1+ #!/usr/bin/env python
2+ #! encoding=utf-8
3+ #
4+ # sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib
5+ # sudo apt-get install python-numpy python-scipy python-matplotlib ipython ipython-notebook python-pandas python-sympy python-nose
6+ #
7+
8+ import numpy as np
9+ import matplotlib .pyplot as plt
10+ from mpl_toolkits .mplot3d import Axes3D
11+ from matplotlib .ticker import MultipleLocator , FuncFormatter
12+
13+ def make_axis ():
14+ x1 = [1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]# Make x, y arrays for each graph
15+ y1 = [1 , 4 , 9 , 16 , 25 ]
16+ x2 = [1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 ]
17+ y2 = [2 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 16 ]
18+
19+ plt .plot (x1 , y1 , 'r' )# use pylab to plot x and y
20+ plt .plot (x2 , y2 , 'g' )
21+
22+ plt .title ('Plot of y vs. x' )# give plot a title
23+ plt .xlabel ('x axis' )# make axis labels
24+ plt .ylabel ('y axis' )
25+
26+ plt .xlim (0.0 , 9.0 )# set axis limits
27+ plt .ylim (0.0 , 30. )
28+
29+ plt .savefig ('axis.png' )
30+ plt .show ()# show the plot on the screen
31+
32+ def pi_formatter (x , pos ):
33+ """
34+ 比较罗嗦地将数值转换为以pi/4为单位的刻度文本
35+ """
36+ m = np .round (x / (np .pi / 4 ))
37+ n = 4
38+ if m % 2 == 0 : m , n = m / 2 , n / 2
39+ if m % 2 == 0 : m , n = m / 2 , n / 2
40+ if m == 0 :
41+ return "0"
42+ if m == 1 and n == 1 :
43+ return "$\pi$"
44+ if n == 1 :
45+ return r"$%d \pi$" % m
46+ if m == 1 :
47+ return r"$\frac{\pi}{%d}$" % n
48+ return r"$\frac{%d \pi}{%d}$" % (m ,n )
49+
50+ def make_axis_ex ():
51+ x = np .arange (0 , 4 * np .pi , 0.01 )
52+ y = np .sin (x )
53+
54+ fig = plt .figure (figsize = (8 ,4 ))
55+ fig .patch .set_color ("g" ) # 属性背景颜色
56+ fig .canvas .draw () # 属性修改之后更新显示
57+
58+ plt .plot (x , y )
59+ ax = plt .gca ()
60+
61+ # 设置两个坐标轴的范围
62+ plt .ylim (- 1.5 ,1.5 )
63+ plt .xlim (0 , np .max (x ))
64+
65+ # 设置图的底边距
66+ plt .subplots_adjust (bottom = 0.15 )
67+
68+ plt .grid () #开启网格
69+
70+ # 主刻度为pi/4
71+ ax .xaxis .set_major_locator ( MultipleLocator (np .pi / 4 ) )
72+
73+ # 主刻度文本用pi_formatter函数计算
74+ ax .xaxis .set_major_formatter ( FuncFormatter ( pi_formatter ) )
75+
76+ # 副刻度为pi/20
77+ ax .xaxis .set_minor_locator ( MultipleLocator (np .pi / 20 ) )
78+
79+ # 设置刻度文本的大小
80+ for tick in ax .xaxis .get_major_ticks ():
81+ tick .label1 .set_fontsize (16 )
82+
83+ # 刻度标签
84+ for label in ax .xaxis .get_ticklabels ():
85+ label .set_color ("yellow" )
86+ label .set_rotation (45 )
87+ label .set_fontsize (16 )
88+
89+ # 刻度线
90+ for line in ax .xaxis .get_ticklines ():
91+ line .set_color ("red" )
92+ line .set_markersize (25 )
93+ line .set_markeredgewidth (3 )
94+
95+ plt .savefig ('axis_ex.png' )
96+ plt .show ()
97+
98+
99+ def make_curve ():
100+ t = np .arange (0.0 , 1.01 , 0.01 )
101+ s = np .sin (2 * 2 * np .pi * t )
102+
103+ plt .fill (t , s * np .exp (- 5 * t ), 'r' )
104+ plt .grid (True )
105+
106+ # save as png(jpeg, pdf, etc)
107+ plt .savefig ('curve.png' )
108+ plt .show ()
109+
110+ def make_curve_ex ():
111+ x = np .linspace (0 , 10 , 1000 )
112+ y = np .sin (x )
113+ z = np .cos (x ** 2 )
114+
115+ plt .figure (figsize = (10 , 6 ))
116+ # label : 给所绘制的曲线一个名字，此名字在图示(legend)中显示。
117+ # 只要在字符串前后添加"$"符号，matplotlib就会使用其内嵌的latex引擎绘制的数学公式。
118+ plt .plot (x , y , label = "$sin(x)$" , color = "red" , linewidth = 2 )
119+ plt .plot (x , z , "b--" , label = "$cos(x^2)$" ) # "b--"指定曲线的颜色和线型
120+ plt .xlabel ("Time(s)" )
121+ plt .ylabel ("Volt" )
122+ plt .title ("PyPlot First Example" )
123+ plt .ylim (- 1.2 , 1.2 )
124+ plt .legend () # 显示图示
125+
126+ plt .savefig ('curve_ex.png' )
127+ plt .show ()
128+
129+ def make_scatter ():
130+ if False :
131+ fig = plt .figure ()
132+ ax = fig .add_subplot (2 ,1 ,1 ) # two rows, one column, first plot
133+ t = ax .scatter (np .random .rand (20 ), np .random .rand (20 ))
134+
135+ plt .savefig ('scatter_one.png' )
136+ plt .show ()
137+ else :
138+ # Use numpy to load the data contained in the file
139+ # 'fakedata.txt' into a 2-D array called data
140+ data = np .loadtxt ('fakedata.txt' )
141+
142+ # plot the first column as x, and second column as y
143+ plt .plot (data [:, 0 ], data [:, 1 ], 'ro' )
144+ plt .xlabel ('x' )
145+ plt .ylabel ('y' )
146+ plt .xlim (0.0 , 10. )
147+
148+ plt .savefig ('scatter_two.png' )
149+ plt .show ()
150+
151+ def make_pie ():
152+ # make a square figure and axes
153+ plt .figure (1 , figsize = (6 , 6 ))
154+ ax = plt .axes ([0.1 , 0.1 , 0.8 , 0.8 ])
155+
156+ labels = 'Frogs' , 'Hogs' , 'Dogs' , 'Logs'
157+ fracs = [15 , 30 , 45 , 10 ]
158+
159+ explode = (0 , 0.05 , 0 , 0 )
160+ plt .pie (fracs , explode = explode , labels = labels , autopct = '%1.1f%%' , shadow = True )
161+ plt .title ('Raining Hogs and Dogs' , bbox = {'facecolor' :'0.8' , 'pad' :10 })
162+ plt .savefig ('pie.png' )
163+ plt .show ()
164+
165+ def make_histograms ():
166+ # make an array of random numbers with a gaussian distribution with
167+ # mean = 5.0
168+ # rms = 3.0
169+ # number of points = 1000
170+ data = np .random .normal (5.0 , 3.0 , 1000 )
171+
172+ # make a histogram of the data array
173+ plt .hist (data )
174+
175+ # make plot labels
176+ plt .xlabel ('data' )
177+
178+ plt .savefig ('histograms.png' )
179+ plt .show ()
180+
181+ def randrange (n , vmin , vmax ):
182+ '''
183+ Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
184+ with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
185+ '''
186+ return (vmax - vmin ) * np .random .rand (n ) + vmin
187+
188+ def make_scatter3d ():
189+ fig = plt .figure ()
190+ ax = fig .add_subplot (111 , projection = '3d' )
191+
192+ n = 100
193+
194+ # For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box
195+ # defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].
196+ for c , m , zlow , zhigh in [('r' , 'o' , - 50 , - 25 ), ('b' , '^' , - 30 , - 5 )]:
197+ xs = randrange (n , 23 , 32 )
198+ ys = randrange (n , 0 , 100 )
199+ zs = randrange (n , zlow , zhigh )
200+ ax .scatter (xs , ys , zs , c = c , marker = m )
201+
202+ ax .set_xlabel ('X Label' )
203+ ax .set_ylabel ('Y Label' )
204+ ax .set_zlabel ('Z Label' )
205+
206+ plt .savefig ('scatter3d.png' )
207+ plt .show ()
208+
209+ if __name__ == '__main__' :
210+ #make_axis()
211+ #make_axis_ex()
212+ #make_curve()
213+ #make_curve_ex()
214+ #make_scatter()
215+ #make_pie()
216+ #make_histograms()
217+ make_scatter3d ()
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