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<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Django - Full Stack Python</title>

<!--[if lt IE 9]>

<![endif]-->

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</a>

<span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span>

</div>

</div> <div class="row">

<h1>Django</h1>

<p><a href="http://www.djangoproject.com/">Django</a> is a widely used Python web

application framework with a "batteries-included" philosophy. The principle

behind batteries-included is that the common functionality for building

web applications should come with the framework instead of as separate

libraries. </p>

<p>For example,

<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/">authentication</a>,

<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/http/urls/">URL routing</a>, a

<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/templates/">templating system</a>,

an <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/">object-relational mapper</a>,

and <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/migrations/">database schema migrations</a>

(as of version 1.7) are all included with the <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Django/1.6.2">Django framework</a>.

Compare that included functionality to the Flask framework which requires a

separate library such as

<a href="https://flask-login.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Flask-Login</a>

to perform user authentication. </p>

<p>The batteries-included and extensibility philosophies are simply two different

ways to tackle framework building. Neither philosophy is inherently better

than the other.</p>

<h2>Why is Django a good web framework choice?</h2>

<p>The Django project's stability, performance and community have grown

tremendously over the past decade since the framework's creation. Detailed

tutorials and best practices are readily available on the web and in books.

The framework continues to add significant new functionality such as

<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/migrations/">database migrations</a>

with each release. </p>

<p>I highly recommend the Django framework as a starting place for new Python web

developers because the official documentation and tutorials are some of the

best anywhere in software development. Many cities also have Django-specific

groups such as <a href="http://www.meetup.com/django-district/">Django District</a>,

<a href="http://www.meetup.com/djangoboston/">Django Boston</a> and

<a href="http://www.meetup.com/The-San-Francisco-Django-Meetup-Group/">San Francisco Django</a>

so new developers can get help when they are stuck.</p>

<p>There's some debate on whether

<a href="http://www.jeffknupp.com/blog/2012/12/11/learning-python-via-django-considered-harmful/">learning Python by using Django is a bad idea</a>.

However, that criticism is invalid if you take the time to learn the Python

syntax and language semantics first before diving into web development.</p>

<h2>Django tutorials</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.tangowithdjango.com/book/">Tango with Django</a> are a extensive

free introductions to using the most popular Python web framework. Several

current developers said this book really helped them get over the initial

framework learning curve.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://twoscoopspress.com/products/two-scoops-of-django-1-6">2 Scoops of Django</a>

by Daniel Greenfield and Audrey Roy is well worth the price of admission if

you're serious about learning how to correctly develop Django websites.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://effectivedjango.com/">Effective Django</a> is another free introduction

to the web framework.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>The <a href="http://www.reddit.com/r/django">Django subreddit</a> often has links to

the latest resources for learning Django.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Lincoln Loop wrote a

<a href="http://lincolnloop.com/django-best-practices/">Django Best Practices guide</a>

for the community.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Steve Losh wrote an incredibly detailed <a href="http://stevelosh.com/blog/2011/06/django-advice/">Django Advice guide</a>.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://programming.oreilly.com/2014/04/simplifying-django.html">Lightweight Django</a>

has several nice examples for breaking Django into smaller simplier

components.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>The <a href="https://github.com/rogueleaderr/definitive_guide_to_django_deployment">Definitive Guide to Django Deployment</a>

explains the architecture of the resulting set up and includes Chef scripts

to automate the deployment.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>Django videos</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="https://godjango.com/">GoDjango</a> screencasts and tutorials are free short

videos for learning how to build Django applications.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Ontwik has learning videos in its

<a href="http://ontwik.com/category/django/">Django category</a>.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://pyvideo.org/video/2630/designing-djangos-migrations">Designing Django's Migrations</a>

covers Django 1.7's new migrations from the main programmer Andrew Godwin.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>DjangoCon US videos from

<a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/TheOpenBastion/videos">2013</a>,

<a href="http://pyvideo.org/category/23/djangocon-2012">2012</a>,

<a href="http://pyvideo.org/category">earlier US and DjangoCon EU conferences</a> are

all available free of charge.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>Django ORM resources</h2>

<p>The <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/">Django ORM</a> works well

for simple and medium-complexity database operations. However, there are often

complaints that the ORM makes complex queries much more complicated than

writing straight SQL or using <a href="http://www.sqlalchemy.org/">SQLAlchemy</a>. </p>

<p>It's technically possible to drop down to SQL but it ties the queries to a

specific database implementation. The ORM is coupled closely with Django so

replacing the default ORM with SQLAlchemy is currently a hack workaround. Note

though that some of the Django core committers believe it is only a matter of

time before the default ORM is replaced with SQLAlchemy. It will be a large

effort to get that working though so it's likely to come in Django 1.9 or

later.</p>

<p>Since the majority of Django projects are tied to the default ORM, it's best to

read up on advanced use cases and tools for doing your best work within the

existing framework.</p>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="http://django-debug-toolbar.readthedocs.org/en/1.2/">Django Debug Toolbar</a>

is a powerful Django ORM database query inspection tool. Highly recommended

during development to ensure you're writing reasonable query code.

<a href="http://mtford.co.uk/blog/2/">Django Silk</a> is another inspection tool and

has capabilities to do more than just SQL inspection.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://reinout.vanrees.org/weblog/2014/05/06/making-faster.html">Making a specific Django app faster</a>

is a Django performance blog post with some tips on measuring performance

and optimizing based on the measured results.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://speakerdeck.com/alex/why-i-hate-the-django-orm">Why I Hate the Django ORM</a>

is Alex Gaynor's overview of the bad designs decisions, some of which he

made, while building the Django ORM.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://speakerdeck.com/craigkerstiens/going-beyond-django-orm-with-postgres">Going Beyond Django ORM with Postgres</a>

is specific to using PostgreSQL with Django.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>Open source Django example projects</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="https://github.com/makaimc/txt2react">Txt 2 React</a> is a full Django web

app that allows audiences to text in during a presentation with feedback

or questions.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://github.com/ustream/openduty">Openduty</a> is a website status checking

and alert system similar to PagerDuty.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>Django learning checklist</h2>

<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/install/">Install Django</a> on

your local development machine.</p>

Work through the initial

<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/intro/tutorial01/">"polls" tutorial</a>.</p>

Build a few more simple applications using the tutorial resources found

in the "Django resources" section.</p>

Start coding your own Django project with help from the

<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/">official documentation</a> and

resource links below. You'll make plenty of mistakes which is critical

on your path to learning the right way to build applications.</p>

Read <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Two-Scoops-Django-Best-Practices/dp/098146730X/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1391562062&sr=8-2&tag=mlinar-20">2 Scoops of Django</a>

to understand Django best practices and learn better ways of building

Django web applications.</p>

Move on to the <a href="/deployment.html">deployment section</a> to get your Django

project on the web.</p>

<h3>What do you need to learn next for your Django app?</h3>

My user interface looks terrible. How do I style a web application?

</p>

</div>

</a>

I want to integrate external APIs into my Django project.

</p>

</div>

How do I deploy a Django web app once it's coded?

</p>

</div>

How can I version and store my source code so I don't lose it?

</p>

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<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Django</h3></div>

<a href="/">Full Stack Python</a> is an open book that explains

each Python web application stack layer and provides the

best web resources for those topics.

<hr/>

Need more detailed tutorials and walkthroughs than what is

presented here?

<a href="/email.html">Sign up for an email alert when that content is created.</a>

<hr/>

<a href="http://twitter.com/mattmakai">Matt Makai</a> built

this site with assistance from community pull requests. On GitHub

you can <a href="https://github.com/makaimc">follow Matt</a>

to see the daily changes.

</div>

<h3 class="panel-head">Table of Contents</h3>

</div>

<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Introduction</a>

<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Frameworks</a>

<a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active">Django</a>

<a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Flask</a>

<a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Bottle</a>

<a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Other Web Frameworks</a>

<a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Deployment</a>

<a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Servers</a>

<a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Operating Systems</a>

<a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Servers</a>

<a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Platform-as-a-service</a>

<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">WSGI Servers</a>

<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Source Control</a>

<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Application Dependencies</a>

<a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Configuration Management</a>

<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Databases</a>

<a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">NoSQL Data Stores</a>

<a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Cascading Style Sheets</a>

<a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">JavaScript</a>

<a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Application Programming Interfaces</a>

<a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">API Integration</a>

<a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">API Creation</a>

<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Static Content</a>

<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Caching</a>

<a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Task Queues</a>

<a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Logging</a>

<a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Monitoring</a>

<a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Analytics</a>

<a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Application Security</a>

<a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Best Python Resources</a>

<a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">About the Author</a>

<a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Change Log</a>

<a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Future Directions</a>

</div>

</div></div>

<hr/>

<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a>

2014

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