/*Author: Sword Lord of the Lonely Peak
 *Date: 2020/05/29
 */

/*ECMAScript specification. 
 *Javascript is an intepreted language. 
 *Java is a compiled language. Thus Java and Javascript are not the same. 
 *Now for variables:
 *=> const means that the variable value cannot be reassign. 
 *=> Only const if you know that you will need not need to
 *   reassign the variable. 
 */

/*Variables*/

console.log('Hello World!');
console.log('Good Morning!'); 
let word1 = 'Dylan';
let word2 = 'LOL';
let num1 = 2; 
let num2 = 3; 
let isCool = true;
let isCool2 = false; 
const fullName = `${num1 + num2} ${word2}`; 
let example = 'Hello\n' + 'World';
let example2 = `${word1} ${word2}`;
console.log(example2); 
console.log(example); 
let name = 'DEATHLY'; 
console.log(name); 
let firstName = 'MOSH', secondName = 'FALLEN', thirdName = 'JIEN'; 
let example3 = `${firstName} ${secondName} ${thirdName}`;
let exNum = 20; 
let age = 30; 
let x = null; 
const x1 = null; 
const x2 = 4.5; 
const y = undefined;
let z; 
console.log(typeof firstName); //testing type!
console.log(age); 
console.log(example3); 
console.log(isCool); 

/*concatenation*/

console.log("My name is " + firstName + " and my age is " + age);
console.log(`My name is ${firstName} ${secondName} and my age is ${age}`); 
let hello = `My name is ${firstName} ${secondName} and my age is ${age}`;
const s = 'technology, computers, it, code';
console.log(hello);
console.log(hello.length); 
console.log(hello.toUpperCase()); 
console.log(hello.toLowerCase()); 
console.log(hello.substring(0,23).toUpperCase());
console.log(hello.split(''));
console.log(s.split(', ')); 

/*Arrays - variables that hold multiple values*/

const numbers = new Array(1,2,3,4,5); 
const fruits = ['apples', 'oranges', 'pears', true, 10];
console.log(fruits); 
console.log(numbers); 
fruits[5] = 'grapes';
fruits.push('mangos'); //adds mangos to the end. 
fruits.unshift('strawberries'); 
fruits.pop(); 
console.log(fruits); 
console.log(fruits[0]); 
console.log(Array.isArray(fruits)); 
console.log(fruits.indexOf('oranges')); 

/*Object literals*/

const person = {
    firstName1: 'John',
    lastName1: 'Doe',
    age: 30,
    hobbies: ['music', 'movies', 'sports'],
    address: {
        street:'50 main st',
        city: 'Boston',
        state: 'MA'
    }
}

console.log(person.firstName1, person.lastName1); 
console.log(person.hobbies[1]);
console.log(person.address.city); 

const { firstName1, lastName1, address: {city} } = person; 
console.log(firstName1, city);
person.email = 'john@gmail.com'; // adding properties. 
console.log(person); 

/*Array of objects*/ 

const todos = [{
    id: 1,
    text: 'Take out trash',
    isCompleted: true
}, 
{
    id: 2,
    text: 'Meeting with Boss',
    isCompleted: true
}, 
{
    id: 3,
    text: 'Dentist appointment',
    isCompleted: false
}]; 
console.log(todos); 
console.log(todos[1].text); //Gets the text found in index 1. 
console.log(todos[2].text); //Gets the text found in index 2. 

//This is how to send data to a server!
const todoJSON = JSON.stringify(todos); //This is to make array to JSON format. 
console.log(todoJSON); 

/*Loop*/ 

for(let i = 0; i <= 10; i++){
    console.log(`For LOOP number: ${i}`); 
}

console.log('\n'); 
let i = 0; 
while(i<10)
{
    console.log(`For LOOP number: ${i}`); 
    i++; 
}

console.log('\n'); 
for(let j = 0; j < todos.length; j++)
{
    console.log(todos[j].text); 
}

console.log('\n'); 
for(let todo of todos)
{
    console.log(todo.text); 
}

/*forEach, map, filter*/ 

console.log('\n');
todos.forEach(function(todo){
    console.log(todo.text); 
}); 

console.log('\n');
const todoText = todos.map(function(todo){
    return todo.text; 
});

console.log(todoText); 

console.log('\n');
const todoCompleted = todos.filter(function(todo){
    return todo.isCompleted == true; 
}).map(function(todo){
    return todo.text;
}); 

console.log(todoCompleted); 

/*Conditions*/

const x3 = 1;
const y3 = 21; 

if(x3 === 10 && y3 > 10) // === matches the datatypes and the value. 
{
    console.log('x is 10'); 
}
else if(x3 > 10)
{
    console.log('x is greater than 10');
}
else
{
    console.log('x is less than 10'); 
}


if(x3 > 5 || y3 > 10) // === matches the datatypes and the value. 
{
    console.log('y greater 10 and x is greater than 5'); 
}

/*Ternary Operator*/

let color = x > 10 ? 'red' : 'blue';

console.log(color); 

(color === 'red') ? console.log('The color is red') : console.log('The color is not red'); 

/*Switches*/ 

color = 'green'; 
switch(color)
{
    case 'red':
        console.log('The color is red!');
        break;
    case 'blue':
        console.log('The color is blue!');
        break; 
    default:
        console.log('The color is not red or blue!'); 
        break; 
}

/*Functions*/

function addNums(num1 = 1, num2 = 1){
    return (num1 + num2);
}

console.log(addNums(5, 45)); 

function addNums2(num1, num2){
    console.log(num1 + num2);
}

addNums2(5, 45); 

const addNums3 = (num1 = 1, num2 = 1) => { //Functions using arrow function (introducde in ES6)
    return num1 + num2; 
}

console.log(addNums3(5,45)); 

const addNums4 = (num1 = 1, num2 = 1) => num1 + num2; 

console.log(addNums4(5,45)); 

todos.forEach(todo => console.log('Hello')); 

/*Object Oriented Programming*/ 

//Constructor Function
//function Person(firstName, lastName, dob) {
    //this.firstName = firstName; 
    //this.lastName = lastName; 
    //this.dob = new Date(dob); 
    //this.getBirthYear = function(){
    //    return this.dob.getFullYear(); 
    //}
    //this.getFullName = function(){
    //    return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`; 
    //}
//}

//Person.prototype.getBirthYear = function() { //Prototype!
    //return this.dob.getFullYear(); 
//}

//Person.prototype.getFullName = function() {
    //return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`;
//}

class Person {
    constructor(firstName, lastName, dob)
    {
        this.firstName = firstName; 
        this.lastName = lastName; 
        this.dob = new Date(dob); 
    }
    getBirthYear(){
        return this.dob.getFullYear();
    }
    getFullName(){
        return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`; 
    }
}

//Instantiate Object 
const person1 = new Person('Nick', 'Doe', '4-3-1980'); 
const person2 = new Person('Mary', 'Smith', '3-6-1970'); 
console.log(person1.firstName, person1.lastName, 'is date of birth is', person1.dob); 
console.log(person2.firstName, person2.lastName, 'is date of birth is', person2.dob); 
console.log(person1);
console.log(person1.getFullName());
console.log(person1.getBirthYear());
console.log(person2);
console.log(person2.getFullName());
console.log(person2.getBirthYear()); 

/* % => Remainder*/ 

let remainder = 11 % 3;
if(remainder % 2 == 0)
    console.log('Even');
else if(remainder % 2 == 1)
    console.log('Odd'); 
else
    console.log('Number is neither odd or even!'); 

/*Escape Sequences in String*/

/*****
 * \' single quote
 * \" double quote
 * \\ backslash
 * \n newline
 * \r carriage return
 * \t tab
 * \b backspace
 * \f form feed
 ****/

var myString = '\'\"FirstLine\" \n \\ is shown \t tab \b backspace \f form feed\''; 
console.log(myString); 

/*Strings*/

var firstNameString = 'Ava';
var firstLetter = firstNameString[0];
console.log(firstLetter + ` is the first letter of the name ${firstNameString}!`);
var lastNameString = 'Herrman';
var lastNameIsLastLetter = lastNameString[lastNameString.length - 1]; // -1 is to get correct index of the last letter!
console.log(`The last letter of the name ${lastNameString} is ${lastNameIsLastLetter}!`);

/*Small Game*/ 

function wordBlanks(myNoun, myAdjective, myVerb, myAdverb)
{
    var result = "";
    result += "The" + " " + myAdjective + " " + myNoun + " " + myVerb + " to the store " + myAdverb + "."; 
    return result; 
}

console.log(wordBlanks("dog", "big", "ran", "quickly"));

/*Arrays*/ 

var myArray2 = [
    {
        id1: 12,
        isCompletedYet: true,
        isDeathYet: false,
        Name: "Gustave Rederick"
    },
    {
        id1: 13,
        isCompletedYet: true,
        isDeathYet: true,
        Name: "Gray Robbins"
    },
    {
        id1: 14,
        isCompletedYet: true,
        isDeathYet: false,
        Name: "June Green"
    }
];

let myArray3 = [["Hello", "20"]];

console.log(myArray2[0].Name + " status is he dead yet? " + myArray2[0].isDeathYet); 
console.log(myArray2[1].Name + " status is he dead yet? " + myArray2[1].isDeathYet); 
console.log(myArray2[2].Name + " status is he dead yet? " + myArray2[2].isDeathYet);
console.log(myArray3[0][0]); 

myArray3.push(["Death", "22"]); //Pushes the value at the end of the array.
console.log(myArray3); 
myArray3.unshift(["Strawberries", "20"]); //Pushes element to the beginning of the array.
myArray3.pop(); //Removes last element in an array.
console.log(myArray3); 

const a1 = [1,2,3,4]
const a2 = [1,'two', 3, null]; 
const a3 = [
    "What the hammer?",
    "In what furnace was thy brain?",
    "What the anvil? What dread grasp",
    "Dare its deadly terrors clasp?",
];

const a4 = [
    {name: "Ruby", hardness: 9},
    {name: "Diamond", hardness: 10}, 
    {name: "Topaz", hardness: 8},
];
console.log(a3[0]);
console.log(a4[0].name, a4[1].name, a4[2].name); 
console.log(a2[3]); 

/*Dates*/

const halloweenParty = new Date(2020, 9, 31, 19, 0); 
console.log(halloweenParty.getFullYear());
console.log(halloweenParty.getMonth());
console.log(halloweenParty.getDate());
console.log(halloweenParty.getHours());
console.log(halloweenParty.getMinutes());
console.log(halloweenParty.getSeconds());
console.log(halloweenParty.getMilliseconds());

/*Converting to Numbers*/ 

const numStr = "33.3"
const num = Number(numStr);
console.log("The number is " + num + "!"); 

const numConv = parseFloat("15.5 volts") //Always assume base 10!
const numConv2 = parseInt("3a", 16); //Hexadecimal, thus parse int at base 16. 
const numConv3 = parseInt ("16 volts", 10); //parse int at base 10.
console.log(`Number 1 is ${numConv}!`); 
console.log(`Number 2 is ${numConv2}!`); 
console.log(`Number 3 is ${numConv3}!`); 
const d = new Date();
const ts = d.valueOf(); //value of the date in miliseconds. 
console.log(ts); 

/*Converting Boolean to 1 or 0*/

const b = true; 
const n = b ? 1 : 0; 
console.log("The numerical value of the boolean variable b is " + n); 

/*Converting to String*/ 

const n2 = 33.5; 
const s2 = n2.toString(); 
console.log("The value of the number is " + n2 + " and its converted value is " + s2);

const arr = [1,true,"Hello"];
console.log(arr.toString()); //Converting array to string!

/*Converting to Boolean*/ 

const n3 = 0; 
const b1 = !!n3; //Converting numbers to boolean! 
const b2 = Boolean(n3); //Converting numbers to boolean! 

console.log(n3);
console.log(b1);
console.log(b2); 

/*Expressions*/ 

let x4, y4; 
x4 = 3*5; 
if(x4 == 15)
    x4 = y4 = 4*5 + 5*4;
else
    x4 = y4 = 15; 
console.log(x4.toString()); 
console.log(y4.toString());

/****
 * ^^Arithmetic Operators^^
 * a+b addition (also for string concatenation)
 * a-b subtraction 
 * a/b division
 * a*b multiplication
 * a%b remainder 
 * -a unary negation
 * +a unary plus
 * ++a pre-increment
 * a++ post-increment
 * --a pre-increment
 * a-- post-increment
 *****/

const x5 = 5;
const y5 = 3 - -x5; 
console.log(y5.toString());

const x6 = 6;
const y6 = 8 + -x6; 
console.log(y6.toString()); 

const x7 = 6;
const y7 = 8 + +x7; 
console.log(y7.toString()); 

const s5 = "5";
let w5 = Number(s5);
w5++;
console.log(w5); 

var a5 = 4; 
(a5%2==0) ? console.log("Even") : console.log("Odd"); 
a5++; 
(a5%10==0) ? console.log("Factor of 10!") : console.log("NOT a factor of 10!"); 

//Unary numbers in multiplication!
const x9=0, x10=3, x11=-1.5, x12=-6.33; 
const p1 = -x9*1; //-9
const p2 = +x10*2; //10
const p3 = +x11*3; //11
const p3 = -x12*4; //-25