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1 | | -学习笔记 |
| 1 | +## 1 敲代码,看代码,改进,持续改进的过程 |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +### 1.1 生成式 [ ] |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | + [num for num in range(8)] |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +```python |
| 8 | +>>> [[i] for i in range(10)] |
| 9 | +[[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]] |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +2、将两个嵌套for循环写成一个列表生成式 |
| 12 | +如,有一个嵌套列表,a=[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]],要提取列表里的每一个元素 |
| 13 | +用for循环处理: |
| 14 | +for i in a: |
| 15 | + for j in i: |
| 16 | + print(j) |
| 17 | +>>> [j for i in a for j in i] # 先写外循环,后写内循环 !!! |
| 18 | +[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] |
| 19 | +>>> [j for j in i for i in a] |
| 20 | +Traceback (most recent call last): |
| 21 | + File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> |
| 22 | +NameError: name 'i' is not defined # 否则报错: |
| 23 | +``` |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | + https://www.cnblogs.com/heyyw1119/p/8711462.html |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +[ Python基础知识--Slice(切片)和Comprehensions(生成式)](https://www.cnblogs.com/heyyw1119/p/8711462.html) |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +### 1.2 max, min, sum |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | + max_profit = (max_profit, (profit - min_buy_price)) |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | + return sum(max(prices[i + 1] - prices[i], 0) for i in range(len(prices) - 1)) |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +### 1.3 |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | +```python |
| 38 | + elif ten > 0: # 直接写即可 |
| 39 | + # 收一个20美元,两种找零方法:5+10 和 5*3,优先找大额的 |
| 40 | + ten -= 1 |
| 41 | + five -= 1 |
| 42 | + else: |
| 43 | + five -= 3 |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | + # elif bill = 20: |
| 46 | + # # 收一个20美元,两种找零方法:5+10 和 5*3,优先找大额的 |
| 47 | + # if ten > 0: |
| 48 | + # ten -= 1 |
| 49 | + # five -= 1 |
| 50 | + # else: |
| 51 | + # five -= 3 |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | +``` |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +## 2 错误整理 |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +nums[mid] and mid |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +## 3 复杂度总结 |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +线性N |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +跳跃遍历logN |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +傻递归2^N |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +排序nlogN |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +## 4 贪心算法 |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +真实场景:每一步最好,整体不一定最好 |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | +因此需要证明:其成立 |
| 80 | + |
| 81 | +可以做为辅助算法:最小生成树、 |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | + |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +贪心算法:不回退,每一步(子问题)都找到当前状态下,最好或最优的选择,从而得出全局最好或最优的算法 |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +动态规划:回退,保存之前的运算结果,和当前最好的选择,二者比较,择优录取。 |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +贪心:【每一步做出最优判断】 |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +回溯:【回退:清除数据】 |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +动态规划:【每一步做出最优判断 + 回退 = 二者比较,择优录取】 |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +**使用场景:** |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +从前向后、从后向前 |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | +证明可以用贪心 |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +## 5 二分查找 |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +### 模板 |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | +```python |
| 112 | +# 二分查找 |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | +left, right = 0, len(List) - 1 |
| 115 | +while left <= right: # <= |
| 116 | + mid = (left + right)//2 |
| 117 | + if List[mid] == target: |
| 118 | + # find the target |
| 119 | + break or return result |
| 120 | + elif List[mid] > target: |
| 121 | + right = mid -1 |
| 122 | + else: |
| 123 | + left = mid + 1 |
| 124 | +``` |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +### 适用条件 |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | +单调数组(递增或递减) 【否则就只能遍历了】 |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +存在上下界(bounded)【有边界,向中间收缩】 |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | +通过索引访问(index accessible ) |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | + |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +## 6 BFS DFS |
| 137 | + |
| 138 | +**DFS:**用递归、栈 |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | +recursion |
| 141 | + |
| 142 | +```python |
| 143 | +visited = set() |
| 144 | + |
| 145 | +def dfs(node, visited): |
| 146 | + if node in visited: # terminator |
| 147 | + # already visited |
| 148 | + return |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | + visited.add(node) |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | + # process current node here. |
| 153 | + ... |
| 154 | + for next_node in node.children(): |
| 155 | + if next_node not in visited: |
| 156 | + dfs(next_node, visited) |
| 157 | +``` |
| 158 | + |
| 159 | +stack |
| 160 | + |
| 161 | +```python |
| 162 | +def DFS(self, tree): |
| 163 | + if tree.root is None: |
| 164 | + return [] |
| 165 | + |
| 166 | + visited, stack = [], [tree.root] |
| 167 | + |
| 168 | + while stack: |
| 169 | + node = stack.pop() |
| 170 | + visited.add(node) |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | + process(node) |
| 173 | + nodes = generate_related_nodes(node) |
| 174 | + stack.push(nodes) |
| 175 | + |
| 176 | + # other processing work |
| 177 | + ... |
| 178 | +``` |
| 179 | + |
| 180 | +**BFS:**用队列 |
| 181 | + |
| 182 | +```python |
| 183 | +# BFS |
| 184 | +def BFS(graph, start, end): |
| 185 | + visited = set() |
| 186 | + queue = [] |
| 187 | + queue.append([start]) |
| 188 | + |
| 189 | + while queue: |
| 190 | + node = queue.pop() |
| 191 | + visited.add(node) |
| 192 | + |
| 193 | + processs(node) |
| 194 | + nodes = generate_related_nodes(node) |
| 195 | + queue.push(nodes) |
| 196 | + |
| 197 | + # other processing word |
| 198 | + ... |
| 199 | +``` |
| 200 | + |
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