# self is defined as an instance of a class(similar to this in c++),and variables e.g. first, last and pay are called instance variables.

# instance variables are the ones that are unique for each instance e.g. first, last and pay. They are unique to each instance.

# __init__ is called as constructor(in languages like c++), this function is called as soon as we create object/instance of the class.

# we can pass default values to functions as __init__(self, pay=3000)

# we are going to use class variables

# class variables are the ones that are common to instance or in other words varibales that can be shared between the instances

class Employee:

num_of_emps = 0

raise_amount = 1.04 # are a class variables

def __init__(self, first, last, pay):

self.first = first

self.last = last

self.pay = pay

Employee.num_of_emps += 1 # Refer to apply_raise method for explanation

def full_name(self):

return '{} {}'.format(self.first, self.last)

def apply_raise(self):

self.pay = int(self.pay * self.raise_amount)

# other way to use class variables is using class name as shown below

# self.pay = int(self.pay * Employee.raise_amount)

# Both ways of using class variables is valid. the difference in them is

# self.raise_amount will be valid for particular instance meaning that we can set raise_amount to different value for

# particular instance by using e1.raise_amount = 1.05 and then if we print raise_amount for both of our instances

# we can find that raise_amount will be 1.05 for e1 but for e2 it will still be 1.04

# below e1 and e2 are called instances of class employee

e1 = Employee('sheldon', 'cooper', 5000)

e2 = Employee('Prathamesh', 'rahate', 6000)

#illustrating use of using self.raise_amount in apply_raise method

e1.raise_amount = 1.05

print(e1.raise_amount)

print(e2.raise_amount)

e1.apply_raise()

e2.apply_raise()

print(e1.pay)

print(e2.pay)

#to print instance of class like what it contains

print(e1.__dict__)

print(e2.__dict__)

print(Employee.num_of_emps)