kickstart服务器

#安装http/vsftp/nfs(pxe支持以其中任意一种方式获取安装文件)

#安装dhcp

ddns-update-style none;

ignore client-updates;
subnet 192.168.127.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        option routers 192.168.127.2;
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option domain-name "ipw.com";
        option domain-name-servers 192.168.127.2;
        range 192.168.127.139 192.168.127.150;
        filename "pxelinux.0"    #这是重要的，pxe client会向dhcp服务器请求ip地址并连接dhcp服务器上的tftp服务器，并把pxelinux.0(bootloader)取回本地执行。
	default-lease-time 21600;
        max-lease-time 43200;
	#固定ip分配
        #host ipw2 {
        #       hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:8F:81:FB;
        #       fixed-address 192.168.127.130;
        #}
}

#安装tftp

yum install tftp-server

vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no  #这里改为no,让tftp随xinetd启动
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

#启动xinetd

/etc/init.d/xinetd start

#挂载ISO镜像

mount -o loop /path/xxx.iso  /data/www/centos #这里用的是http方式

#复制必要文件到tftpboot

cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0  /var/lib/tftpboot  #用于pxe方式的bootloader,需要安装syslinux(yum install syslinux)

cp /data/www/centos/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot 

cp /data/www/centos/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot

# 创建bootloader,也就是pxelinux.0所需要的参数文件，没有参数文件，则安装只能停留在boot>界面

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

cp /data/www/centos/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default  #bootloader要到哪加载操作系统内核来启动安装？就是在这个文件里指定的。

#derault的内容

default text
prompt 1
timeout 600

display boot.msg

menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.4!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000

label text
kernel vmlinuz
append ks=http://192.168.127.129/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img #这里告诉了bootloader要加载的内核文件，启动安装。然后告诉客户端ks.cfg在哪里，ks.cfg则告诉安装程序到哪寻找安装文件，以及需要安装哪些套件，或者在安装完成后需要执行哪些操作。


所以pxe安装的流程是这样的：

客户端网卡启动pxe程序请求ip地址，分配到ip地址后启动tftp从服务端获取bootloader,有了bootloader就进到了安装界面，但是要加载的内核文件在哪？pxelinux.0的参数文件也就是default来告诉它。加载到了内核文件就可以启动安装了，但是所需要的安装文件在哪？于是default文件里指定了ks=xxxx/ks.cfg,ks.cfg的作用就是告诉安装程序到哪里去寻找安装文件、都是需要安装哪些套件以及安装过程中所做的操作，比如分区、格式化、安装语言、时区选择等等。



所以依次加载的文件是 pxelinux.0  --> default --->ks.cfg
#kickstart选项说明
http://man.ddvip.com/os/redhat9.0cut/s1-kickstart2-options.html


#####CentOS 7#####

步骤基本一致，基础环境搭建、复制必要文件到tftpboot(pxelinux.0 initrd.img vmlinuz default),要注意6和7的这几个文件是不能通用的

# CentOS 7的 default

default text
timeout 30

display boot.msg

# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title CentOS 7
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13

# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none

# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none

# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none

# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none

# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.

menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.

menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line

label text
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.10.67.168/pxe ks=http://10.10.67.168/ks.cfg


##另外 7和6的ks.cfg选项也不能通用，要注意修改