#include <iostream>

#include <string> //Header file for using CPP strings

using namespace std;

int main(){

//A string variable contains a collection of characters (Sorting text into strings)

//Syntax: string identifier = "any_text";

string myString = "CPP Programmig";

cout << myString << endl;

//1)Using append function

string fName = "AAAA ";

string lName = "BBBB";

string fullName = fName.append(lName);

cout << fullName << endl;

//Concatenation of strings:

//1)Using + Operand

string A = "Introduction to";

string B = A + " " + myString;

cout << B << endl;

/*Note: Numbers are added by, and strings are concatenated by +

int x = 10, int y = 5 ==> (x + y) == 15 (integer)

string a = "10", string b = "5" ==> (a + b) == "105" (string)

but, (x + a) causes an error

*/

string myTxt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

//length of an string:

cout << myTxt.length() << ", " << myTxt.size() << endl; //size function is an alias of length function

//Characters of a string can be accessed by referring to its index like arrays

cout << myTxt[0] << ", " << myTxt[12] << endl;

//Specific characters in a string can be updated

myTxt[3] = '1';

myTxt[19] = '9';

cout << myTxt << endl;

//Updating characters using at() function

cout << myTxt.at(25) << endl;

myTxt.at(1) = 'b';

myTxt.at(25) = 'z';

cout << myTxt << endl;

//User input strings

string newTxt;

cin >> newTxt; //Every character before space or tab

//getline(cin, newTxt); //Space and tab can be used

cout << newTxt << endl;

/*

Common functions that are used with the string class:

string A = "..."

A.find("text") //finding text in A

A.append("text") //concatenating A with text

A.insert(x, "text") //inserting text into x position (index)

A.erase(x, y) //erasing y characters from y position (index)

A.replace(x, y, "text") //replacing y characters with text from x position (index)

A.compare(strVar) //comparing two strings

*/

}