• ctrl a - Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on.
• ctrl e - Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on.
• ctrl l - Clears the Screen
• cmd k - Clears the Screen
• ctrl u - Cut everything backwards to beginning of line
• ctrl k - Cut everything forward to end of line
• ctrl w - Cut one word backwards using white space as delimiter
• ctrl y - Paste whatever was cut by the last cut command
• ctrl h - Same as backspace
• ctrl c - Kill whatever you are running. Also clears everything on current line
• ctrl d - it the current shell when no process is running, or send EOF to a the running process
• ctrl z - Puts whatever is running into a suspended background process. fg restores it.
• ctrl _ - Undo the last command.
• ctrl t - Swap the last two characters before the cursor
• ctrl f - Move cursor one character forward
• ctrl b - Move cursor one character backward
• option -> - Move cursor one word forward
• option <- - Move cursor one word backward
• esc t - Swap the last two words before the cursor
• esc backspace - Cut one word backwards using none alphabetic characters as delimiters
• tab - Auto-complete files and folder names

• cd - Home directory
• cd name - name directory
• cd ~ - Home directory
• cd / - Root of drive
• cd - - Previous directory
• ls - Short listing
• ls -l - Long listing
• ls -a - Listing incl. hidden files
• ls -lh - Long listing with Human readable file sizes
• ls -r - Entire content of folder recursively
• sudo command - Run command with the security privileges of the superuser (Super User DO)
• open filename - Opens a file ( as if you double clicked it )
• top - Displays active processes. Press q to quit
• open -a editorname filename - Opens the file using this editor
• reset - Resets the terminal display

• commandA; commandB - Run command A and then B, regardless of success of A
• commandA && commandB - Run command B if A succeeded
• commandA || commandB - Run command B if A failed
• commandA & - Run command A in background

• commandA | commandB Run command A and then pass the result to command B

• history n - Shows the stuff typed – add a number to limit the last n items
• ctrl r - Interactively search through previously typed commands
• ![value] - Execute the last command typed that starts with ‘value’
• ![value]:p - Print to the console the last command typed that starts with ‘value’
• !! - Execute the last command typed
• !!:p - Print to the console the last command typed

• touch filename - Create a new file
• pwd - Full path to working directory
• . - Current folder, e.g. ls .
• .. - Parent/enclosing directory, e.g. ls ..
• ls -l .. - Long listing of parent directory
• cd ../../ - Move 2 levels up
• cat - Concatenate to screen
• rm [file] - Remove a file, e.g. rm data.tmp
• rm * - remove all files
• rm -i [file] - Remove with confirmation
• rm -r [dir] - Remove a directory and contents
• rm -f [file] - Force removal without confirmation
• cp [file] [newfile] - Copy file to file
• cp [file] [dir] - Copy file to directory
• mv [file] [new filename] - Move/Rename, e.g. mv file1.ad /tmp
• pbcopy < [file] - Move/Rename, e.g. mv file1.ad /tmp
• pbpaste - Paste clipboard contents
• pbpaste > [file] - Paste clipboard contents into file, pbpaste > paste-test.txt
• echo "this is a line rewrites file" > file.txt - create file (if not exists) and write (rewrite) string
• echo "this is a line append to the end" >> file.txt - create file (if not exists) and append string to the end
• printf "Hello, I'm %s.\n" > file.txt - create (if not exists) and write (rewrite) format string

• vim file1.txt - open file with vim
• Shift + : + x - quit save vim
• Shift + : + w - save
• Shift + : + q - quit if where not changes
• i - switch to redactor mode
• esc - switch out of redactor mode

• mkdir [dir] - Create new directory
• mkdir -p [dir]/[dir] - Create nested directories
• rmdir [dir] - Remove directory ( only operates on empty directories )
• rm -R [dir] - Remove directory and contents
• less [file] - Output file content delivered in screensize chunks
• [command] > [file] - Push output to file, keep in mind it will get overwritten
• [command] >> [file] - Append output to existing file
• [command] < [file] - Tell command to read content from a file

• find [dir] -name [search_pattern] - Search for files, e.g. find /Users -name "file.txt"
• grep [search_pattern] [file] - Search for all lines that contain the pattern, e.g. grep "Tom" file.txt
• grep -r [search_pattern] [dir] - Recursively search in all files in specified directory for all lines that contain the pattern
• grep -v [search_pattern] [file] - Search for all lines that do NOT contain the pattern
• grep -i [search_pattern] [file] - Search for all lines that contain the case-insensitive pattern
• mdfind [search_pattern] - Spotlight search for files (names, content, other metadata), e.g. mdfind skateboard
• mdfind -onlyin [dir] -name [pattern] - Spotlight search for files named like pattern in the given directory

• [command] -h - Offers help for this command
• info [command] - Offers help
• info [command] - Offers help
• man [command] - Show the help manual for [command]
• whatis [command] - Gives a one-line description of [command]
• apropos [search-pattern] - Searches for command with keywords in description

emacs -batch -l dunnet - play game.

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