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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: doc/content/devices/abp-vs-otaa/_index.md
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@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ This section can help you understand the differences between ABP and OTAA activa
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{{< note >}} Learn more about device activation in general and details about OTAA and ABP flow in [The Things Network LoRaWAN documentation](https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/end-device-activation/). {{</ note >}}
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Learn more about device activation in general and details about OTAA and ABP flow in [The Things Network LoRaWAN documentation](https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/end-device-activation/).
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A `DevEUI` is a 64-bit unique ID assigned to an end device by the manufacturer. This value is linked to the hardware and it cannot be altered.
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Unlike `DevEUI`, which identifies an end device globally, a 32-bit `DevAddr` identifies the end device within the current network and all communication after joining the network is done with it. A `DevAddr` value consists of `NwkAddr` (end device address within network) prefixed by a `NwkID` (network identifier).
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{{< note >}} `DevAddr` is not unique - multiple devices can have the same `DevAddr`. {{</ note >}}
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Please keep in mind that the `DevAddr`value is not unique - multiple devices can have the same `DevAddr`.
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A `DevAddr` and session keys are assigned to an end device during a procedure called **activation**. LoRaWAN supports two modes of activating an end device: **ABP (Activation By Personalization)** and **OTAA (Over-The-Air Activation)**.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: doc/content/devices/adding-devices/_index.md
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To use the device repository, make sure the **From the LoRaWAN Device Repository** tab is selected. Then, select the **Brand**, **Model**, **Hardware Version**, **Software Version**, and **Region** for your device.
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{{< note "If your device is not in the device repository, see [Manually Create End Device](#manually-create-end-device) below." />}}
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If your device is not in the device repository, see [Manually Create End Device](#manually-create-end-device) below.
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{{< figure src="device-repo.png" alt="Creating a new device with the Device Repository" >}}
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Finally, give your device a unique **End device ID**, and click the **Register end device** button to create the end device.
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{{< note >}}
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See [ID and EUI constraints]({{< ref "reference/id-eui-constraints" >}}) for guidelines about choosing a unique ID.
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{{</ note >}}
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Finally, give your device a unique **End device ID**, and click the **Register end device** button to create the end device. See [ID and EUI constraints]({{< ref "reference/id-eui-constraints" >}}) for guidelines about choosing a unique ID.
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Over-the-Air-Activation (OTAA) is the secure, scalable way to activate LoRaWAN devices. All commercially available LoRaWAN devices support OTAA, and it is selected by default. If you are using a custom or DIY device, and cannot use OTAA, see the [Activation by Personalisation](#abp-devices) section.
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{{< note >}}
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The example in this guide covers adding a device using [OTAA]({{< ref "reference/glossary#over-the-air-activation" >}}) (the most secure and preferred activation method) and [LoRaWAN version]({{< ref "reference/glossary#lorawan-version" >}}) MAC V1.0.2 (the most common LoRaWAN version, although newer versions are better and more secure). Names and keys may vary slightly for other versions, but the process is the same and any differences are noted.
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{{</ note >}}
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Enter your **DevEUI**. This should be provided by your manufacturer for commercial devices. If your device is programmable, you may generate an EUI using the **Generate** button, and program it in your device.
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Enter a **JoinEUI/AppEUI** if provided by your manufacturer. If your device is programmable, you may use the **Fill with zeros** button, and then program the same JoinEUI/AppEUI (`0000000000000000`) in the device.
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If your manufacturer provides an **AppKey**, enter it. Otherwise, use the **Generate** button to create one, and program it in to your device.
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Give your device a unique **End device ID**.
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{{< note >}}
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See [ID and EUI constraints]({{< ref "reference/id-eui-constraints" >}}) for guidelines about choosing a unique ID.
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{{</ note >}}
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Give your device a unique **End device ID**. See [ID and EUI constraints]({{< ref "reference/id-eui-constraints" >}}) for guidelines about choosing a unique ID.
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{{< figure src="manual-network-settings-otaa.png" alt="Manually create OTAA end device" >}}
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For LoRaWAN versions 1.1.x, generate an **AppSKey**, **FNwkSIntKey**, **SNwkSIntKey**, and **NwkSEncKey**, and program them in your device.
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Finally, give your device a unique **End device ID**.
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{{< note >}}
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See [ID and EUI constraints]({{< ref "reference/id-eui-constraints" >}}) for guidelines about choosing a unique ID.
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{{</ note >}}
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Finally, give your device a unique **End device ID**. See [ID and EUI constraints]({{< ref "reference/id-eui-constraints" >}}) for guidelines about choosing a unique ID.
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{{< figure src="manual-network-settings-abp.png" alt="Manually create OTAA end device" >}}
This will create a LoRaWAN 1.0.3 end device `dev1` in application `app1` with the `EU_863_870` frequency plan.
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This will create a LoRaWAN 1.0.3 end device `dev1` in application `app1` with the `EU_863_870` frequency plan. Please note that the `AppEUI` is returned as `join_eui` ({{% tts %}} uses LoRaWAN 1.1 terminology).
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The end device should now be able to join the private network.
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{{< note >}} If you do not have a `JoinEUI` or `AppEUI`, you could use `0000000000000000`.
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{{< note >}} If you do not have a `JoinEUI` or `AppEUI`, it is okay to use `0000000000000000`. Be sure to use the same `JoinEUI` in your device as you enter in {{% tts %}}. {{</ note >}}
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Some devices do not support using `0000000000000000` as a JoinEUI/AppEUI, because technically, this value is invalid. However, {{% tts %}} supports using this value to indicate the absence of an actual JoinEUI/AppEUI.
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{{< note >}} The `AppEUI` is returned as `join_eui` ({{% tts %}} uses LoRaWAN 1.1 terminology). {{</ note >}}
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If your device gives an error when using `0000000000000000`, try using the DevEUI value as a JoinEUI/AppEUI, both in {{% tts %}} and on your device. {{</ note >}}
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You can also pass `--with-root-keys` to have root keys generated. In this case, you do not need to specify `--root-keys.app-key.key`.
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{{< note >}} You can also pass `--with-root-keys`to have root keys generated. In this case, you do not need to specify `--root-keys.app-key.key`. {{</ note >}}
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The end device should now be able to join the private network.
This will create a LoRaWAN 1.1.0 end device `dev1` in application `app1` with the `EU_863_870` frequency plan.
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The end device should now be able to join the private network.
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{{< note >}} If you do not have a `JoinEUI` or `AppEUI`, you could use `0000000000000000`.
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Some devices do not support using `0000000000000000` as a JoinEUI/AppEUI, because technically, this value is invalid. However, {{% tts %}} supports using this value to indicate the absence of an actual JoinEUI/AppEUI.
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If your device gives an error when using `0000000000000000`, try using the DevEUI value as a JoinEUI/AppEUI, both in {{% tts %}} and on your device. {{</ note >}}
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{{< note >}} If you do not have a `JoinEUI` or `AppEUI`, it is okay to use `0000000000000000`. Be sure to use the same `JoinEUI` in your device as you enter in {{% tts %}}. {{</ note >}}
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You can also pass `--with-root-keys` to have root keys generated. In this case, you do not need to specify `--root-keys.app-key.key` or `root-keys.nwk-key.key`.
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{{< note >}} You can also pass `--with-root-keys`to have root keys generated. In this case, you do not need to specify `--root-keys.app-key.key` or `root-keys.nwk-key.key`. {{</ note >}}
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The end device should now be able to join the private network.
You can also set the end device location to be updated from various sources with the `--location.source` flag. The source of the location data can be the registry, GPS data, results of the LoRa RSSI geolocation, etc.
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{{< note >}} Use `ttn-lw-cli end-devices set app1 dev1 --help` command to see the full list of the available location sources and other relatable info.
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You can also set the end device location to be updated from various sources with the `--location.source` flag.
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If you set the alternative location source, the location settings you manually set will be overwritten by the automatic updates from that source. {{</ note >}}
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The source of the location data can be the registry, GPS data, results of the LoRa RSSI geolocation, etc. Use `ttn-lw-cli end-devices set app1 dev1 --help` command to see the full list of the available location sources and other relatable info. If you set the alternative location source, the location settings you manually set will be overwritten by the automatic updates from that source.
This will enable the Class B downlink scheduling of the device. Downlink messages are now scheduled during the next available ping slot.
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To disable Class B scheduling, reset with `--supports-class-b=false`.
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For unicast devices, Class B downlink scheduling starts when the end device sends an uplink with the Class B bit set. This means that an OTAA device should send an uplink message with the Class B bit set after receiving the join-accept in order to enable Class B downlink scheduling.
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{{< note >}} For unicast devices, Class B downlink scheduling starts when the end device sends an uplink with the Class B bit set. This means that an OTAA device should send an uplink message with the Class B bit set after receiving the join-accept in order to enable Class B downlink scheduling. {{</ note >}}
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To disable Class B scheduling, reset with `--supports-class-b=false`.
This will enable the Class C downlink scheduling of the device. That's it! Downlink messages are now scheduled as soon as possible.
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To disable Class C scheduling, reset with `--supports-class-c=false`.
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For unicast devices, Class C downlink scheduling starts after the end device sends an uplink in the session. This means that an OTAA end device should send an uplink message after receiving the join-accept in order to enable Class C downlink scheduling.
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{{< note >}} For unicast devices, Class C downlink scheduling starts after the end device sends an uplink in the session. This means that an OTAA end device should send an uplink message after receiving the join-accept in order to enable Class C downlink scheduling. {{</ note >}}
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To disable Class C scheduling, reset with `--supports-class-c=false`.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: doc/content/devices/device-claiming/_index.md
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[Learn how to claim a device]({{< ref "/devices/device-claiming/claim-devices" >}})
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{{< note >}} Device claiming does not transfer a security session for a device, it only transfers ownership. The original LoRaWAN session is deleted. The device needs to join the network again for traffic to appear. {{</ note >}}
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Device claiming does not transfer a security session for a device, it only transfers ownership. The original LoRaWAN session is deleted. The device needs to join the network again for traffic to appear.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: doc/content/devices/device-claiming/claim-devices.md
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The device has been successfully claimed, so you can return to the Console and you will see the device in your application.
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{{< note >}} Device claiming does not transfer a security session for a device, it only transfers ownership. The original LoRaWAN session is deleted. The device needs to join the network again for traffic to appear. {{</ note >}}
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Keep in mind that device claiming does not transfer a security session for a device, it only transfers ownership. The original LoRaWAN session is deleted. The device needs to join the network again for traffic to appear.
{{< note >}} {{% tts %}} limits the application downlink queue on 10k messages per end device. When this limit is reached, no more scheduled downlinks can be placed in the queue and {{% tts %}} will drop them. In order to avoid hitting the application downlink queue limit and loosing downlinks, we advise scheduling downlink messages in batches. {{</ note >}}
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{{% tts %}} limits the application downlink queue on 10k messages per end device. When this limit is reached, no more scheduled downlinks can be placed in the queue and {{% tts %}} will drop them. In order to avoid hitting the application downlink queue limit and loosing downlinks, we advise scheduling downlink messages in batches.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: doc/content/devices/end-device-templates/assigning-euis.md
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Once the device templates are personalized with EUIs, you can set additional fields (see [Creating Templates]({{< relref "creating.md" >}})) or execute templates (see [Executing Templates]({{< relref "executing.md" >}})).
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{{< note >}} To make your device compliant with most LoRaWAN networks, use the `JoinEUI` of the LoRaWAN Join Server where the devices will be registered and use a `DevEUI` from an IEEE issued MAC address block that is assigned to your company.
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To make your device compliant with most LoRaWAN networks, use the `JoinEUI` of the LoRaWAN Join Server where the devices will be registered and use a `DevEUI` from an IEEE issued MAC address block that is assigned to your company.
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If you intend to operate your own LoRaWAN Join Server, use a `JoinEUI` from your IEEE assigned MAC address block as LoRa Alliance requires that for DNS lookup. [Learn how to apply for a IEEE issued MAC address block](https://standards.ieee.org/products-services/index.html). {{</ note >}}
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If you intend to operate your own LoRaWAN Join Server, use a `JoinEUI` from your IEEE assigned MAC address block as LoRa Alliance requires that for DNS lookup. [Learn how to apply for a IEEE issued MAC address block](https://standards.ieee.org/products-services/index.html).
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: doc/content/devices/end-device-templates/converting.md
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## Example
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{{< note >}} This example uses a **Microchip ATECC608A-MAHTN-T Manifest File**. This file contains provisioning data for The Things Join Server. You can download the example file [here](../microchip-atecc608a-mahtn-t-example.json). {{</ note >}}
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This example uses a **Microchip ATECC608A-MAHTN-T Manifest File**. This file contains provisioning data for The Things Join Server. You can download the example file [here](../microchip-atecc608a-mahtn-t-example.json).
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: doc/content/devices/end-device-templates/creating.md
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You can use the `end-device template create` command to create a template from an existing device.
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{{< note >}} By default, `end-device template create` strips the device's application ID, device ID, `JoinEUI`, `DevEUI` and server addresses to create a generic template.
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By default, `end-device template create` strips the device's application ID, device ID, `JoinEUI`, `DevEUI` and server addresses to create a generic template.
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You can include the end device identifiers by passing the concerning flags: `--application-id`, `--device-id`, `--join-eui` and `--dev-eui`.
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{{</ note >}}
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Pipe the output from getting a device to create a template, for example:
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