Debian is a Linux distribution that aims to be safe and reliable. A large number of Linux distributions use Debian as their base.
It forms the base for Ubuntu.
Ubuntu is arguably the most well known Debian based Linux distro available. There are also distros available that are based on Ubuntu.
Some well known Ubuntu based distros include: Xubuntu, Kubuntu and Mint.
Some distros focus on desktop usage, others are perfect to run virtualy, as a container or bare metal on a server. The virtualisation course uses Xubuntu. Docker uses Ubuntu and a distro called Alpine. Finaly, it's very easy to obtain or install an Ubuntu server.
On the Raspberry Pi computers, you will find a Debian distro called Raspbian.
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