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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<title>选择排序 · 排序算法</title>
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<a href="./">
Introduction
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="1.bubbleSort.html">
<a href="1.bubbleSort.html">
冒泡排序
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.3" data-path="2.selectionSort.html">
<a href="2.selectionSort.html">
选择排序
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="3.insertionSort.html">
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插入排序
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="4.shellSort.html">
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希尔排序
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="5.mergeSort.html">
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归并排序
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快速排序
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堆排序
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计数排序
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桶排序
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基数排序
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<!-- Title -->
<h1>
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<a href="." >选择排序</a>
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
<h1 id="选择排序">选择排序</h1>
<p>选择排序是一种简单直观的排序算法，无论什么数据进去都是 O(n²) 的时间复杂度。所以用到它的时候，数据规模越小越好。唯一的好处可能就是不占用额外的内存空间了吧。</p>
<h2 id="1-算法步骤">1. 算法步骤</h2>
<ol>
<li><p>首先在未排序序列中找到最小（大）元素，存放到排序序列的起始位置</p>
</li>
<li><p>再从剩余未排序元素中继续寻找最小（大）元素，然后放到已排序序列的末尾。</p>
</li>
<li><p>重复第二步，直到所有元素均排序完毕。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="2-动图演示">2. 动图演示</h2>
<p><img src="res/selectionSort.gif" alt="动图演示"></p>
<h2 id="c语言实现">C语言实现</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-C"><span class="hljs-comment">//选择排序实现</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">select_sort</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> a[],<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> n)</span><span class="hljs-comment">//n为数组a的元素个数</span>
</span>{
<span class="hljs-comment">//进行N-1轮选择</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i<n<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>; i++)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> min_index = i;
<span class="hljs-comment">//找出第i小的数所在的位置</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> j=i+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>; j<n; j++)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(a[j] < a[min_index])
{
min_index = j;
}
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//将第i小的数，放在第i个位置；如果刚好，就不用交换</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>( i != min_index)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[min_index];
a[min_index] = temp;
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="3-javascript-代码实现">3. JavaScript 代码实现</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-js"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">selectionSort</span>(<span class="hljs-params">arr</span>) </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> len = arr.length;
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> minIndex, temp;
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i < len - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; i++) {
minIndex = i;
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> j = i + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; j < len; j++) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (arr[j] < arr[minIndex]) { <span class="hljs-comment">// 寻找最小的数</span>
minIndex = j; <span class="hljs-comment">// 将最小数的索引保存</span>
}
}
temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[minIndex];
arr[minIndex] = temp;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> arr;
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="4-python-代码实现">4. Python 代码实现</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">selectionSort</span><span class="hljs-params">(arr)</span>:</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(len(arr) - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>):
<span class="hljs-comment"># 记录最小数的索引</span>
minIndex = i
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(i + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, len(arr)):
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> arr[j] < arr[minIndex]:
minIndex = j
<span class="hljs-comment"># i 不是最小数时，将 i 和最小数进行交换</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i != minIndex:
arr[i], arr[minIndex] = arr[minIndex], arr[i]
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> arr
</code></pre>
<h2 id="5-go-代码实现">5. Go 代码实现</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> selectionSort(arr []<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) []<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> {
length := <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(arr)
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i < length<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>; i++ {
min := i
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j := i + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; j < length; j++ {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> arr[min] > arr[j] {
min = j
}
}
arr[i], arr[min] = arr[min], arr[i]
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> arr
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="6-java-代码实现">6. Java 代码实现</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">SelectionSort</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">IArraySort</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>[] sort(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>[] sourceArray) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception {
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 总共要经过 N-1 轮比较</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i < arr.length - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; i++) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> min = i;
<span class="hljs-comment">// 每轮需要比较的次数 N-i</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> j = i + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; j < arr.length; j++) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (arr[j] < arr[min]) {
<span class="hljs-comment">// 记录目前能找到的最小值元素的下标</span>
min = j;
}
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// 将找到的最小值和i位置所在的值进行交换</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (i != min) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> tmp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[min];
arr[min] = tmp;
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> arr;
}
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="7-php-代码实现">7. PHP 代码实现</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-php"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">selectionSort</span><span class="hljs-params">($arr)</span>
</span>{
$len = count($arr);
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ($i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; $i < $len - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; $i++) {
$minIndex = $i;
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ($j = $i + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; $j < $len; $j++) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ($arr[$j] < $arr[$minIndex]) {
$minIndex = $j;
}
}
$temp = $arr[$i];
$arr[$i] = $arr[$minIndex];
$arr[$minIndex] = $temp;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> $arr;
}
</code></pre>
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