(10)) # sum of squares 0, 1, 4, ... 81\n"
"285"
msgstr ""
msgid "generic function"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A function composed of multiple functions implementing the same operation "
"for different types. Which implementation should be used during a call is "
"determined by the dispatch algorithm."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"See also the :term:`single dispatch` glossary entry, the :func:`functools."
"singledispatch` decorator, and :pep:`443`."
msgstr ""
msgid "generic type"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"A :term:`type` that can be parameterized; typically a :ref:`container "
"class<sequence-types>` such as :class:`list` or :class:`dict`. Used for :"
"term:`type hints <type hint>` and :term:`annotations <annotation>`."
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"For more details, see :ref:`generic alias types<types-genericalias>`, :pep:"
"`483`, :pep:`484`, :pep:`585`, and the :mod:`typing` module."
msgstr ""
msgid "GIL"
msgstr "GIL"
msgid "See :term:`global interpreter lock`."
msgstr ""
msgid "global interpreter lock"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"The mechanism used by the :term:`CPython` interpreter to assure that only "
"one thread executes Python :term:`bytecode` at a time. This simplifies the "
"CPython implementation by making the object model (including critical built-"