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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2016/08/08/appWithRest-12/" itemprop="url">
iOS Apps with REST APIs(十二) -- 视图控制器切换及数组、日期格式的JSON解析
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<p>重要说明: 这是一个系列教程,非本人原创,而是翻译国外的一个教程。本人也在学习Swift,看到这个教程对开发一个实际的APP非常有帮助,所以翻译共享给大家。原教程非常长,我会陆续翻译并发布,欢迎交流与分享。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>到目前为止我们的Swift应用具有的功能有:</p>
<ul>
<li>使用<a href="https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire">Alamofire</a>框架通过<a href="https://developer.github.com/v3/gists/">GitHub Gists API</a>获取数据</li>
<li>使用自定义响应序列化将JSON数据解析为Gist对象数组</li>
<li>将结果显示在表格视图中,并通过URL加载图片</li>
<li>可以让用户选择3种不同的列表</li>
<li>滚动加载更多</li>
<li>下拉刷新</li>
</ul>
<p>在本章中我们将添加更多“实际”可用的功能,这些功能包含:</p>
<ul>
<li>从JSON中解析对象数组(这里需要解析的是文件列表)以及日期解析(使用<code>NSDateFormatter</code>)</li>
<li>表格视图与详情视图之间的数据传递,当用户在列表中点击一行时将在详情视图中打开该Gist,并显示更详细的数据</li>
<li>使用代码创建一个新的视图控制器,用来显示Gist中的文件内容。当用户点击文件名称时将在一个web视图中显示该文件的内容</li>
</ul>
<p>后面两个功能使用了不同的方式进行视图控制器的切换。到详细视图的转换使用了segue,到文件内容视图的转换则使用了导航控制器将一个新的视图控制器压入栈中。</p>
<h2 id="JSON解析:数组和日期"><a href="#JSON解析:数组和日期" class="headerlink" title="JSON解析:数组和日期"></a>JSON解析:数组和日期</h2><p>当我们的APP启动时,就会通过API调用获取一个JSON格式的Gist列表,然后通过我们自定义的响应序列化将JSON数据转换成<code>Gist</code>对象。到目前为止,我们仅仅解析了JSON数据中的字符串,接下来我们将解析JSON数据中的文件数组及Gist的创建日期和最后更新日期。</p>
<p>首先在<code>Gist</code>类中增加几个属性:</p>
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iOS Apps with REST APIs(十一) -- 列表切换
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<blockquote>
<p>重要说明: 这是一个系列教程,非本人原创,而是翻译国外的一个教程。本人也在学习Swift,看到这个教程对开发一个实际的APP非常有帮助,所以翻译共享给大家。原教程非常长,我会陆续翻译并发布,欢迎交流与分享。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>我们之前定义的需求是可以在公共列表、收藏列表和我的列表这三个不同的列表中进行切换。那么下面让我们看看如何在一个视图中完成这三个列表的切换。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>分析你的需求看看需要哪些用户组件。通读本章,把本章作为一个处理多个返回相似列表调用的例子。这些相似的代码可以用来过滤或者搜索使用。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="构建用户界面"><a href="#构建用户界面" class="headerlink" title="构建用户界面"></a>构建用户界面</h2><p>调用这三种列表的API函数前面我们已经编写好了。我们现在就是想办法把它们与用户交互界面连接起来。其实在多个gists列表切换还是非常容易实现。其中<code>UISegmentedControl</code>控件就可以做到。在主故事板中把一个<code>segmented control</code>拖到<code>MasterViewController</code>的导航栏中:</p>
<div style="text-align: center"><br><img src="http://o6pjjbgcb.bkt.clouddn.com/rest_410.png?imageView2/0/w/600" style="width:600px"/><br></div>
<p>然后将<code>Segment</code>修改为3:</p>
<div style="text-align: center"><br><img src="http://o6pjjbgcb.bkt.clouddn.com/rest_420.png?imageView2/0/w/400" style="width:320px"/><br></div>
<p>将标题按顺序修改为”Public”、”Starred”和“My Gists”:</p>
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iOS Apps with REST APIs(九) -- 基于OAuth2.0认证(中)
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2016-08-02
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<p>重要说明: 这是一个系列教程,非本人原创,而是翻译国外的一个教程。本人也在学习Swift,看到这个教程对开发一个实际的APP非常有帮助,所以翻译共享给大家。原教程非常长,我会陆续翻译并发布,欢迎交流与分享。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="OAuth2-0"><a href="#OAuth2-0" class="headerlink" title="OAuth2.0"></a>OAuth2.0</h2><p>OAuth2.0在当前是使用非常普遍的认证方式。它可以让你在不用把密码给每一个应用,也不用为每一个应用创建新的账号情况下登录。如果你对OAuth2.0还不熟悉的话,可以看看这篇文档<a href="https://www.raywenderlich.com/99431/OAuth-2-with-swift-tutorial">OAuth-2-with-swift-tutorial</a>。这里我们大致讲一下OAuth2.0的工作原理。<br>假如你要让一个iOS App可以访问你Twitter账户中的一些权限,那么OAuth2.0的认证流程如下:</p>
<ol>
<li>App将带你去Twitter进行登录</li>
<li>你在Twitter上进行登录并授权给App(或许只授有限的权限)</li>
<li>Twitter将带你再次回到原来的App,并返回一个令牌(Token)给App使用</li>
</ol>
<p>这个流程对你来说可能有些迷惑(事实上,这里还有一些其它额外步骤,后面我们会添加进来),但这意味着iOS App永远都不会知道你的密码。而且也允许你在不修改Twitter密码的情况下取消对App的授权。</p>
<p>所以,当你打算使用OAuth2.0进行认证的时候,第一件事就是构建一个登录流程来获取令牌。因此,下面让我们完成这件事。</p>
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iOS Apps with REST APIs(十) -- 基于OAuth2.0认证(下)
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<p>重要说明: 这是一个系列教程,非本人原创,而是翻译国外的一个教程。本人也在学习Swift,看到这个教程对开发一个实际的APP非常有帮助,所以翻译共享给大家。原教程非常长,我会陆续翻译并发布,欢迎交流与分享。</p>
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<h2 id="显示查询结果"><a href="#显示查询结果" class="headerlink" title="显示查询结果"></a>显示查询结果</h2><p>那么该如何在表视图中显示这些Gists呢?之前我们已经能够在表视图中显示公共的Gists列表,所以这里我们只需要切换它,用来显示我们收藏的Gists列表即可。</p>
<p>这是我们之前用来获取公共Gists的代码(还包含了分页、下拉刷新等功能):</p>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">getGists</span><span class="params">(urlRequest: URLRequestConvertible, completionHandler: </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="params">(Result<[Gist], NSError>, String?)</span></span></span> -> <span class="type">Void</span>) { </span><br><span class="line"> alamofireManager.request(urlRequest)</span><br><span class="line"> .validate()</span><br><span class="line"> .responseArray { (response:<span class="type">Response</span><[<span class="type">Gist</span>], <span class="type">NSError</span>>) <span class="keyword">in</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">guard</span> response.result.error == <span class="literal">nil</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">let</span> gists = response.result.value <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(response.result.error) </span><br><span class="line"> completionHandler(response.result, <span class="literal">nil</span>) </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// need to figure out if this is the last page</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// check the link header, if present</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">let</span> next = <span class="keyword">self</span>.getNextPageFromHeaders(response.response) </span><br><span class="line"> completionHandler(.<span class="type">Success</span>(gists), next)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">getPublicGists</span><span class="params">(pageToLoad: String?, completionHandler: </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="params">(Result<[Gist], NSError>, String?)</span></span></span> -> <span class="type">Void</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="keyword">let</span> urlString = pageToLoad {</span><br><span class="line"> getGists(<span class="type">GistRouter</span>.<span class="type">GetAtPath</span>(urlString), completionHandler: completionHandler) </span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> getGists(<span class="type">GistRouter</span>.<span class="type">GetPublic</span>(), completionHandler: completionHandler)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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iOS Apps with REST APIs(八) -- 基于OAuth2.0认证(上)
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<p>重要说明: 这是一个系列教程,非本人原创,而是翻译国外的一个教程。本人也在学习Swift,看到这个教程对开发一个实际的APP非常有帮助,所以翻译共享给大家。原教程非常长,我会陆续翻译并发布,欢迎交流与分享。</p>
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<p>如果你是基于REST API来构建一个APP,或许在某些调用的地方需要进行验证。更甚者需要在所有的调用中都需要认证。在使用GitHub API时,我们会给出两种验证方式:基本验证(基于用户名/密码)和OAuth2.0验证。但是对于我们构建的gists APP将只使用OAuth2.0验证。但后面也会讲到使用<a href="https://www.mashape.com/">Mashape</a>进行header/token验证。</p>
<h2 id="GitHub-API文档"><a href="#GitHub-API文档" class="headerlink" title="GitHub API文档"></a>GitHub API文档</h2><p>如果你喜欢深挖文档,那么你可以看一下<a href="https://developer.github.com/v3/#authentication">GitHub API中认证部分</a>。</p>
<p>我们在查看文档的时候可以发现下面几个关键点:</p>
<ol>
<li>GitHub API的验证支持使用基础验证(Basic Auth)和OAuth2.0</li>
<li>如果尝试使用无效的凭据进行认证,将会得到`401 Unauthorized’的错误响应</li>
<li>在没有认证时如果调用需要认证的请求将会返回<code>404 Not Found</code>错误,在某些地方也可能返回<code>403 Forbidden</code>错误</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>检查你的开发文档中关于认证要求的章节。并实现本章中与你API相匹配的部分。在本章最后还实现了在您的API管理器中的所需要的身份验证集成。</p>
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iOS Apps with REST APIs(七)
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