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Chapter 7
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‎Ch7/coffee_order_decorator.py‎

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class CoffeeOrder:
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def __init__(self, recipe, to_go=False):
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self.recipe = recipe
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self.to_go = to_go
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def brew(self):
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vessel = "in a paper cup" if self.to_go else "in a mug"
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print("Brewing", *self.recipe.parts, vessel)
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class CoffeeRecipe:
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def __init__(self, parts):
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self.parts = parts
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special = CoffeeRecipe(["double-shot", "grande", "no-whip", "mocha"])
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order = CoffeeOrder(special, to_go=False)
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order.brew() # prints "Brewing double-shot grande no-whip mocha in a mug"
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import functools
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def auto_order(to_go):
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def decorator(cls):
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@functools.wraps(cls)
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def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
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recipe = cls(*args, **kwargs)
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return (CoffeeOrder(recipe, to_go), recipe)
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return wrapper
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return decorator
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@auto_order(to_go=True)
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class CoffeeShackRecipe(CoffeeRecipe):
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pass
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order, recipe = CoffeeShackRecipe(["tall", "decaf", "cappuccino"])
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order.brew() # prints "Brewing tall decaf cappuccino in a paper cup"

‎Ch7/global_coordinates.py‎

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from dis import dis
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import math
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class GlobalCoordinates:
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def __init__(self, *, latitude, longitude):
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self._lat_deg = latitude[0]
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self._lat_min = latitude[1]
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self._lat_sec = latitude[2]
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self._lat_dir = latitude[3]
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self._lon_deg = longitude[0]
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self._lon_min = longitude[1]
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self._lon_sec = longitude[2]
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self._lon_dir = longitude[3]
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@staticmethod
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def degrees_from_decimal(dec, *, lat):
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if lat:
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direction = "S" if dec < 0 else "N"
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else:
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direction = "W" if dec < 0 else "E"
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dec = abs(dec)
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degrees = int(dec)
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dec -= degrees
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minutes = int(dec * 60)
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dec -= minutes / 60
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seconds = round(dec * 3600, 1)
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return (degrees, minutes, seconds, direction)
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@staticmethod
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def decimal_from_degrees(degrees, minutes, seconds, direction):
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dec = degrees + minutes / 60 + seconds / 3600
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if direction == "S" or direction == "W":
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dec = -dec
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return round(dec, 6)
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@property
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def latitude(self):
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return self.decimal_from_degrees(
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self._lat_deg, self._lat_min, self._lat_sec, self._lat_dir
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)
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@property
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def longitude(self):
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return self.decimal_from_degrees(
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self._lon_deg, self._lon_min, self._lon_sec, self._lon_dir
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)
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def __repr__(self):
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return (
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f"<GlobalCoordinates "
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f"lat={self._lat_deg}°{self._lat_min}'"
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f"{self._lat_sec}\"{self._lat_dir} "
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f"lon={self._lon_deg}°{self._lon_min}'"
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f"{self._lon_sec}\"{self._lon_dir}>"
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)
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def __str__(self):
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return (
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f"{self._lat_deg}°{self._lat_min}'"
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f"{self._lat_sec}\"{self._lat_dir} "
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f"{self._lon_deg}°{self._lon_min}'"
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f"{self._lon_sec}\"{self._lon_dir}>"
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)
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def __hash__(self):
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return hash((
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self._lat_deg, self._lat_min, self._lat_sec, self._lat_dir,
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self._lon_deg, self._lon_min, self._lon_sec, self._lon_dir
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))
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def __eq__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, GlobalCoordinates):
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return NotImplemented
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return (
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self._lat_deg == other._lat_deg
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and self._lat_min == other._lat_min
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and self._lat_sec == other._lat_sec
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and self._lat_dir == other._lat_dir
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and self._lon_deg == other._lon_deg
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and self._lon_min == other._lon_min
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and self._lon_sec == other._lon_sec
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and self._lon_dir == other._lon_dir
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)
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def __sub__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, GlobalCoordinates):
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return NotImplemented
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lat_diff = self.latitude - other.latitude
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lon_diff = self.longitude - other.longitude
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return (lat_diff, lon_diff)
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def __invert__(self):
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return GlobalCoordinates(
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latitude=self.degrees_from_decimal(-self.latitude, lat=True),
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longitude=self.degrees_from_decimal(-self.longitude, lat=False)
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)
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def __call__(self, other):
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EARTH_RADIUS_KM = 6371
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distance_lat = math.radians(other.latitude - self.latitude)
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distance_lon = math.radians(other.longitude - self.longitude)
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lat = math.radians(self.latitude)
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lon = math.radians(self.longitude)
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a = (
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math.sin(distance_lat / 2)
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* math.sin(distance_lat / 2)
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+ math.sin(distance_lon)
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* math.sin(distance_lon / 2)
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* math.cos(lat)
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* math.cos(lon)
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)
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c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1-a))
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return c * EARTH_RADIUS_KM

‎Ch7/global_coordinates_usage.py‎

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from dis import dis
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from global_coordinates import GlobalCoordinates
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nsp = GlobalCoordinates(latitude=(37, 46, 32.6, "N"),
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longitude=(122, 24, 39.4, "W"))
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print(repr(nsp))
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print(f"No Starch Press's offices are at {nsp}")
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nostarch = GlobalCoordinates(latitude=(37, 46, 32.6, "N"),
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longitude=(122, 24, 39.4, "W"))
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psf = GlobalCoordinates(latitude=(45, 27, 7.7, "N"),
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longitude=(122, 47, 30.2, "W"))
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distance = nostarch(psf)
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print(distance) # 852.6857266443297

‎Ch7/message.py‎

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class Message:
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def __init__(self):
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self.__format = "UTF-8"
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msg = Message()
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# print(msg.__format) # AttributeError
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print(msg._Message__format)

‎Ch7/pattern_match_object.py‎

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class Pizza:
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def __init__(self, topping, second_topping=None):
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self.first = topping
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self.second = second_topping
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order = Pizza("pepperoni", "mushrooms")
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match order:
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case Pizza(first='pepperoni', second='mushroom'):
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print("ANSI standard pizza")
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case Pizza(first='pineapple'):
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print("Is this even pizza?")
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case Pizza(first=first, second='cheese'):
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print(f"Very cheesy pizza with {first}.")
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case Pizza(first=first, second=second):
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print(f"Pizza with {first} and {second}.")

‎Ch7/point.py‎

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class Point:
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__match_args__ = ('x_pos', 'y_pos', 'z_pos')
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def __init__(self, x, y, z):
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self.x_pos = x
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self.y_pos = y
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self.z_pos = z
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point = Point(0, 100, 0)
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match point:
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case Point(0, 0, 0):
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print("You are here.")
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case Point(0, _, 0):
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print("Look up!")

‎Ch7/secret_agent.py‎

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class SecretAgent:
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_codeword = ""
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def __init__(self, codename):
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self.codename = codename
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self._secrets = []
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def __del__(self):
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print(f"Agent {self.codename} has been disavowed!")
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def remember(self, secret):
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self._secrets.append(secret)
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@classmethod
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def inform(cls, codeword):
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cls._codeword = codeword
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@staticmethod
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def inquire(question):
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print("I know nothing.")

‎Ch7/secret_agent_disavow.py‎

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from secret_agent import SecretAgent
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weasel = SecretAgent("Weasel")
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del weasel

‎Ch7/secret_agent_property.py‎

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class SecretAgent:
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_codeword = ""
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def __init__(self, codename):
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self.codename = codename
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self._secrets = []
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def __del__(self):
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print(f"Agent {self.codename} has been disavowed!")
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def remember(self, secret):
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self._secrets.append(secret)
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@classmethod
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def inform(cls, codeword):
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cls._codeword = codeword
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@staticmethod
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def inquire(question):
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print("I know nothing.")
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@classmethod
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def _encrypt(cls, message, *, decrypt=False):
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code = sum(ord(c) for c in cls._codeword)
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if decrypt:
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code = -code
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return ''.join(chr(ord(m) + code) for m in message)
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# METHOD 1
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# def _getsecret(self):
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# return self._secrets[-1] if self._secrets else None
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# def _setsecret(self, value):
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# self._secrets.append(self._encrypt(value))
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# def _delsecret(self):
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# self._secrets = []
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# secret = property(fget=_getsecret, fset=_setsecret, fdel=_delsecret)
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# METHOD 2
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# secret = property()
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# @secret.getter
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# def secret(self):
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# return self._secrets[-1] if self._secrets else None
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# @secret.setter
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# def secret(self, value):
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# self._secrets.append(self._encrypt(value))
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# @secret.deleter
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# def secret(self):
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# self._secrets = []
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# METHOD 3
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@property
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def secret(self):
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return self._secrets[-1] if self._secrets else None
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@secret.setter
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def secret(self, value):
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self._secrets.append(self._encrypt(value))
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@secret.deleter
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def secret(self):
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self._secrets = []
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mouse = SecretAgent("Mouse")
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mouse.inform("Parmesano")
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print(mouse.secret) # prints "None"
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mouse.secret = "12345 Main Street"
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print(mouse.secret) # prints "ϗϘϙϚϛφϳЇЏДφϹКИЋЋК"
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mouse.secret = "555-1234"
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print(mouse.secret) # prints "ϛϛϛϓϗϘϙϚ"
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print(mouse._secrets) # prints two values
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del mouse.secret
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print(mouse._secrets) # prints empty list

‎Ch7/secret_agent_usage.py‎

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from secret_agent import SecretAgent
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mouse = SecretAgent("Mouse")
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armadillo = SecretAgent("Armadillo")
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fox = SecretAgent("Fox")
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# SecretAgent._codeword = "Parseman"
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# print(armadillo._codeword) # prints "Parmesan"
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# print(mouse._codeword) # prints "Parsesan"
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# mouse._codeword = "Cheese"
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# print(mouse._codeword) # prints "Cheese"
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# print(armadillo._codeword) # prints "Parmesan"
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mouse.remember(("42.864025, -72.568511"))
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SecretAgent.inform("The goose honks at midnight.")
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print(mouse._codeword) # prints "The goose honks at midnight."
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fox.inform("The duck quacks at midnight.")
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print(mouse._codeword) # prints "The duck quacks at midnight."

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