#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

/*

Allocating and Deallocating the memory:

In other high level programming languages such as java and python, the compiler automatically manages the memories allocated to variables

C++ allows to allocate the memory dynamically in run time. In C++, should to deallocate memory after we have no use for the variables

The memory can be allocated and deallocated dynamically using "new" and "delete" operators

Syntax:

type* pointer = new type{value};

delete pointer;

*/

int main(){

//float* pVar;

//pVar = new float; //Dynamically allocating memory using "new" keyword

//*pVar = 45.58; //Assigning an integer value to allocated memory

//Note: The new expression returns the address of the memory location, which is why a pointer is used

float* pVar = new float{45.58}; //Same as 18-20 Lines

//Tip: Using the above syntax avoids uninitialized pointers. Uninitialized pointers may cause undefined behavior when dereferenced

cout << pVar << ", " << *pVar << endl;

delete pVar; //the memory occupied by the pointer variable can be deallocated, when it's no longer usable

//Tip: Proper use of the delete is essential to prevent memory leaks and ensure efficient memory management.

cout << pVar << ", " << *pVar << endl;

pVar = nullptr; //Null Pointer: Avoiding undefined behavior if pointer is dereferenced

cout << pVar << endl;

//Memory management in Arrays (calculating average of grades):

float* ptrAr;

ptrAr = new float[4]; //4 Students

float* pVar2 = new float{0};

cout << "Enter the grades of students: " << endl;

for(int i=0; i<4; i++){

cin >> *(ptrAr + i);

}

for(int i=0; i<4; i++){

*pVar2 += *(ptrAr + i);

}

cout << "The Average = " << (*pVar2)/4 << endl;

delete[] ptrAr; //[] denotes that the memory deallocation is for an array.

ptrAr = nullptr;

delete pVar2;

pVar2 = nullptr;

}