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ACM-Reference-Format.bst
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3224 lines (2911 loc) · 91.4 KB
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%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%% @BibTeX-style-file{
%%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, Boris Veytsman and Gerald Murray",
%%% version = "2.1",
%%% acmart-version = "1.90",
%%% date = "Mar 26 2023",
%%% filename = "ACM-Reference-Format.bst",
%%% email = "borisv@lk.net, boris@varphi.com",
%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
%%% keywords = "ACM Transactions bibliography style; BibTeX",
%%% license = "public domain",
%%% supported = "yes",
%%% abstract = "",
%%% }
%%% ====================================================================
%%% Revision history: see source in git
ENTRY
{ address
advisor
archiveprefix
author
booktitle
chapter
city
date
edition
editor
eprint
eprinttype
eprintclass
howpublished
institution
journal
key
location
month
note
number
organization
pages
primaryclass
publisher
school
series
title
type
volume
year
% New keys recognized
issue % UTAH: used in, e.g., ACM SIGSAM Bulletin and ACM Communications in Computer Algebra
articleno
eid
day % UTAH: needed for newspapers, weeklies, bi-weeklies
doi % UTAH
url % UTAH
bookpages % UTAH
numpages
lastaccessed % UTAH: used only for @Misc{...}
coden % UTAH
isbn % UTAH
isbn-13 % UTAH
issn % UTAH
lccn % UTAH
distinctURL % whether to print url if doi is present
archived % Where the url is archived
venue % for presentations
}
{}
{ label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label basic.label.year}
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
INTEGERS { show-isbn-10-and-13 } % initialized below in begin.bib
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
INTEGERS { multiresult }
INTEGERS { len }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
STRINGS { s t t.org u }
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
STRINGS { p1 p2 p3 page.count }
FUNCTION { not }
{
{ #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
FUNCTION { and }
{
'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION { or }
{
{ pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION { dump.stack.1 }
{
duplicate$ "STACK[top] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
}
FUNCTION { dump.stack.2 }
{
duplicate$ "STACK[top ] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
swap$
duplicate$ "STACK[top-1] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
swap$
}
FUNCTION { empty.or.unknown }
{
%% Examine the top stack entry, and push 1 if it is empty, or
%% consists only of whitespace, or is a string beginning with two
%% queries (??), and otherwise, push 0.
%%
%% This function provides a replacement for empty$, with the
%% convenient feature that unknown values marked by two leading
%% queries are treated the same as missing values, and thus, do not
%% appear in the output .bbl file, and yet, their presence in .bib
%% file(s) serves to mark values which are temporarily missing, but
%% are expected to be filled in eventually once more data is
%% obtained. The TeX User Group and BibNet bibliography archives
%% make extensive use of this practice.
%%
%% An empty string cannot serve the same purpose, because just as in
%% statistics data processing, an unknown value is not the same as an
%% empty value.
%%
%% At entry: stack = ... top:[string]
%% At exit: stack = ... top:[0 or 1]
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ #1 }
{ #1 #2 substring$ "??" = }
if$
}
FUNCTION { empty.or.zero }
{
%% Examine the top entry and push 1 if it is empty, or is zero
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ #1 }
{ "0" = }
if$
}
FUNCTION { writeln }
{
%% In BibTeX style files, the sequences
%%
%% ... "one" "two" output
%% ... "one" "two" output.xxx
%%
%% ship "one" to the output file, possibly following by punctuation,
%% leaving the stack with
%%
%% ... "two"
%%
%% There is thus a one-string lag in output processing that must be
%% carefully handled to avoid duplicating a string in the output
%% file. Unless otherwise noted, all output.xxx functions leave
%% just one new string on the stack, and that model should be born
%% in mind when reading or writing function code.
%%
%% BibTeX's asynchronous buffering of output from strings from the
%% stack is confusing because newline$ bypasses the buffer. It
%% would have been so much easier for newline to be a character
%% rather than a state of the output-in-progress.
%%
%% The documentation in btxhak.dvi is WRONG: it says
%%
%% newline$ Writes onto the bbl file what's accumulated in the
%% output buffer. It writes a blank line if and only
%% if the output buffer is empty. Since write$ does
%% reasonable line breaking, you should use this
%% function only when you want a blank line or an
%% explicit line break.
%%
%% write$ Pops the top (string) literal and writes it on the
%% output buffer (which will result in stuff being
%% written onto the bbl file when the buffer fills
%% up).
%%
%% Examination of the BibTeX source code shows that write$ does
%% indeed behave as claimed, but newline$ sends a newline character
%% directly to the output file, leaving the stack unchanged. The
%% first line "Writes onto ... buffer." is therefore wrong.
%%
%% The original BibTeX style files almost always use "write$ newline$"
%% in that order, so it makes sense to hide that pair in a private
%% function like this one, named after a statement in Pascal,
%% the programming language embedded in the BibTeX Web program.
write$ % output top-of-stack string
newline$ % immediate write of newline (not via stack)
}
FUNCTION { init.state.consts }
{
#0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}
FUNCTION { output.nonnull }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<comma><space>
's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{
", " * write$
}
{
output.state after.block =
{
add.period$ writeln
"\newblock " write$
}
{
output.state before.all =
{
write$
}
{
add.period$ " " * write$
}
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION { output.nonnull.dot.space }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<dot><space>
's :=
output.state mid.sentence = % { "<DEBUG output.nonnull.dot.space>. " * write$ }
{
". " * write$
}
{
output.state after.block =
{
add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
}
{
output.state before.all =
{
write$
}
{
add.period$ " " * write$
}
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION { output.nonnull.remove }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<space>
's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{
" " * write$
}
{
output.state after.block =
{
add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
}
{
output.state before.all =
{
write$
}
{
add.period$ " " * write$
}
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION { output.nonnull.removenospace }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S
's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{
"" * write$
}
{
output.state after.block =
{
add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
}
{
output.state before.all =
{
write$
}
{
add.period$ " " * write$
}
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION { output }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.dot.space }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.dot.space
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
'pop$
'output.nonnull.dot.space
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.removenospace }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.removenospace
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
'pop$
'output.nonnull.removenospace
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.check }
{ % like output, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set
't :=
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION { bibinfo.output.check }
{ % like output.check, adding bibinfo field
't :=
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
{ "\bibinfo{" t "}{" * * swap$ * "}" *
output.nonnull }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.check.dot.space }
{ % like output.dot.space, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set
't :=
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull.dot.space
if$
}
FUNCTION { fin.block }
{ % functionally, but not logically, identical to fin.entry
add.period$
writeln
}
FUNCTION { fin.entry }
{
add.period$
writeln
}
FUNCTION { new.sentence }
{ % update sentence state, with neither output nor stack change
output.state after.block =
'skip$
{
output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { fin.sentence }
{
add.period$
write$
new.sentence
""
}
FUNCTION { new.block }
{
output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.coden } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty CODEN as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
coden empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\showCODEN{" coden * "}" * writeln }
if$
}
%
% Sometimes articleno starts with the word 'Article' or 'Paper.
% (this is a bug of acmdl, sigh)
% We strip them. We assume eid or articleno is already on stack
%
FUNCTION { strip.articleno.or.eid }
{
't :=
t #1 #7 substring$ "Article" =
{t #8 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t #1 #7 substring$ "article" =
{t #8 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t #1 #5 substring$ "Paper" =
{t #6 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t #1 #5 substring$ "paper" =
{t #6 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
% Strip any left trailing space or ~
t #1 #1 substring$ " " =
{t #2 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t #1 #1 substring$ "~" =
{t #2 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t
}
FUNCTION { format.articleno }
{
articleno empty.or.unknown not eid empty.or.unknown not and
{ "Both articleno and eid are defined for " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
{ "" }
{
numpages empty.or.unknown
{ "articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in "
cite$ * warning$ }
{ }
if$
eid empty.or.unknown
{ "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" articleno strip.articleno.or.eid * "}" * }
{ "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" eid strip.articleno.or.eid * "}" * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.year }
{ % push year string or "[n.\,d.]" onto output stack
%% Because year is a mandatory field, we always force SOMETHING
%% to be output. If we do not know year but know date, we push date
%% as the last resort
"\bibinfo{year}{"
year empty.or.unknown
{ date empty.or.unknown
{ "[n.\,d.]" }
{ date #1 #4 substring$ }
if$
}
{ year }
if$
* "}" *
}
FUNCTION { format.day.month }
{ % push "day month " or "month " or "" onto output stack
day empty.or.unknown
{
month empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "\bibinfo{date}{" month * "} " *}
if$
}
{
month empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "\bibinfo{date}{" day * " " * month * "} " *}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.day.month.year } % UTAH
{ % if month is empty, push "" else push "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)"
% Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.)
% acm-*.bst addition: prefix parenthesized date string with
% ", Article nnn "
articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
{ "" }
{ output.state after.block =
{", " format.articleno * }
{ format.articleno }
if$
}
if$
" (" * format.day.month * format.year * ")" *
}
FUNCTION { output.day.month.year } % UTAH
{ % if month is empty value, do nothing; else output stack top and
% leave with new top string "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)"
% Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.)
format.day.month.year
output.nonnull.remove
}
FUNCTION { strip.doi } % UTAH
{ % Strip any Web address prefix to recover the bare DOI, leaving the
% result on the output stack, as recommended by CrossRef DOI
% documentation.
% For example, reduce "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1534530.1534545" to
% "10.1145/1534530.1534545". A suitable URL is later typeset and
% displayed as the LAST item in the reference list entry. Publisher Web
% sites wrap this with a suitable link to a real URL to resolve the DOI,
% and the master https://doi.org/ address is preferred, since publisher-
% specific URLs can disappear in response to economic events. All
% journals are encouraged by the DOI authorities to use that typeset
% format and link procedures for uniformity across all publications that
% include DOIs in reference lists.
% The numeric prefix is guaranteed to start with "10.", so we use
% that as a test.
% 2017-02-04 Added stripping of https:// (Boris)
doi #1 #3 substring$ "10." =
{ doi }
{
doi 't := % get modifiable copy of DOI
% Change https:// to http:// to strip both prefixes (BV)
t #1 #8 substring$ "https://" =
{ "http://" t #9 t text.length$ #8 - substring$ * 't := }
{ }
if$
t #1 #7 substring$ "http://" =
{
t #8 t text.length$ #7 - substring$ 't :=
"INTERNAL STYLE-FILE ERROR" 's :=
% search for next "/" and assign its suffix to s
{ t text.length$ }
{
t #1 #1 substring$ "/" =
{
% save rest of string as true DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy)
t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 's :=
"" 't := % empty string t terminates the loop
}
{
% discard first character and continue loop: t <= substring(t,2,last)
t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
% check for valid DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy)
s #1 #3 substring$ "10." =
{ }
{ "unrecognized DOI substring " s * " in DOI value [" * doi * "]" * warning$ }
if$
s % push the stripped DOI on the output stack
}
{
"unrecognized DOI value [" doi * "]" * warning$
doi % push the unrecognized original DOI on the output stack
}
if$
}
if$
}
%
% Change by BV: added standard prefix to URL
%
FUNCTION { output.doi } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty DOI as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
doi empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\href{https://doi.org/" strip.doi * "}{doi:\nolinkurl{" *
strip.doi * "}}" * writeln
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.isbn } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty ISBN-10 and/or ISBN-13 as one-line sentences (stack untouched)
show-isbn-10-and-13
{
%% show both 10- and 13-digit ISBNs
isbn empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln
}
if$
isbn-13 empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln
}
if$
}
{
%% show 10-digit ISBNs only if 13-digit ISBNs not available
isbn-13 empty.or.unknown
{
isbn empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln
}
if$
}
{
"\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.issn } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty ISSN as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
issn empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\showISSN{" issn * "}" * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.issue }
{ % output non-empty issue number as a one-line sentence (stack untouched)
issue empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "Issue " issue * "." * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.lccn } % UTAH
{ % return with stack untouched
lccn empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\showLCCN{" lccn * "}" * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.note } % UTAH
{ % return with stack empty
note empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\shownote{" note * "}" add.period$ * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.note.check } % UTAH
{ % return with stack empty
note empty.or.unknown
{ "empty note in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ "\shownote{" note * "}" add.period$ * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.eprint } %
{ % return with stack empty
eprint empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\showeprint"
archiveprefix empty.or.unknown
{ eprinttype empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "[" eprinttype "]" * * * }
if$
}
{ "[" archiveprefix "l" change.case$ "]" * * * }
if$
"{" eprint "}" * * *
primaryclass empty.or.unknown
{ eprintclass empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "~[" eprintclass "]" * * * }
if$
}
{ "~[" primaryclass "]" * * * }
if$
writeln
}
if$
}
%
% Changes by BV 2011/04/15. Do not output
% url if doi is defined
%
%
% Changes by BV 2021/11/26. Output url even if doi is defined
% if distinctURL is not zero.
%
FUNCTION { output.url } % UTAH
{ % return with stack untouched
% output URL and associated lastaccessed fields
doi empty.or.unknown distinctURL empty.or.zero not or
{
url empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ new.sentence
%% Use \urldef, outside \showURL, so that %nn, #, etc in URLs work
%% correctly. Put the actual URL on its own line to reduce the
%% likelihood of BibTeX's nasty line wrapping after column 79.
%% \url{} can undo this, but if that doesn't work for some reason
%% the .bbl file would have to be repaired manually.
"\urldef\tempurl%" writeln
"\url{" url * "}" * writeln
"\showURL{%" writeln
lastaccessed empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "Retrieved " lastaccessed * " from " * }
if$
"\tempurl" *
archived empty.or.unknown
{ }
{"\urldef\tempurla%" writeln
"\url{" archived * "}%" * writeln
", archived at [\tempurla]" *
}
if$
"}" * writeln
}
if$
}
{ }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.year.check }
{ % warn if year empty, output top string and leave " YEAR<label>" on stack in mid-sentence
year empty.or.unknown
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$
date empty.or.unknown
{
"using n.d. in " cite$ * warning$
write$
" \bibinfo{year}{[n.\,d.]}"
"\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * *
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
{
"using date in " cite$ * warning$
write$
" \bibinfo{year}{" date #1 #4 substring$ * "}" *
"\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * *
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
}
{ write$
" \bibinfo{year}{" year * "}" *
"\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * *
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { le }
{
%% test whether first number is less than or equal to second number
%% stack in: n1 n2
%% stack out: if n1 <= n2 then 1 else 0
%% "DEBUG: le " cite$ * warning$
> { #0 } { #1 } if$
}
FUNCTION { ge }
{
%% test whether first number is greater than or equal to second number
%% stack in: n1 n2
%% stack out: if n1 >= n2 then 1 else 0
%% "DEBUG: ge " cite$ * warning$
< { #0 } { #1 } if$
}
FUNCTION { is.leading.digit }
{
%% test whether first character of string is a digit
%% stack in: string
%% stack out: if first-char-is-digit then 1 else 0
#1 #1 substring$ % replace string by string[1:1]
duplicate$ % string[1:1] string[1:1]
chr.to.int$
"0" chr.to.int$ swap$ le % "0" <= string[1:1] --> 0-or-1
swap$ % 0-or-1 string[1:1]
chr.to.int$
"9" chr.to.int$ le % string[1:1} <= "9" --> 0-or-1
and
}
FUNCTION { skip.digits }
{
%% skip over leading digits in string
%% stack in: string
%% stack out: rest-of-string leading-digits
%% "DEBUG: enter skip.digits " cite$ * warning$
%% dump.stack.1
duplicate$
't :=
't.org :=
"" 'u :=
{ t text.length$ }
{
%% "=================DEBUG: skip.digits t = [" t * "]" * warning$
t is.leading.digit
{ t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ }
{
t 'u :=
""
}
if$
't :=
}
while$
u % rest of string
t.org #1 t.org text.length$ u text.length$ - substring$ % leading digits
%% "DEBUG: t.org = [" t.org * "]" * warning$
%% "DEBUG: u = [" u * "]" * warning$
%% dump.stack.2
%% "DEBUG: leave skip.digits " cite$ * warning$
}
FUNCTION { skip.nondigits }
{
%% skip over leading nondigits in string
%% stack in: string
%% stack out: rest-of-string
%% "DEBUG: enter skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$
't :=
"" 'u :=
{ t text.length$ }
{
%% "=================DEBUG: skip.nondigits t = [" t * "]" * warning$
t is.leading.digit
{
t 'u :=
""
}
{ t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ }
if$
't :=
}
while$
u % rest of string
%% dump.stack.1
%% "DEBUG: leave skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$
}
FUNCTION { parse.next.number }
{
%% stack in: string
%% stack out: rest-of-string next-numeric-part-of-string
%% Example:
%% stack in: "123:1--123:59"
%% stack out: ":1--123:59" "123"
's :=
s skip.nondigits 's :=
s skip.digits
}
FUNCTION { reduce.pages.to.page.count }
{
%% Stack in: arbitrary-and-unused
%% Stack out: unchanged
%%
%% For the new-style pagination with article number and numpages or
%% pages, we expect to have BibTeX entries containing something like
%% articleno = "17",
%% pages = "1--23",
%% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
%% or
%% articleno = "17",
%% numpages = "23",
%% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
%% or
%% articleno = "17",
%% pages = "17:1--17:23",
%% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
%%
%% If articleno is missing or empty, then we should output "1--23",
%% "23" (with a warning of a missing articleno), or "17:1--17:23",
%% respectively.
%% "DEBUG: enter reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$
%% "DEBUG: pages = [" pages * "]" * warning$
pages
parse.next.number 'p1 :=
parse.next.number 'p2 :=
parse.next.number 'p3 :=
parse.next.number 'page.count :=
duplicate$
empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
duplicate$ "unexpected trailing garbage [" swap$ *
"] after n:p1--n:p2 in pages = [" *
pages *
"] in " *
cite$ *
warning$
}
if$
pop$
%% "DEBUG: reduce.pages.to.page.count: "
%% " p1 = " p1 * *
%% " p2 = " p2 * *
%% " p3 = " p3 * *
%% " p4 = " page.count * *
%% " in " cite$ * * warning$