import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

public class Solution1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

/* Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT. Your class should be named Solution. */

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

int t = sc.nextInt();

ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();

for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) {

int N = sc.nextInt();

int K = sc.nextInt();

int max = 0;

int current = 0;

for (int a = 1; a <= N; a++) {

current = (a & a-1);

if (current > max && current < K) {

max = current;

}

}

System.out.println(max);

}

}

}