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(methods) -424.003 (do) -424.008 (not) -423.997 (need) -425.017 (a) -424.019 (pre\055trained) ] TJ T* [ (substitute) -348.988 (model\054) -373 (ho) 25.0075 (we) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (er) 39.9915 (\054) -373.982 (as) -348.983 (a) -348.983 (cos) 0.98731 (t\054) -374.02 (the) 14.9868 (y) -349.004 (need) -348.994 (numerous) ] TJ 10.9203 TL T* [ (queries) -249.981 (for) -250.021 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -250.005 (models) -250.01 (to) -250.005 (generate) -250.005 (each) -249.983 (attack\056) ] TJ 10.9199 -13.0719 Td [ (Instead\054) -343.995 (gradient\055based) -325 (attack) -325.996 (methods) -325.014 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 460.771 452.107 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 469.871 452.107 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 475.104 452.107 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 484.204 452.107 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 489.436 452.107 Tm (35) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 498.536 452.107 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 503.777 452.107 Tm (30) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 512.877 452.107 Tm (\135) Tj -212.763 -10.9195 Td [ (need) -335.987 (kno) 24.9967 (wledge) -336.006 (of) -336.022 (the) -334.992 (architecture) -335.987 (and) -335.998 (weights) -336.008 (of) -336.019 (the) -335.982 (at\055) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (tack) 10.018 (ed) -320.018 (models\056) -518.994 (Goodfello) 25.0021 (w) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 106.007 0 Td [ (et) -320.002 (al) ] TJ 2.91194 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 16.5672 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 430.906 430.267 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 440.005 430.267 Tm [ (\135) -319.015 (sho) 25.0048 (wed) -320.002 (that) -320.002 (adv) 15.0136 (er) 19.9877 (\055) ] TJ -139.891 -10.9195 Td [ (sarial) -347.998 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -348.004 (ha) 20.0038 (v) 15.0136 (e) -347.996 (the) -347.998 (property) -347.99 (of) -347.996 (transferability) -348.006 (which) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (means) -361.008 (that) -361 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -361.021 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -361.008 (generated) -361.024 (for) -362.017 (one) -360.981 (model) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (through) -475.995 (white\055box) -475.008 (attack) -475.981 (methods) -475 (can) -476.003 (also) -475.021 (attack) -475.981 (other) ] TJ T* [ (models\056) -297.02 (Therefore\054) -219.014 (to) -212.017 (carry) -210.982 (out) -211.983 (attack) -210.995 (methods) -211.988 (in) -210.984 (the) -212.009 (black\055) ] TJ T* [ (box) -222.991 (setting\054) -229.008 (the) 14.9894 (y) -223.015 (use) -223.004 (a) -223.981 (substit) 0.98731 (u) -0.99804 (t) 0.99268 (e) -223.981 (model) -223.009 (to) -223.004 (\336nd) -223.009 (the) -223.986 (adv) 15.0136 (ersar) 20.0146 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (ial) -376.013 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -376.979 (and) -376.005 (then) -375.997 (attack) -376.993 (the) -375.989 (machine) -375.978 (learning) -377.003 (model) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (based) -332.982 (on) -333.988 (the) -333.017 (transferability) -332.979 (of) -333.014 (these) -333.009 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -334.023 (e) 14.9921 (xamples\056) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (Compared) -296.011 (with) -296 (current) -295.979 (score\055based) -295.979 (and) -295.99 (decision\055based) -296 (at\055) ] TJ T* [ (tacks\054) -429.986 (the) -392.985 (substitute) -394.018 (attacks) -393.004 (do) -394.002 (not) -393.992 (need) -392.993 (queries) -394.002 (for) -393.997 (gen\055) ] TJ T* [ (erating) -389.012 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -389.009 (e) 14.9921 (xample) 0.99268 (s\056) -727.011 (Ho) 24.9887 (we) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (er) 39.9915 (\054) -423.005 (the) 14.9868 (y) -389.012 (need) -389.001 (a) -388.991 (pre\055) ] TJ T* [ (trained) -339.003 (model) -338.997 (to) -338.994 (generate) -338.989 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -339.003 (attacks\056) -576.993 (P) 14.9975 (apernot) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 209.22 0 Td (et) Tj -209.22 -10.9199 Td (al) Tj 2.83915 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.08906 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 315.347 299.229 Tm (34) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 324.447 299.229 Tm [ (\135) -312.015 (de) 24.9833 (v) 15.0136 (eloped) -311.006 (a) -311.98 (method) -312.007 (that) -312.018 (uses) -311.004 (a) -311.98 (number) -311.996 (of) -311.98 (images) ] TJ -24.3332 -10.9207 Td [ (to) -334.015 (imit) 1.00609 (ate) -333.985 (the) -334.004 (outputs) -333.009 (of) -334.004 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -332.982 (models) -334.018 (to) -332.982 (obtain) -334.018 (substi\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (tute) -236.985 (netw) 9.98313 (orks\056) -305.002 (Prediction) -236.998 (APIs) -236.005 (were) -236.987 (also) -236.005 (d) -0.99804 (e) 25.9814 (v) 13.9834 (el) 1.00341 (op) -1.00878 (e) 0.99804 (d) -237.009 (to) -236.998 (steal) ] TJ T* [ (the) -293.009 (machine) -293.004 (models) -292.98 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 379.383 266.47 Tm (39) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 388.482 266.47 Tm [ (\135\056) -438.997 (Orek) 9.99118 (ondy) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 48.2633 0 Td [ (et) -293.001 (al) ] TJ 2.66625 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 16.3254 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 461.042 266.47 Tm (32) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 470.142 266.47 Tm [ (\135) -293.001 (proposed) -292.996 (a) ] TJ -170.028 -10.9199 Td [ (\323knock) 9.98313 (of) 24.9914 (f\323) -309.002 (to) -310.019 (steal) -308.997 (the) -310.008 (function) -308.981 (of) -310.006 (machine) -309.013 (learning) -309.995 (mod\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (els\056) -347.996 (These) -261.992 (methods) -262.985 (do) -262 (not) -262.982 (need) -261.981 (a) -263 (pre\055trained) -262.985 (model) -261.987 (b) 19.9931 (ut) -263.012 (re\055) ] TJ T* [ (quire) -273.985 (man) 14.9787 (y) -274.999 (real) -273.998 (data) -273.985 (labeled) -275.007 (by) -274.022 (the) -274.983 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -274 (model) -274.006 (to) -274.988 (train) ] TJ 10.9203 TL T* [ (a) -223.981 (substitute) -223.986 (model\056) -302 (Ho) 24.9914 (we) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (er) 39.9915 (\054) -229.019 (the) -223.986 (real) -223.991 (images) -224.023 (are) -223.997 (hard) -225.011 (to) -223.991 (get) ] TJ T* [ (in) -317.016 (some) -315.986 (real\055w) 9.99386 (orld) -317.008 (tasks\056) -510.012 (Therefore\054) -334.012 (it) -316.997 (is) -316.021 (important) -316.997 (to) -317.013 (de\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (v) 15.0136 (elop) -270.011 (a) -270.985 (data\055free) -270.003 (substitute) -270.991 (attack\054) -275.004 (such) -270.019 (that) -270.98 (the) -270.003 (risks) -270.985 (f) 10.018 (aced) ] TJ T* [ (by) -319.007 (current) -318.988 (machine) -319.017 (learning) -319.009 (models) -318.993 (can) -320.007 (be) -318.988 (assessed) -319.015 (more) ] TJ T* [ (comprehensi) 24.994 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.999 (\056) ] TJ 10.9199 -13.0727 Td [ (In) -324.002 (this) -324.008 (study) 65.0097 (\054) -342.002 (we) -323.984 (propose) -323.981 (a) -324 (data\055free) -324.005 (substitute) -324.005 (training) ] TJ -10.9199 -10.9195 Td [ (\050DaST\051) -191.995 (method) -193.014 (to) -193 (train) -191.979 (a) -192.987 (substitute) -192.006 (model) -193.004 (for) -191.984 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -193.009 (at\055) ] TJ T* [ (tacks\056) -290.989 (W) 80.0153 (e) -192.987 (utilize) -193.004 (generati) 24.9833 (v) 15.0136 (e) -192.987 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -193.009 (netw) 9.98045 (orks) -192.998 (\050GANs\051) -192.998 (to) ] TJ T* [ (create) -296 (synthetic) -296.011 (samples) -296.011 (to) -297.012 (train) -295.99 (the) -296.017 (substitute) -296.017 (model\056) -448.981 (The) ] TJ -12.5508 -27.2996 Td (1) Tj ET Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 -1 0 841.88974 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-327.007 (whi) 1 (ch) -311.991 (means) ] TJ T* [ (the) -300.994 (substitute) -300.995 (model) -301.007 (cannot) -301.004 (learn) -301.01 (the) -300.995 (classi\336cation) -300.986 (charac\055) ] TJ T* [ (teristics) -249.985 (of) -249.997 (the) -249.998 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -250.005 (model) -250.01 (comprehensi) 24.994 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.999 (\056) ] TJ 10.9195 -10.9309 Td [ (T) 79.9972 (o) -216.016 (address) -216.978 (thi) 0.99134 (s) -216.996 (problem\054) -223.005 (we) -215.98 (design) -216.02 (a) -215.996 (multi\055branch) -217.002 (archi\055) ] TJ -10.9195 -10.9195 Td [ (tecture) -293.996 (and) -294.014 (a) -294.983 (label\055control) -293.993 (loss) -294.01 (for) -294.021 (the) -293.998 (generati) 24.9833 (v) 15.0136 (e) -294.981 (m) 0.98463 (o) -0.99804 (de) 0.98731 (l) -294.984 (to) ] TJ T* [ (deal) -258.015 (with) -256.981 (the) -257.982 (une) 25.0168 (v) 15.0149 (en) -257.989 (distrib) 19.9797 (ution) -257.017 (of) -257.981 (synthetic) -257.978 (samples\056) -333.02 (The) ] TJ T* [ (generati) 24.982 (v) 15.0149 (e) -323.014 (model) -321.998 (can) -323.014 (produce) -322.981 (synthetic) -321.982 (samples) -323.012 (with) -323.002 (ran\055) ] TJ T* [ (dom) -285.012 (labels) -285.01 (gi) 24.9806 (v) 15.0149 (en) -284.99 (by) -285.009 (the) -284.983 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -284.99 (model\056) -414.983 (As) -285.017 (such\054) -294.021 (the) -284.982 (sub\055) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (stitute) -340.982 (model) -339.984 (can) -341 (learn) -341.017 (the) -340.015 (classi\336cation) -340.993 (characteristics) -340.985 (of) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (the) -287 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -287.995 (model) -287.013 (in) -287.01 (this) -287.992 (adv) 15.0149 (ersarial) -287.016 (training) -286.989 (and) -288.006 (produce) ] TJ T* [ (adv) 15.0149 (ersarial) -334.02 (e) 14.9908 (xamples) -334.997 (which) -333.997 (ha) 20.0038 (v) 15.0149 (e) -334.99 (strong) -334.018 (transferability) -334.997 (for) ] TJ T* [ (the) -360.018 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -359.983 (model\056) -640.99 (The) -360 (main) -360.022 (contrib) 20.0172 (utions) -359.999 (of) -361.005 (this) -359.98 (study) ] TJ T* [ (are) -250.01 (summarized) -250.02 (as) -249.997 (follo) 24.9967 (ws\072) ] TJ /R40 9.09982 Tf 9.1 -18.2312 Td (\245) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 9.09961 0 Td [ (W) 80.0153 (e) -333.016 (are) -334.018 (the) -333.018 (\336rst) -332.987 (to) -332.985 (train) -333.98 (a) -333.016 (substitute) -333.02 (model) -332.987 (for) -333.985 (adv) 15.0136 (er) 19.9877 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (sarial) -276.998 (attacks) -277.016 (without) -276.009 (an) 14.9814 (y) -277.015 (real) -277.004 (data\056) -390.021 (Attack) 10 (ers) -276.979 (can) -276.995 (use) ] TJ T* [ (this) -293.014 (method) -292.002 (to) -293.02 (train) -292.985 (a) -293.008 (substitute) -291.98 (model) -292.98 (for) -292.99 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (attacks) -250.016 (without) -249.995 (collecting) -250.02 (an) 14.9814 (y) -250.014 (real) -250.002 (data\056) ] TJ /R40 9.09982 Tf -9.09961 -18.2414 Td (\245) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 9.09961 0 Td [ (W) 80.0153 (e) -357.012 (e) 24.9927 (v) 25.0168 (aluate) -358.018 (the) -357.014 (ef) 25.0115 (fecti) 24.9914 (v) 15.0149 (eness) -357.014 (of) -358 (DaST) -357 (on) -356.997 (both) -357.987 (local) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (deep) -260.994 (learning) -262.001 (models) -261 (and) -261.003 (the) -260.987 (online) -261 (machine) -262.011 (learning) ] TJ T* [ (system\054) -337.02 (which) -320.003 (re) 25.0115 (v) 15.0149 (eals) -319.005 (a) -320.009 (f) 10.0193 (act) -319.991 (that) -319.017 (the) -320.01 (current) -320.018 (machine) ] TJ 10.9203 TL T* [ (learning) -249.982 (model) -250.01 (has) -250.006 (signi\336cant) -249.981 (risks) -249.991 (to) -250.007 (be) -250.005 (attack) 9.99118 (ed\056) ] TJ /R40 9.09982 Tf -9.09961 -18.2418 Td (\245) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 9.09961 0 Td [ (we) -278.01 (e) 24.9927 (v) 25.0168 (aluate) -278.002 (the) -277.986 (performance) -278.017 (of) -277.985 (our) -277.993 (method) -278.009 (in) -277.996 (tw) 9.98313 (o) -278.004 (at\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (tack) -397.012 (scenarios\054) -434.005 (including) -397.003 (a) -398.007 (probability\055only) -396.983 (scenario) ] TJ T* [ (that) -361.986 (attack) 9.99252 (er) -362.015 (can) -361.991 (access) -361.02 (the) -361.994 (output) -361.982 (probability) -361.992 (of) -361.992 (the) ] TJ T* [ (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -243.995 (model\054) -245.979 (and) -244.004 (a) -245.016 (label\055only) -244.018 (scenario) -244.006 (that) -245.012 (attack) 9.99118 (er) ] TJ 10.9203 TL T* [ (only) -337.984 (a) 0.9967 (ccesses) -338.012 (the) -337.01 (output) -337.986 (label) -336.993 (of) -337.996 (the) -337.009 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -338.004 (model\056) ] TJ T* [ (Our) -244.013 (method) -244.01 (generates) -243.008 (adv) 15.0149 (ersarial) -244.003 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -243.992 (ef) 25.0101 (\336ciently) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (on) -249.981 (both) -249.983 (scenarios\056) ] TJ -18.1996 -18.2316 Td [ (In) -424.021 (addition\054) -467.998 (we) -424.99 (use) -423.988 (dif) 24.9981 (ferent) -425.007 (model) -423.992 (architectures) -423.987 (for) -424.99 (the) ] TJ T* [ (substitute) -270.99 (model) -271.001 (to) -270.999 (test) -271.016 (the) -270.989 (in\337uence) -271.017 (on) -271.015 (attack) -271.007 (success) -270.98 (rate) ] TJ T* [ (caused) -249.996 (by) -249.981 (the) -249.998 (model) -250.01 (capacity) 64.9816 (\056) ] TJ 10.9195 -10.9309 Td [ (The) -275.994 (rest) -275.985 (of) -274.98 (our) -276.02 (paper) -276 (is) -276.013 (or) 17.9943 (g) 5.01303 (anized) -276.002 (as) -274.98 (follo) 24.9967 (ws\072) -362.022 (in) -276.021 (section) ] TJ -10.9195 -10.9195 Td [ (2\054) -386.011 (we) -357.982 (introduce) -358.982 (the) -358.002 (related) -358.988 (w) 10.018 (orks\056) -636.009 (The) -357.984 (proposed) -359.017 (method) ] TJ T* [ (is) -327.009 (described) -326.991 (in) -327.018 (section) -326.014 (3\056) -541.019 (W) 80.0153 (e) -327.006 (e) 24.9927 (v) 25.0168 (aluate) -326.983 (the) -327.007 (performance) -326.996 (of) ] TJ T* [ (DaST) -249.983 (in) -250.007 (section) -249.991 (4\056) ] TJ /R8 10.9199 Tf 21.8715 TL T* [ (2\056) -250.005 (Related) -250.008 (W) 75.0082 (orks) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 17.3004 TL T* [ (Adv) 9.97978 (ersarial) -427.012 (Scenes) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 84.6711 0 Td [ (Adv) 14.9787 (ersarial) -427 (attacks) -426.015 (are) -426.997 (carried) -427.016 (out) ] TJ -84.6711 -10.9199 Td [ (in) -400.981 (the) -399.983 (white\055box) -401 (setting) -399.98 (or) -401.013 (the) -399.984 (black\055box) -400.981 (setting\056) -760.998 (In) -401.013 (the) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (white\055box) -369.02 (setting\054) -398.011 (the) -368.991 (attack) 9.99252 (er) -367.982 (has) -368.999 (access) -368.018 (to) -369 (the) -368.989 (structure) ] TJ T* [ (and) -260.016 (weights) -259.987 (of) -259.999 (the) -260 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -260.007 (models\056) -339.003 (On) -259.999 (the) -259.999 (contrary) 64.9802 (\054) -263.017 (in) -260.009 (the) ] TJ T* [ (black\055box) -217.986 (setting\054) -225.016 (the) -219.005 (attack) 9.99252 (er) -217.996 (only) -218.003 (has) -219.012 (the) -218.016 (substitute) -219.006 (model) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (\050gradient\055based) -357.006 (attacks\051) -357.014 (or) -355.983 (access) -356.985 (the) -357.014 (outputs) -357.005 (returned) -356.989 (by) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (the) -364.998 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -365.005 (models) -365.012 (\050query\055based) -365.015 (attacks\051\056) -655.015 (Black\055box) -364.995 (at\055) ] TJ T* [ (tack) -249.988 (methods) -250.021 (are) -250.01 (more) -249.99 (practical) -249.979 (on) -249.981 (real) -250.002 (tasks\056) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 236.342 581.691 Td [ (Adv) 9.98045 (ersarial) -709.985 (Attacks) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 91.2887 0 Td [ (Gradient\055based) -709.985 (attacks) -710.018 (such) -710.018 (as) ] TJ -91.2887 -10.9199 Td [ (FGSM) -227.004 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.989 696.921 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 339.089 696.921 Tm [ (\135) -227.02 (and) -227.007 (BIM) -226.983 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 381.676 696.921 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 390.776 696.921 Tm [ (\135) -227.02 (ha) 20.0038 (v) 15.0136 (e) -226.985 (full) -227.018 (access) -227.001 (to) -226.996 (the) -226.991 (models\054) -231.986 (so) ] TJ -90.6617 -10.9195 Td [ (the) 14.9894 (y) -307.022 (usually) -307.017 (use) -307.011 (a) -306.013 (pre\055trained) -306.987 (substitute) -307.006 (model) -307.017 (to) -307.011 (generate) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -385.017 (e) 14.9921 (xamples\054) -419.997 (and) -385.02 (then) -385.009 (attack) -386.007 (the) -385.004 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -385.996 (model) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (using) -401.989 (the) -402 (transferability) -401.018 (of) -402 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -402.019 (e) 14.9921 (xamples\056) -765.983 (FGSM) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (aims) -246 (to) -246.015 (\336nd) -247.005 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -246.021 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -246.007 (by) -245.991 (directly) -247.005 (i) 0.99268 (ncreasing) -247.021 (the) ] TJ T* [ (loss) -385.014 (of) -384.014 (the) -385.001 (model\054) -419.018 (BIM) -384.008 (is) -385.004 (an) -385.009 (iterati) 25.0048 (v) 15.0136 (e) -384.011 (v) 15.0136 (ersion) -384.993 (of) -384.998 (FGSM\056) ] TJ T* [ (Lik) 9.98045 (e) 24.994 (wise\054) -481.997 (DeepF) 14.9787 (ool) -434.989 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 382.559 631.402 Tm (30) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 391.659 631.402 Tm [ (\135) -435.987 (\336nds) -434.981 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -434.986 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -436 (that) ] TJ -91.5445 -10.9195 Td [ (are) -365.998 (lik) 10.0073 (ely) -365.985 (to) -365.995 (cross) -366.019 (the) -365.985 (decision) -365.987 (boundary) 65.0017 (\056) -659.015 (T) 80 (o) -366.003 (\336nd) -365.998 (pertur) 19.9931 (\055) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (bations) -282.978 (with) -282.994 (minimal) ] TJ /R42 9.09982 Tf 80.5316 0 Td (\041) Tj /R44 6.36986 Tf 3.79141 -1.36563 Td (p) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.78125 1.36563 Td [ (norm\054) -291.01 (Nicholas) -282.989 (Carlini) -283.015 (and) -282.983 (Da) 19.9877 (vid) ] TJ -91.1043 -10.9207 Td [ (W) 80.0153 (agner) -225.003 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 333.265 598.642 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.815 598.642 Tm [ (\135) -225.003 (introduced) -225.019 (a) -225.011 (method) -224.995 (to) -224.979 (craft) -225 (these) -225.005 (perturbations) ] TJ -37.7008 -10.9195 Td [ (through) -234.017 (simultaneously) -233.999 (minimizing) -233.988 (the) -233.988 (perturbations\056) -305.015 (Sim\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (ilar) -358.996 (to) -358.998 (this) -358.006 (method\054) -387.003 (Ron) 15.0109 (y) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 98.091 0 Td [ (et) -358.979 (al) ] TJ 3.26684 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 16.9234 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 423.7 576.803 Tm (36) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 432.8 576.803 Tm [ (\135) -359.022 (also) -358.99 (constrain) -357.987 (the) ] TJ /R42 9.09982 Tf 75.2297 0 Td (\041) Tj /R46 6.36986 Tf 3.79258 -1.36484 Td (2) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf -211.709 -9.55508 Td [ (norm) -254 (of) -253.989 (the) -253.989 (perturbations\054) -254.018 (the) 14.9894 (y) -254.008 (decoupled) -254.008 (the) -253.992 (v) 25.0155 (alue) -253.981 (and) -254.008 (di\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (rection) -314.019 (of) -314 (the) -314.988 (per) 1.00609 (turbation\056) -503.009 (In) -313.998 (the) -314.003 (black\055box) -315.001 (sett) 1.00878 (ing\054) -330.981 (these) ] TJ T* [ (attacks) -332.993 (rely) -333 (on) -333.988 (the) -333.017 (transferability) -332.982 (of) -333.014 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -334.023 (e) 14.9921 (xamples\056) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (Ho) 24.9914 (we) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (er) 39.9915 (\054) -250.01 (Liu) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 51.8637 0 Td [ (et) -249.989 (al) ] TJ 2.27496 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 15.9352 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 375.493 533.123 Tm (25) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 384.593 533.123 Tm [ (\135) -249.986 (sho) 25.0048 (wed) -251.019 (that) -249.989 (these) -249.989 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -250 (nearly) ] TJ -84.4789 -10.9199 Td [ (ha) 20.0038 (v) 15.0136 (e) -286.997 (no) -286.983 (transferability) -287.005 (on) -286.983 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -287.008 (attacks\056) -420.998 (Instead\054) -296.988 (Cheng) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 10.9195 TL T* [ (et) -218.996 (al) ] TJ 1.99286 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 15.6504 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 323.063 511.284 Tm (8) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 327.612 511.284 Tm [ (\135) -218.993 (proposed) -218.99 (a) -218.014 (score\055based) -219.012 (attack) -219.023 (method) -218.985 (zeroth) -218.985 (order) ] TJ -27.498 -10.9195 Td [ (based) -293.017 (attack) -292.985 (\050ZOO\051) -293.997 (using) -292.999 (gradient) -292.996 (estimation\054) -303.985 (and) -292.985 (Ilyas) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 209.22 0 Td (et) Tj -209.22 -10.9199 Td (al) Tj 2.15666 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.08906 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 314.665 489.445 Tm (20) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 323.765 489.445 Tm [ (\135) -236.979 (impro) 14.9841 (v) 15.0136 (e) -236.987 (the) -236.99 (w) 10.018 (ay) -236.011 (of) -236.99 (the) -236.993 (gradient) -237.02 (estimation\056) -306.003 (Instead) ] TJ -23.6508 -10.9203 Td [ (of) -293.997 (gradient) -295.013 (estimation\054) -305.018 (Guo) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 104.077 0 Td [ (et) -293.989 (al) ] TJ 2.67535 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 16.3359 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 428.508 478.524 Tm (16) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 437.608 478.524 Tm [ (\135) -295.019 (introduced) -294 (a) -293.994 (simple) ] TJ -137.494 -10.9199 Td [ (black\055box) -376.985 (attack) -377.98 (\050SimB) 34.9852 (A\051) -376.99 (which) -377.009 (decides) -377.996 (the) -377.019 (direction) -377.985 (of) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (the) -304.986 (perturbations) -305.01 (based) -304.994 (on) -305.013 (the) -304.988 (changes) -304.994 (of) -304.983 (output) -305.021 (probabil\055) ] TJ T* [ (ity) 64.9963 (\056) -302.982 (Brendel) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 44.9559 0 Td [ (et) -229.985 (al) ] TJ 2.09296 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 15.7504 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 368.219 445.765 Tm (3) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 372.768 445.765 Tm [ (\135) -229.982 (\336rst) -230.006 (proposed) -229.98 (a) -229.99 (decision\055based) -229.98 (attack\056) ] TJ -72.6543 -10.9195 Td [ (Based) -256.001 (on) -255.99 (this) -256.012 (method\054) -258.008 (Cheng) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 109.489 0 Td [ (et) -255.998 (al) ] TJ 2.32956 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 15.9891 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 433.227 434.845 Tm (9) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 437.777 434.845 Tm [ (\135) -255.998 (and) -255.982 (Cheng) ] TJ /R24 9.09982 Tf 46.9223 0 Td [ (et) -255.998 (al) ] TJ 2.32956 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 15.9891 0 Td (\056\133) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 508.323 434.845 Tm (7) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 512.873 434.845 Tm (\135) Tj -212.759 -10.9195 Td [ (impro) 14.9841 (v) 15.0136 (ed) -227.983 (the) -226.988 (query) -227.983 (ef) 25.0101 (\336cienc) 14.9787 (y) 64.9802 (\054) -231.981 (which) -226.98 (is) -228.021 (an) -226.996 (important) -228.01 (metric) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (for) -250.021 (black\055box) -250.007 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(obability\055only) -269.994 (scenario) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 107.453 0 Td [ (The) -269.983 (other) -270.98 (settings) -270 (of) -270 (this) -270.006 (sce\055) ] TJ -107.453 -10.9199 Td [ (nario) -295.019 (are) -294.997 (the) -294.985 (same) -295.02 (as) -294.984 (the) -294.985 (label\055only) -295.015 (scenario\054) -306.982 (b) 19.9931 (ut) -294.995 (attack) 9.99118 (ers) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (can) -232.996 (access) -233.013 (the) -233 (output) -234.017 (probability) -232.998 (of) -232.998 (the) -232.998 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -233.006 (model\056) -305.005 (W) 80.0153 (e) ] TJ T* [ (name) -324.99 (the) -324.003 (proposed) -325.019 (DaST) -325.018 (on) -323.986 (the) -324.991 (probability\055only) -324.995 (scenario) ] TJ T* [ (as) -249.997 (DaST) 92.0139 (\055P) 110.998 (\056) ] TJ /R8 10.0098 Tf 18.2434 TL T* [ (3\0562\056) -249.996 (Adv) 10.0139 (ersarial) -249.997 (Attack) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.9195 -16.3945 Td [ (In) -300.006 (this) -300.011 (subsection\054) -312.99 (we) -299.988 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-29.0359 Td (min) Tj /R62 6.36986 Tf 5.56367 -5.46055 Td (\041) Tj /R64 9.09982 Tf 8.5957 5.46055 Td (\041) Tj /R42 9.09982 Tf 4.55 0 Td (\043) Tj /R64 9.09982 Tf 3.69375 0 Td (\041) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 9.1 0 Td [ (subject) -249.991 (to) -500.012 (ar) 18.0144 (gmax) ] TJ /R44 6.36986 Tf 49.9602 -7.42969 Td (y) Tj /R66 4.54991 Tf 3.69102 -0.91055 Td (i) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 15.434 8.34023 Td (T) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 6.58164 0 Td (\050) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53867 0 Td (y) Tj /R44 6.36986 Tf 4.46172 -1.36484 Td (i) Tj /R40 9.09982 Tf 3.03008 1.36484 Td (\174) Tj ET Q 3.63533 w 0 G 1938.59 4471.71 m 2017.7 4471.71 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R54 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 193.859 439.654 Tm (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 8.92305 0 Td (\075) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf 8.08906 0 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 8.4168 0 Td (\053) Tj 0.00819 Tc /R42 9.09982 Tf 7.5832 0 Td (\043) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.69375 0 Td (\054) Tj /R42 9.09982 Tf 4.04844 0 Td (\042) Tj 0 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 4.52109 0 Td (\051) Tj /R64 9.09982 Tf 6.06562 0 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-267.012 (to) -267.994 (the) -266.996 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) ] TJ T* [ (model\056) -332.005 (Current) -257.006 (attack) -257.011 (methods) -258.005 (utilize) -257.007 (the) -256.994 (same) -256.986 (training) -258.013 (set) ] TJ T* [ (of) -202.992 (the) -202.005 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -203 (model) -202.018 (or) -202.992 (collect) -203.003 (a) -202.003 (lot) -202.996 (of) -202.992 (other) -201.997 (images) -202.987 (labeled) ] TJ 236.342 574.562 Td [ (by) -302.995 (the) -303.011 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -303.019 (model) -304.012 (to) -302.979 (train) -302.987 (the) -303.014 (substitute) -303.014 (model\056) -470.015 (In) -303.008 (the) ] TJ T* [ (ne) 14.9814 (xt) -311.994 (tw) 9.98313 (o) -312.002 (subsections\054) -328.016 (we) -312.007 (will) -311.996 (introduce) -312.023 (a) -311.98 (method) -312.994 (that) -312.018 (can) ] TJ T* [ (train) -244.006 (a) -243.984 (substitute) -243.002 (model) -244 (without) -243.984 (an) 14.9814 (y) -244.006 (image\056) -307.988 (The) -244.011 (whole) 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-10.9207 Td [ (use) -335.987 (a) -336.019 (generati) 24.9833 (v) 15.0136 (e) -336.019 (model) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 88.6922 0 Td (G) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.2133 0 Td [ (to) -335.99 (produce) -335.987 (training) -336.008 (data) -337.001 (for) -336.003 (the) ] TJ -98.9055 -10.9195 Td [ (substitute) -344.996 (model) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 63.9188 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td [ (\056) -595.012 (The) -346.008 (generat) 0.97658 (or) -345.978 (randomly) -345.007 (samples) -344.991 (the) ] TJ -71.7055 -10.9195 Td [ (noise) -321.995 (v) 15.0136 (ector) ] TJ /R54 9.09982 Tf 47.6785 0 Td (z) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.58398 0 Td [ (from) -322.012 (the) -321.985 (input) -322.996 (space) -322.02 (and) -322.004 (produces) -322.98 (the) -321.987 (data) ] TJ /R68 9.09982 Tf -53.834 -8.59414 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 11.5875 0 Td (\075) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 10.7535 0 Td (G) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.15469 0 Td (\050) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td (z) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 4.65078 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 3.53867 0 Td [ (\056) -514.009 (Then\054) -336.019 (the) -317.993 (generated) -318.011 (data) -317.985 (is) -317.995 (used) -318.011 (to) -318 (probe) -318 (the) ] TJ -41.2246 -12.0824 Td (output) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 25.2484 0 Td (T) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 6.58086 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32578 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42773 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 5.52813 0 Td [ (of) -219.004 (the) -218.016 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -219.012 (model) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 79.6336 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.58203 0 Td [ (\056) -300.02 (The) -217.998 (substitute) -219.006 (model) ] TJ -135.024 -12.0824 Td [ (is) -318.983 (trained) -318.999 (by) -319.007 (the) -318.98 (image\055output) -318.983 (pair) ] TJ /R58 9.09982 Tf 131.659 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.9668 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj 1.52695 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 7.91211 0 Td (\054T) Tj 0 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 10.6254 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42773 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj 0.00819 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051\051) Tj 0 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.07695 0 Td [ (\056) -517.014 (As) -319.015 (sho) 25.0048 (wn) ] TJ -172.263 -10.9203 Td [ (in) -301.992 (Figure) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 336.45 540.488 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 341 540.488 Tm [ (\054) -314.014 (the) -301.981 (objecti) 25.0048 (v) 15.0136 (e) -301.978 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 65.0707 0 Td (G) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 9.90117 0 Td [ (is) -301.984 (to) -301.989 (create) -300.98 (ne) 24.9833 (w) -302.016 (samples) -302.021 (to) ] TJ -115.857 -10.9199 Td [ (e) 14.9921 (xplore) -378.994 (the) -378.991 (dif) 25 (ference) -379.021 (between) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 119.038 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.0301 0 Td (and) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 16.5871 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td [ (\054) -410.985 (and) -379.01 (the) -378.994 (role) -379.016 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf -153.442 -10.9195 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.8219 0 Td [ (is) -334.007 (to) -332.985 (imitate) -334.01 (the) -333.017 (output) -333.993 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 98.5996 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.58203 0 Td [ (\056) -561.014 (It) -332.998 (is) -334.007 (a) -333.014 (special) -333.98 (tw) 9.98045 (o\055player) ] TJ -116.004 -10.9199 Td [ (g) 5.01169 (ame\054) -235.013 (the) -230.98 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -230.988 (model) -230.994 (in) 40.005 (v) 19.9931 (olv) 15.0136 (ed) -230.988 (in) -230.988 (this) -230.983 (g) 5.01169 (ame) -231.015 (is) -230.983 (a) -230.978 (referee\056) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (T) 79.9965 (o) -372.013 (simplify) -371.986 (the) -372.982 (e) 14.9921 (xpression) -372.008 (b) 19.9931 (ut) -372.002 (without) -371.992 (loss) -372.008 (of) -372.979 (generality) 64.9856 (\054) ] TJ T* [ (we) -265.99 (utilize) -267.009 (the) -266.008 (binary) -266.011 (classi\336cation) -266.988 (as) -266.006 (a) -266.993 (case) -265.99 (to) -266.016 (analyze) -267.02 (\050the) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (output) -239.984 (probability) -240.982 (can) -239.992 (be) -240.003 (considered) -239.987 (as) -240.979 (one) -240.014 (scalar) -239.992 (in) -240.99 (binary) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (classi\336cation\054) -265.018 (so) -262.979 (does) -261.992 (the) -262.016 (output) -262.008 (label\051\056) -346.981 (The) -261.997 (v) 25.0155 (alue) -262.995 (function) ] TJ T* [ (of) -249.997 (the) -249.997 (g) 5.01169 (ame) -249.989 (is) -250 (presented) -249.981 (as\072) ] TJ 43.3977 -19.4016 Td (max) Tj /R44 6.36986 Tf 5.00156 -5.97461 Td (G) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 12.943 5.97461 Td (min) Tj /R44 6.36986 Tf 4.00625 -5.86953 Td (D) Tj /R40 9.09982 Tf 14.7027 5.86953 Td (V) Tj 0.00255 Tc /R44 6.36986 Tf 5.57656 -1.36563 Td (G\054D) Tj 0 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 16.9551 1.36563 Td (\075) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 9.60547 0 Td (d) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 4.73594 0 Td (\050) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53867 0 Td (T) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 6.58164 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32578 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051) Tj 1.52695 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td (\054D) Tj 0 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 11.8305 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32578 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42773 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj 0.00819 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051\051) Tj 0 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 39.8645 -1.26875 Td (\0503\051) Tj -205.18 -23.0477 Td (where) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 25.7578 0 Td (d) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 4.73594 0 Td (\050) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td (T) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 6.58125 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.9668 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42734 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051) Tj 1.52695 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53867 0 Td (\054D) Tj 0 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 11.8313 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.9668 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj 0.00819 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91211 0 Td (\051\051) Tj 0 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.6043 0 Td [ (is) -388.009 (a) -387.016 (metric) -388.009 (to) -386.984 (measure) -387.982 (the) -387.021 (output) ] TJ -89.4902 -10.9195 Td [ (distance) -286.986 (between) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 65.3691 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 9.19531 0 Td (and) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 15.7543 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td [ (\056) -422.017 (F) 14.9948 (or) -286.997 (label\055only) -286.986 (attack) -288.006 (scenario\054) ] TJ -98.1055 -10.9199 Td [ (this) -250.002 (measurement) -250.01 (can) -249.994 (be) -250.005 (formulated) -250.01 (as\072) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 52.1551 -19.0801 Td (d) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 4.73594 0 Td (\050) Tj 0.75892 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td [ (T\054) -84 (D) ] TJ 2.53794 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 17.9063 0 Td (\051\075) Tj 0 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 15.6723 0 Td (CE) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 11.6293 0 Td (\050) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td (D) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32578 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051) Tj 1.52695 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53828 0 Td (\054T) Tj 0 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 10.6266 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32578 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj 0.00819 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051\051) Tj 0 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 7.07813 0 Td (\054) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 44.0723 0.53633 Td (\0504\051) Tj -205.18 -21.2437 Td (where) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 26.1734 0 Td (D) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.48164 0 Td (and) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 17.0824 0 Td (T) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 6.58203 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42891 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91211 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.48164 0 Td [ (in) -433.004 (this) -433.983 (s) 0.98731 (cenario) -434 (denote) -433.001 (the) -432.996 (out\055) ] TJ -95.4887 -10.9199 Td [ (put) -278.006 (labels) -278.014 (of) -279.015 (the) -277.985 (substitute) -277.988 (model) -277.998 (and) -278.004 (those) -277.998 (of) -279.012 (the) -277.988 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) ] TJ T* [ (model\054) -417 (respecti) 24.9914 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.999 (\056) -711.987 (CE) ] TJ /R58 9.09982 Tf 92.2195 0 Td (\050) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td (D) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32617 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32617 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051) Tj 1.52695 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53867 0 Td (\054T) Tj 0 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 10.6262 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32617 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32617 Td (X) Tj 0.00819 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051\051) Tj 0 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.5719 0 Td [ (denotes) -383.984 (the) -384.016 (cross) ] TJ -151.183 -10.9199 Td [ (entrop) 10.0073 (y) -200.993 (loss\054) -210.995 (and) -200.006 (the) -201.017 (output) -201.007 (labels) -201.004 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 133.358 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 8.40977 0 Td [ (are) -200.988 (utilized) -200.999 (as) -201.015 (the) -201.02 (la\055) ] TJ -141.768 -10.9195 Td [ (bel) -228.018 (of) -228.018 (this) -226.993 (loss\056) -302.987 (The) -228.002 (function) -227.981 (of) -228.016 (cross) -226.98 (entrop) 10.0073 (y) -227.994 (loss) -227.989 (is) -228.021 (to) -227.983 (con\055) ] TJ T* [ (strain) -251.006 (the) -250.984 (dif) 25 (ference) -249.983 (between) -251.003 (the) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 120.845 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 8.86367 0 Td (and) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 15.4227 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td [ (\056) -311.996 (F) 14.9975 (or) -250.981 (probability\055) ] TJ -152.918 -10.9199 Td [ (only) -249.983 (attack) -250.016 (scenario\054) -250.018 (this) -250.002 (measurement) -250.01 (is) -250 (formulated) -250.01 (as\072) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 53.9336 -19.0801 Td (d) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 4.73672 0 Td (\050) Tj 0.75892 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53867 0 Td [ (T\054) -84 (D) ] TJ 2.53794 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 17.907 0 Td (\051\075) Tj 0 Tc /R64 9.09982 Tf 15.6723 0 Td (\041) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 4.54961 0 Td (D) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32578 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42891 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91211 0 Td (\051) Tj 1.52695 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td (\054T) Tj 0 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 10.6254 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32578 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42773 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91094 0 Td (\051) Tj /R64 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td (\041) Tj /R44 6.36986 Tf 4.54961 -1.36523 Td (F) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 6.04961 1.36523 Td (\054) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 45.8516 0.53633 Td (\0505\051) Tj -205.18 -21.2437 Td (where) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 25.218 0 Td (D) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.52617 0 Td (and) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 16.1273 0 Td (T) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 6.58164 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.52617 0 Td [ (in) -328.005 (this) -327.997 (scenario) -329 (denote) -328.003 (the) -327.997 (output) ] TJ -91.6668 -10.9199 Td [ (probabilities) -406.998 (of) -405.992 (the) -406.98 (substitute) -405.995 (model) -406.993 (and) -406.998 (those) -406.006 (of) -406.977 (the) -406.982 (at\055) ] TJ T* [ (tack) 10.018 (ed) -250.005 (model\054) -250.016 (respecti) 24.9914 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.999 (\056) ] TJ 10.9199 -10.9199 Td [ (Hence) -427.987 (the) -428.014 (substitute) -428.016 (model) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 107.573 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 11.6805 0 Td [ (replicates) -428 (the) -428.016 (informa\055) ] TJ -130.173 -10.9195 Td [ (tion) -382.997 (of) -381.996 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -382.992 (model) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 88.6445 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.0629 0 Td [ (by) -383.01 (this) -381.999 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -383.002 (training\056) -708.016 (In) ] TJ -98.7074 -10.9195 Td [ (the) -327.007 (training\054) -347.003 (the) -327.007 (loss) -327.021 (function) -328 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 122.938 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.7656 0 Td [ (is) -327.01 (set) -327.986 (to) ] TJ /R40 9.09982 Tf 32.1934 0 Td (L) Tj /R44 6.36986 Tf 6.27617 -1.36563 Td (D) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 10.4309 1.36563 Td (\075) Tj /R40 9.09982 Tf 10.9078 0 Td (V) Tj 0.00255 Tc /R44 6.36986 Tf 5.57656 -1.36563 Td (G\054D) Tj 0 Tc /R10 9.09982 Tf 14.427 1.36563 Td (\056) Tj -213.515 -10.9199 Td [ (In) -294.984 (order) -295.995 (to) -294.995 (maintain) -296.003 (the) -294.984 (stability) -295.995 (of) -294.981 (training\054) -306.995 (the) -294.987 (loss) -295.985 (func\055) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (tion) -352.991 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 28.1574 0 Td (G) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.3633 0 Td [ (is) -352.98 (designed) -352.012 (as) ] TJ /R40 9.09982 Tf 55.6262 0 Td (L) Tj /R44 6.36986 Tf 6.27695 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4321.41 6257.35 l 4321.56 6257.2 l 4318.07 6260.54 l 4318.22 6260.38 l 4314.61 6263.49 l 4314.77 6263.38 l 4311.01 6266.25 l 4311.2 6266.14 l 4307.29 6268.79 l 4307.44 6268.71 l 4303.41 6271.2 l 4303.6 6271.09 l 4299.46 6273.39 l 4299.57 6273.31 l 4295.35 6275.46 l 4295.5 6275.38 l 4291.13 6277.34 l 4291.36 6277.27 l 4282.34 6280.68 l 4282.57 6280.6 l 4273.21 6283.48 l 4273.41 6283.4 l 4263.73 6285.78 l 4263.89 6285.75 l 4253.91 6287.7 l 4254.07 6287.7 l 4243.86 6289.27 l 4243.98 6289.27 l 4233.58 6290.54 l 4233.65 6290.54 l 4223.14 6291.65 l 4223.22 6291.61 l 4201.92 6293.46 l h 4418.82 5945.52 m 4456.43 5929.49 l 4416.21 5922.2 l f Q q 180 580 5590 7260 re W n 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 539.166 Tm [ (Figure) -263.016 (1\056) -264.016 (The) -262.979 (proposed) -263.001 (adv) 14.981 (ersarial) -262.979 (data\055free) -264.012 (imitation\056) -349.981 (The) -262.978 (architecture) -262.987 (of) -263.004 (G) -264.018 (is) -263.022 (sho) 24.9897 (wn) -263.013 (in) -264.015 (the) -263.013 (blue) -263.01 (dotted) -263.979 (block\056) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 369.023 0 Td (N) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 9.76992 0 Td [ (denotes) -263.019 (the) -264.015 (number) -263.019 (of) ] TJ -378.793 -10.0102 Td [ (cate) 15 (gories\056) -339.987 (In) -260.001 (the) -260.009 (training) -260.007 (stage\054) -261.997 (the) -260.009 (objecti) 24.9837 (v) 14.9795 (e) -259.994 (of) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 160.543 0 Td (G) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 8.72031 0 Td [ (is) -260.017 (to) -260.009 (generate) -260.023 (samples) ] TJ /R92 8.1899 Tf 75.7938 2.09375 Td (\041) Tj /R94 8.1899 Tf -1.31797 -2.09375 Td (X) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 9.80547 0 Td (\075) Tj /R90 8.1899 Tf 9.03984 0 Td (G) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 6.59102 0 Td (\050) Tj /R94 8.1899 Tf 3.27383 0 Td (X) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 7.3125 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 5.40195 0 Td [ (and) -259.985 (let) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 24.2734 0 Td (y) Tj /R98 5.45993 Tf 4.14609 -0.90977 Td (D) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 6.08203 0.90977 Td (\050) Tj /R92 8.1899 Tf 4.5918 2.09375 Td (\041) Tj /R94 8.1899 Tf -1.31797 -2.09375 Td (X) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 7.3125 0 Td (\051) Tj /R100 8.1899 Tf 5.76641 0 Td (\041) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 0 0 Td (\075) Tj /R90 8.1899 Tf 9.03984 0 Td (y) Tj /R98 5.45993 Tf 4.14609 -0.90977 Td (T) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 5.33125 0.90977 Td (\050) Tj /R92 8.1899 Tf 4.5918 2.09375 Td (\041) Tj /R94 8.1899 Tf -1.31914 -2.09375 Td (X) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 7.31289 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 3.27344 0 Td [ (\056) -340 (The) -260.02 (objecti) 24.9867 (v) 14.9825 (e) -259.991 (of) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 60.4707 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 9.30391 0 Td [ (is) -260.02 (to) ] TJ -438.169 -10.9652 Td (guarantee) Tj /R90 8.1899 Tf 33.8809 0 Td (y) Tj /R98 5.45993 Tf 4.1457 -0.90977 Td (D) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 6.08242 0.90977 Td (\050) Tj /R92 8.1899 Tf 4.59141 2.09336 Td (\041) Tj /R94 8.1899 Tf -1.31797 -2.09336 Td (X) Tj 2.33985 Tc /R96 8.1899 Tf 7.31289 0 Td (\051\075) Tj 0 Tc /R90 8.1899 Tf 14.4965 0 Td (y) Tj /R98 5.45993 Tf 4.14492 -0.90977 Td (T) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 5.33164 0.90977 Td (\050) Tj /R92 8.1899 Tf 4.59141 2.09336 Td (\041) Tj /R94 8.1899 Tf -1.31797 -2.09336 Td (X) Tj /R96 8.1899 Tf 7.31289 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 3.27344 0 Td [ (\056) -309.998 (In) -249.985 (the) -249.992 (testing) -249.989 (stage\054) -249.977 (the) -249.992 (substitute) -250.013 (model) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 138.35 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 9.22227 0 Td [ (is) -250.001 (utilized) -250.001 (to) -249.992 (generate) -250.007 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -250.004 (e) 15.0242 (xamples) -250.016 (to) -249.992 (attack) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 173.066 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 6.07969 0 Td (\056) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf -408.327 -29.3465 Td [ (W) 80.0153 (e) -344.005 (suppose) -344.002 (that) ] TJ /R64 9.09982 Tf 64.2676 0 Td (\044) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 9.61641 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 12.0266 0 Td (\075) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 11.193 0 Td (G) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.15469 0 Td (\050) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf 3.53828 0 Td (z) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 4.65117 0 Td (\051) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 3.53945 0 Td (\054) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 5.47227 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R64 9.09982 Tf 12.0266 0 Td (\045) Tj /R102 9.09982 Tf 10.1816 0 Td (R) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.57188 0 Td (\054) Tj /R102 9.09982 Tf 5.62188 0 Td (R) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 9.70391 0 Td [ (is) -344.009 (the) -344.006 (input) ] TJ -173.628 -12.0824 Td [ (space) -225.991 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 31.9086 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.58125 0 Td [ (\056) -301.994 (If) -226.016 (the) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 26.3223 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 9.84453 0 Td [ (can) -226 (achie) 25.0101 (v) 15.0149 (e) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 44.1754 0 Td (D) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj 2.53794 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td (\051\075) Tj 0 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf 15.6723 0 Td (T) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 6.58086 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96719 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42773 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91211 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 3.53828 0 Td [ (\054) -230.994 (the) -226 (adv) 15.0136 (er) 19.9877 (\055) ] TJ -175.312 -10.9199 Td [ (sarial) -293.01 (attacks) -294.015 (carried) -292.999 (out) -294.017 (by) -292.993 (our) -293.019 (substitute) -294 (model) -292.98 (will) -294.01 (ha) 20.0038 (v) 15.0136 (e) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (the) -351.004 (same) -351.983 (success) -350.995 (rate) -351.997 (as) -351.003 (the) -351.005 (white\055box) -351.98 (attack) -351.022 (without) -351.99 (the) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (gradient) -407.996 (information) -408.98 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 91.516 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.58203 0 Td [ (\056) -785.005 (Therefore\054) -447.985 (for) -407.991 (a) -408.994 (well\055) 1.00341 (trained) ] TJ -98.098 -10.9195 Td [ (substitute) -408.012 (netw) 9.98313 (ork\054) -447.002 (adv) 15.0149 (ersarial) -407.983 (e) 14.9908 (xamples) -406.985 (generated) -407.983 (by) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 208.004 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf -208.004 -10.9199 Td [ (ha) 20.0038 (v) 15.0149 (e) -249.995 (strong) -250.01 (transferability) -250.003 (for) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 110.371 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.58086 0 Td (\056) Tj -106.033 -11.2504 Td [ (Ho) 24.9907 (we) 25.0095 (v) 15.0149 (er) 39.9929 (\054) -480.011 (it) -434.018 (is) -432.996 (impossible) -433.992 (to) -433.991 (guarantee) -433.996 (that) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 169.392 0 Td (D) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.96602 2.32578 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42773 -2.32578 Td (X) Tj 5.63188 Tc /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91211 0 Td (\051\075) Tj 0 Tc /R56 9.09982 Tf -199.548 -12.0832 Td (T) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 6.58203 0 Td (\050) Tj /R68 9.09982 Tf 4.9668 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42852 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 7.91211 0 Td (\051) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 5.66289 0 Td [ (in) -233.009 (a) -233.984 (limited) -232.98 (time\056) -305.021 (If) -233.013 (we) -234.009 (do) -232.982 (not) -233.018 (constrain) -234.015 (the) -232.998 (output) -234.017 (of) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf -23.6953 -10.9195 Td (G) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.15469 0 Td [ (\054) -226.014 (the) -219.992 (synthetic) -219.988 (training) -219.979 (data) -221.013 (for) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 112.407 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 8.58477 0 Td [ (is) -219.994 (lik) 10.0073 (ely) -219.991 (only) -220.021 (distrib) 19.9797 (uted) ] TJ -128.147 -10.9199 Td [ (in) -320.021 (a) -320.009 (small) -320.986 (range) -320 (of) ] TJ /R102 9.09982 Tf 73.1996 0 Td (R) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.57188 0 Td [ (\054) -338.01 (thus) -319.989 (this) -320.016 (training) -320 (cannot) -321.008 (w) 10.018 (ork\056) -520.019 (F) 14.9948 (or) ] TJ -79.7715 -10.9195 Td [ (addressing) -290.997 (t) 0.99402 (his) -291.004 (problem\054) -301.003 (we) -289.986 (design) -291.013 (a) -290.003 (label\055controllable) -291.008 (ar) 19.9877 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (chitecture) -280.982 (for) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 51.6008 0 Td (G) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.1543 0 Td [ (\054) -288 (which) -280.983 (can) -280.988 (control) -280.984 (the) -280.003 (distrib) 19.9797 (ution) -281.014 (of) -280.99 (syn\055) ] TJ -58.7551 -10.9199 Td [ (thetic) -250.017 (data) -249.988 (and) -250.014 (speed) -250.006 (up) -249.981 (the) -249.998 (con) 39.9982 (v) 15.0149 (er) 18.0144 (gence) -249.994 (of) -249.997 (training\056) ] TJ /R8 10.0098 Tf 19.1922 TL T* [ (3\0564\056) -249.996 (Label\055contr) 18.006 (ollable) -249.996 (Data) -249.997 (Generation) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.9195 -16.7098 Td [ (In) -206.984 (this) -206.002 (subsection\054) -214.989 (we) -207.008 (introduce) -206.979 (the) -205.998 (label\055controllable) -207 (ar) 19.9877 (\055) ] TJ -10.9195 -10.9207 Td [ (chitecture) -249.989 (for) -250.021 (the) -249.998 (generati) 24.982 (v) 15.0149 (e) -249.995 (model) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 129.271 0 Td (G) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.15469 0 Td (\056) Tj -125.507 -11.2504 Td [ (T) 79.9972 (o) -333.979 (obtain) -334.018 (equally) -334.008 (distrib) 19.9797 (uted) -332.985 (synthetic) -334.002 (data) -333.996 (to) -334.015 (train) -333.98 (the) ] TJ -10.9195 -10.9195 Td [ (substitute) -294.986 (model) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 63.0082 0 Td (D) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.78672 0 Td [ (\054) -305.987 (we) -295.995 (consider) -295.02 (de) 24.9833 (v) 15.0149 (eloping) -295.008 (a) -294.981 (method) -295.008 (that) ] TJ -70.7949 -10.9195 Td [ (can) -269.012 (control) -269.008 (the) -269.015 (distrib) 19.9797 (ution) -268.993 (of) ] TJ /R68 9.09982 Tf 112.569 2.32539 Td (\041) Tj /R54 9.09982 Tf -1.42773 -2.32539 Td (X) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.91172 0 Td [ (\056) -366.985 (F) 14.9948 (or) -269.013 (training) -269.99 (a) -269.011 (replication) ] TJ -119.053 -10.9199 Td (of) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 10.1195 0 Td (T) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 6.58086 0 Td [ (\054) -285.982 (the) -279.016 (synthetic) -279.012 (data) -279.007 (is) -279.018 (used) -278.991 (to) -278.983 (probe) -278.98 (the) -279.015 (information) -278.996 (of) ] TJ -16.7004 -10.9195 Td [ (the) -385.989 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -385.996 (model\056) -717.013 (The) -386.014 (label) -386.015 (of) -385.988 (samples\054) -419.989 (which) -385.983 (is) -385.991 (pro\055) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (duced) -400.987 (by) -400.01 (the) -401.014 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -401.021 (model\054) -437.99 (should) -399.98 (span) -400.989 (all) -400.997 (cate) 15.0163 (gories\056) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (Therefore\054) -456.012 (as) -414.02 (sho) 25.0061 (wn) -415.008 (in) -413.987 (the) -415.008 (blue) -413.987 (dotted) -415.02 (box) -415.001 (of) -414.02 (Figure) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 272.741 220.638 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 277.291 220.638 Tm (\054) Tj -213.518 -10.9199 Td [ (we) -308.015 (design) -309 (a) -307.989 (generati) 24.982 (v) 15.0149 (e) -309.02 (netw) 9.98313 (ork) -308 (which) -307.985 (contains) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 177.891 0 Td (N) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 11.1098 0 Td (upsam\055) Tj -189 -10.9195 Td [ (pling) 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(DaST) 92.0055 (\055L) -255.981 (and) -255.978 (DaST) 92.0055 (\055P) 110.983 (\054) -256.005 (respecti) 24.9808 (v) 14.9825 (ely) 64.9917 (\056) -327.981 (\050) -256.998 (\051) -255.996 (denotes) -256.008 (the) -256.002 (a) 19.9846 (v) 14.9825 (erage) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 204.492 0 Td (L) Tj /R98 5.45993 Tf 5.72773 -0.90977 Td (F) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf -210.22 -9.1 Td [ (perturbation) -249.998 (distance) -250.019 (per) -249.986 (image\056) ] TJ ET Q 3001.14 6637.19 m 5202.12 6637.19 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 647.705 Tm (Attack) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 105.425 5.46016 Td [ (Non\055tar) 10.018 (geted) ] TJ ET Q 3.63533 w 3532.48 6497.07 m 5202.11 6497.07 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 360.86 640.425 Tm [ (Pre\055trained) -2330.01 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) -2958 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) ] TJ ET Q 4.54873 w 3001.14 6353.55 m 5202.12 6353.55 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 624.936 Tm [ (FGSM) -250.013 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 335.659 624.936 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 344.758 624.936 Tm [ (\135) -1200 (59\05672) -250.005 (\0505\05640\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 69.6039 0 Td (69\05676) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0505\05641\051) -1200.01 (35\05674) -250.005 (\0505\05640\051) ] TJ -131.537 -10.9195 Td [ (BIM) -249.991 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 328.069 614.017 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.169 614.017 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (85\05670) -250.005 (\0504\05680\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 77.193 0 Td (96\05636) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0504\05681\051) -1200.01 (64\05661) -250.005 (\0504\05682\051) ] TJ -131.539 -10.9199 Td [ (PGD) -250 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.079 603.097 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.178 603.097 Tm [ (\135) -1923.01 (37\05693) -250.005 (\0503\05698\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 76.184 0 Td (53\05699) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0503\05699\051) -1200.01 (23\05622) -250.005 (\0503\05698\051) ] TJ -131.539 -10.9195 Td [ (C\046W) -250.002 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 332.618 592.177 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.168 592.177 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (23\05634) -250.005 (\0502\05691\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 77.1941 0 Td (27\05635) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0502\05674\051) -1200.01 (18\05616) -250.005 (\0502\05675\051) ] TJ ET Q 7.27979 w 3001.14 5885.37 m 5202.12 5885.37 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 572.523 Tm (Attack) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 113.929 5.45937 Td [ (T) 91.9972 (ar) 10.0019 (geted) ] TJ ET Q 3.63533 w 3532.48 5745.24 m 5202.11 5745.24 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 360.86 565.243 Tm [ (Pre\055trained) -2330.01 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) -2958 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) ] TJ ET Q 4.54873 w 3001.14 5601.72 m 5202.12 5601.72 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 549.754 Tm [ (FGSM) -250.013 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 335.659 549.754 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 344.758 549.754 Tm [ (\135) -1200 (12\05610) -250.005 (\0505\05646\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 69.6039 0 Td (20\05645) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0504\05649\051) -1200.01 (13\05610) -250.005 (\0505\05646\051) ] TJ -131.537 -10.9195 Td [ (BIM) -249.991 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 328.069 538.834 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.169 538.834 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (37\05683) -250.005 (\0504\05690\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 77.193 0 Td (57\05622) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0504\05687\051) -1200.01 (29\05618) -250.005 (\0504\05687\051) ] TJ -131.539 -10.9195 Td [ (PGD) -250 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.079 527.914 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.178 527.914 Tm [ (\135) -1923.01 (28\05695) -250.005 (\0504\05660\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 76.184 0 Td (47\05657) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0504\05663\051) -1200.01 (19\05625) -250.005 (\0504\05663\051) ] TJ -131.539 -10.9199 Td [ (C\046W) -250.002 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 332.618 516.995 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.168 516.995 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (10\05632) -250.005 (\0502\05657\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 77.1941 0 Td (23\05680) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0502\05699\051) -1200.01 (12\05631) -250.005 (\0502\05698\051) ] TJ ET Q 7.27979 w 3001.14 5117.88 m 5202.12 5117.88 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 488.331 Tm [ (descent) -394.995 (\050PGD\051) -396.001 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 361.893 488.331 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 370.993 488.331 Tm [ (\135\054) -432 (C\046W) -395.008 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 408.593 488.331 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 413.143 488.331 Tm [ (\135\056) -746.999 (F) 14.9975 (or) -395 (testing\054) -432.008 (we) -394.984 (use) -395.998 (Ad\055) ] TJ -113.029 -10.9199 Td [ (v) 15.0136 (erT) 79.9831 (orch) -259.011 (library) -257.992 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 364.596 477.411 Tm (11) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 373.695 477.411 Tm [ (\135) -259 (to) -258.979 (generate) -259.019 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -258 (e) 14.9921 (xamples\056) -337.017 (F) 14.9975 (or) ] TJ -73.5812 -10.9195 Td [ (e) 24.994 (v) 25.0155 (aluating) -404.015 (perform) 0.98731 (ances) -404.007 (of) -404.018 (the) -402.99 (proposed) -404.004 (method) -403.011 (in) -403.983 (real\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (w) 10.018 (orld) -191.018 (tasks\054) -203 (we) -190.009 (apply) -190.994 (our) -190.981 (attack) -190.991 (to) -190.981 (the) -191.018 (online) -190.986 (MNIST) -191.002 (model) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (of) -263.004 (Microsoft) -262.985 (Azure\056) -349.984 (The) -262.987 (training) -262.99 (tricks) -262.979 (and) -264.01 (machine) -262.995 (learn\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (ing) -419.02 (methods) -418.98 (utilized) -418.98 (by) -418.983 (this) -419.004 (online) -419.012 (model) -419.012 (cannot) -419.007 (be) -419.007 (ac\055) ] TJ (cessed\056) ' /R8 9.09982 Tf 15.0008 TL T* [ (Ev) 10 (aluation) -434 (criteri) 1.01414 (a) -0.99804 (\072) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 87.2625 0 Td [ (for) -434.005 (e) 24.994 (v) 25.0155 (aluating) -432.99 (the) -433.983 (performance) -432.985 (of) ] TJ -87.2625 -10.9195 Td [ (our) -263.012 (DaST) 73.9841 (\054) -263.017 (we) -262.985 (set) -262.995 (the) -263.004 (attack) -263.022 (success) -262.995 (rates) -263.999 (of) -263 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -263.022 (e) 14.9921 (x\055) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (amples) -215.993 (generated) -217.002 (by) -215.983 (other) -215.991 (pre\055trained) -217.01 (netw) 9.98045 (orks) -216.007 (as) -215.996 (the) -216.989 (base\055) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (line\056) -360.018 (The) -266.98 (goals) -267.006 (of) -266.996 (non\055tar) 18.0104 (geted) -266.011 (attacks) -267.014 (and) -267.014 (tar) 18.0185 (geted) -266.998 (attacks) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (are) -334.018 (to) -334.015 (lead) -333.996 (the) -333.017 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -334.012 (model) -334.018 (to) -334.012 (output) -333.996 (wrong) -334.007 (labels) -333.991 (and) ] TJ T* [ (speci\336c) -314.011 (wrong) -313.016 (labels\054) -329.014 (respecti) 24.9887 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.9963 (\056) -501.002 (In) -313.998 (the) -313.016 (non\055tar) 18.0077 (geted) -314.003 (at\055) ] TJ T* [ (tack) -222 (scenario\054) -227.01 (we) -221.99 (only) -221.008 (generate) -222.017 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -220.997 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -222.011 (on) -221.995 (the) ] TJ T* [ (images) -354.99 (classi\336ed) -355 (correctly) -354.987 (by) -354.982 (the) -354.998 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -355.003 (model\056) -624.98 (In) -354.993 (tar) 19.9931 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (geted) -429.988 (attacks\054) -475 (we) -430.012 (only) -430.018 (generate) -430.984 (adv) 15.0136 (ersari) 1.00341 (al) -431.01 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -429.991 (on) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (the) -375.986 (images) -375.981 (which) -375.981 (are) -376 (not) -376.008 (classi\336ed) -375.995 (to) -375.995 (the) -375.989 (speci\336c) -376 (wrong) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (labels\056) -722.007 (The) -387.003 (success) -387.011 (rates) -386.984 (of) -387.019 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -386.994 (attack) -387.982 (are) -386.989 (calcu\055) ] TJ T* [ (lated) -224.01 (by) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 30.873 0 Td [ (n) -0.20122 (\057m) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 18.002 0 Td [ (\054) -230.006 (whe) 1.00341 (re) ] TJ /R56 9.09982 Tf 28.6359 0 Td (n) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.50391 0 Td (and) Tj /R56 9.09982 Tf 15.1824 0 Td (m) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.0309 0 Td [ (are) -223.997 (the) -225.016 (number) -223.997 (of) -225.011 (adv) 15.0136 (ersari) 1.00341 (al) ] TJ -110.228 -10.9195 Td [ (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -335.984 (which) -334.986 (can) -336.019 (fool) -335.982 (the) -334.992 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -335.987 (model) -335.005 (and) -335.998 (the) -335.982 (total) ] TJ T* [ (number) -250.007 (of) -249.997 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -250.013 (e) 14.9921 (xamples\054) -250.005 (respecti) 24.9887 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.9963 (\056) ] TJ /R8 10.0098 Tf 17.9164 TL T* [ (4\0562\056) -249.996 (Experiments) -250.003 (on) -250.02 (MNIST) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.9199 -16.3801 Td [ (In) -195.995 (this) -196 (subsection\054) -207.006 (we) -196.019 (emplo) 9.99654 (y) -196.014 (the) -195.998 (proposed) -197.012 (DaST) -195.982 (to) -196.003 (train) ] TJ -10.9199 -10.9195 Td [ (a) -411.012 (substitute) -411.017 (model) -410.985 (for) -410.996 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -410.99 (attacks) -410.99 (on) -411.001 (the) -411.017 (MNIST) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (dataset) -227.994 (and) -227.007 (e) 24.994 (v) 25.0155 (aluate) -227.994 (the) -228.018 (performance) -227.023 (in) -227.983 (terms) -227.007 (of) -228.016 (attack) -227.994 (suc\055) ] TJ T* [ (cess) -249.989 (rate) -250.002 (in) -250.007 (label\055only) -249.986 (and) -250.016 (probability\055only) -250 (scenarios\056) ] TJ 10.9199 -10.9195 Td [ (First\054) -497.995 (we) -447.999 (conduct) -447.996 (e) 14.9921 (xperiments) -448.009 (to) -447.983 (e) 24.994 (v) 25.0155 (aluate) -448.981 (the) -448.02 (perfor) 20.0038 (\055) ] TJ -10.9199 -10.9199 Td [ (mance) -327.986 (in) -328.005 (probability\055only) -328 (and) -328.013 (label\055only) -327.981 (attack) -328.013 (scenarios\056) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (W) 80.0153 (e) -492.015 (use) -491.982 (the) -492.017 (medium) -491.99 (netw) 9.98313 (ork) -491.982 (as) -492.015 (the) -493.007 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -491.982 (model) -491.988 (on) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (MNIST) -384.99 (and) -385.02 (the) -385.001 (lar) 18.0211 (ge) -385.996 (netw) 9.98313 (ork) -385.009 (as) -384.998 (the) -385.004 (substitute) -385.004 (model) -386.002 (of) ] TJ T* [ (DaST) 73.9841 (\056) -412.015 (W) 80.0153 (e) -412 (train) -412.021 (a) -412 (pre\055trained) -411.983 (lar) 18.0185 (ge) -412.01 (netw) 9.98045 (ork) -412.01 (on) -411.989 (the) -412.005 (same) ] TJ T* [ (train) -214 (set) -214.016 (of) -215.012 (the) -213.981 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -213.989 (model\056) -298.008 (W) 80.0153 (e) -213.979 (utilize) -213.995 (the) -215.014 (attack) -214 (success) ] TJ ET Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 261.5 55 72 14 re f* 0.5 0.5 0.5 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.8 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 290.75 58 Tm (238) Tj T* ET Q endstream endobj 172 0 obj << /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Type /Font /Name /F1 /BaseFont /Helvetica /Subtype /Type1 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BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 624.936 Tm [ (FGSM) -250.013 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 335.659 624.936 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 344.758 624.936 Tm [ (\135) -1200 (39\05610) -250.005 (\0501\05654\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 69.6039 0 Td (39\05663) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05654\051) -1200.01 (22\05665) -250.005 (\0501\05654\051) ] TJ -131.537 -10.9195 Td [ (BIM) -249.991 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 328.069 614.017 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.169 614.017 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (59\05618) -250.005 (\0501\05601\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 77.193 0 Td (59\05671) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05618\051) -1200.01 (28\05642) -250.005 (\0501\05619\051) ] TJ -131.539 -10.9199 Td [ (PGD) -250 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.079 603.097 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.178 603.097 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 20.5297 0 Td (35\05640) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05602\051) -1200.01 (29\05610) -250.005 (\0501\05610\051) -1200.01 (17\05680) -250.005 (\0501\05610\051) ] TJ -75.8844 -10.9195 Td [ (C\046W) -250.002 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 332.618 592.177 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.168 592.177 Tm [ (\135) -2283.98 (9\05676) -249.997 (\0500\05677\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 77.1941 0 Td (13\05652) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0500\05674\051) -1200.01 (10\05634) -250.005 (\0500\05674\051) ] TJ ET Q 7.27979 w 3001.14 5885.37 m 5202.12 5885.37 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 572.523 Tm (Attack) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 113.929 5.45937 Td [ (T) 91.9972 (ar) 10.0019 (geted) ] TJ ET Q 3.63533 w 3532.48 5745.24 m 5202.11 5745.24 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 360.86 565.243 Tm [ (Pre\055trained) -2330.01 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) -2958 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) ] TJ ET Q 4.54873 w 3001.14 5601.72 m 5202.12 5601.72 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 549.754 Tm [ (FGSM) -250.013 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 335.659 549.754 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 344.758 549.754 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 16.225 0 Td (9\05662) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 18.1992 0 Td [ (\0501\05654\051) -1699.98 (6\05669) -249.994 (\0501\05654\051) -1699.98 (7\05632) -249.994 (\0501\05654\051) ] TJ -73.6078 -10.9195 Td [ (BIM) -249.991 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 328.069 538.834 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.169 538.834 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (17\05643) -250.005 (\0501\05600\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 77.193 0 Td (20\05622) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05618\051) -1200.01 (15\05626) -250.005 (\0501\05616\051) ] TJ -131.537 -10.9195 Td [ (PGD) -250 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.079 527.914 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.179 527.914 Tm [ (\135) -1923.01 (10\05646) -250.005 (\0501\05605\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 76.1828 0 Td (14\05609) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05612\051) -1450.02 (8\05632) -249.994 (\0501\05610\051) ] TJ -131.537 -10.9199 Td [ (C\046W) -250.002 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 332.619 516.995 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.169 516.995 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (23\05615) -250.005 (\0502\05605\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 77.193 0 Td (26\05653) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05698\051) -1200.01 (19\05678) -250.005 (\0502\05604\051) ] TJ ET Q 7.27979 w 3001.14 5117.88 m 5202.12 5117.88 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 483.419 Tm [ (10) -272.989 (dataset\054) -278.996 (and) -272.981 (e) 24.994 (v) 25.0155 (aluate) -274.012 (the) -273.005 (performance) -272.997 (in) -273.013 (terms) -272.981 (of) -273.99 (attack) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (success) -249.989 (rate) -250.002 (in) -250.007 (label\055only) -249.986 (and) -250.016 (probability\055only) -250 (scenarios\056) ] TJ 10.9199 -11.2723 Td [ (W) 80.0153 (e) -293.007 (conduct) -294.018 (e) 14.9921 (xperiments) -292.999 (to) -294.005 (e) 24.994 (v) 25.0155 (aluate) -292.985 (the) -293.012 (performance) -293.989 (in) ] TJ -10.9199 -10.9195 Td [ (probability\055only) -229.998 (a) 0.99804 (n) -0.99804 (d) -228.981 (label\055only) -229.98 (attack) -228.981 (scenarios) -230.012 (and) -228.981 (use) -230 (the) ] TJ T* [ (V) 14.9975 (GG\05516) -370.983 (netw) 9.98313 (ork) -371.015 (as) -371.007 (the) -371.007 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -371.015 (model\056) -673.015 (W) 80.0153 (e) -371.004 (train) -370.983 (a) -371.004 (pre\055) ] TJ 10.9203 TL T* [ (trained) -305.992 (ResNet\05550) -306.021 (netw) 9.98313 (ork) -305.981 (on) -306.99 (the) -306.019 (same) -306.008 (train) -305.992 (set) -306.008 (of) -307 (the) -306.019 (at\055) ] TJ T* [ (tack) 10.018 (ed) -349.981 (model\056) -609.998 (The) -350 (performances) -350.008 (of) -351 (our) -349.981 (DaST) -350.002 (are) -349.986 (sho) 25.0048 (wn) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (in) -381.02 (T) 79.9965 (able) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 334.12 406.628 Tm (3) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.67 406.628 Tm [ (\056) -701.985 (The) -380.993 (substitute) -381.012 (model) -379.992 (trained) -380.985 (by) -380.995 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) -380.985 (and) ] TJ -38.5559 -10.9199 Td [ (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) -413.985 (achie) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (e) -414.017 (25\05615\045) -414.02 (and) -413.995 (20\05635\045) -414.022 (of) -414.017 (accurac) 14.9975 (y) -413.995 (on) -414.006 (the) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (test) -313.987 (set\054) -330.009 (respecti) 24.9914 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.999 (\056) -501.99 (Our) -315.015 (DaST) -313.987 (also) -314.003 (achie) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (es) -313.998 (competiti) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (e) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (performance) -323.992 (with) -325.019 (the) -324.002 (pre\055trained) -323.984 (model\056) -532.988 (In) -324 (most) -324.016 (cases) -325.014 (of) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (the) -260.986 (probability\055only) -260.991 (scenario) -261.005 (\050FGSM\054) -260.989 (BIM\054) -260.989 (C\046W) -260.989 (for) -261.01 (non\055) ] TJ T* [ (tar) 18.0211 (geted) -266.996 (attack\054) -271.009 (BIM\054) -266.996 (PGD\054) -267.004 (C\046W) -266.998 (for) -267.02 (tar) 18.0185 (geted) -266.998 (attacks\051\054) -270.996 (the) ] TJ T* [ (substitute) -199.99 (models) -199.013 (generated) -200.003 (by) -200.017 (DaS) 0.98731 (T) 90.9884 (\055) 1.00341 (P) -199.979 (outperform) -200.011 (baseline) ] TJ T* [ (models\056) -410.99 (The) -284.021 (substitute) -283.997 (models) -282.978 (trained) -284.013 (by) -283.981 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) -284.003 (perform) ] TJ T* [ (better) -203.987 (than) -205.02 (baseline) -204.009 (models) -204.98 (on) -204.006 (C\046W) -203.982 (attacks) -204.985 (\050non\055tar) 17.9863 (geted\051\056) ] TJ 10.9199 -11.2723 Td [ (W) 80.0153 (e) -213.979 (also) -213.984 (e) 24.994 (v) 25.0155 (aluate) -214.987 (the) -213.981 (performances) -214.016 (of) -213.979 (our) -213.989 (DaST) -214.998 (with) -214.011 (dif\055) ] TJ -10.9199 -10.9203 Td [ (ferent) -388.003 (substitute) -388.009 (architectures) -388.014 (in) -388.014 (the) -388.996 (probability\055only) -388.009 (sce\055) ] TJ T* [ (nario\056) -354.993 (The) -265.005 (V) 14.9975 (GG\05516) -264.997 (netw) 9.98313 (ork) -264.986 (is) -264.981 (used) -265.984 (as) -265.018 (the) -264.981 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -264.986 (model\056) ] TJ T* [ (W) 80.0153 (e) -388.003 (apply) -386.997 (our) -388.014 (DaST) -387.005 (using) -387.995 (3) -387.982 (dif) 25 (ferent) -387.016 (substitute) -388.009 (architec\055) ] TJ T* [ (tures\054) -279.004 (which) -273 (include) -273.008 (the) -272.018 (V) 14.9975 (GG\05513\054) -278.996 (ResNet\05518\054) -278.98 (and) -272.981 (ResNet\055) ] TJ T* [ (50\056) -722.995 (The) -387.003 (attack) -387.982 (success) -387.011 (rates) -388.014 (of) -387.016 (these) -387.998 (three) -386.994 (substitute) -388.009 (ar) 19.9877 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (chitectures) -283.989 (are) -284.008 (sho) 25.0048 (wn) -283.995 (in) -284.005 (T) 79.9965 (able) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 414.171 242.478 Tm (4) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 418.721 242.478 Tm [ (\056) -412.015 (It) -284.019 (demonstrates) -284.019 (that) -283.987 (both) ] TJ -118.607 -10.9207 Td [ (architectures) -220.986 (for) -221.99 (the) -220.978 (substitute) -222.011 (model) -220.992 (obtain) -221.979 (good) -220.981 (results) -221.99 (on) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -359.004 (attacks\056) -637.005 (In) -358.988 (most) -359 (cases) -359.012 (\050BIM\054) -359.012 (PGD\054) -358.996 (C\046W) -358.99 (for) ] TJ T* [ (non\055tar) 18.0104 (geted) -273.005 (attack\054) -279.981 (FGSM\054) -272.984 (BIM\054) -273.008 (PGD\054) -274 (C\046W) -273.008 (for) -274.017 (tar) 18.0185 (geted) ] TJ T* [ (attacks\051\054) -433.986 (the) -396.978 (V) 14.9975 (GG\05513) -396.996 (outperforms) -397.002 (other) -397.012 (models) -396.991 (in) -396.986 (terms) ] TJ T* [ (of) -353.021 (the) -354.008 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -352.994 (attack\056) -620.99 (The) -353.002 (ResNet\05550) -354.011 (obtains) -352.991 (the) -354.011 (best) ] TJ T* [ (results) -279.981 (on) -281.017 (FGSM) -280.019 (attacks) -280.021 (\050tar) 17.997 (geted\051\056) -401 (Dif) 24.9833 (ferent) -280 (from) -281.019 (e) 14.9921 (xperi\055) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (ments) -199.993 (on) -200.014 (MNIST) 73.9814 (\054) -200.988 (the) -199.987 (simple) -199.985 (model) -200 (achie) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (es) -199.985 (the) -201.02 (best) -199.99 (results) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (on) -201.989 (CIF) 74 (AR\05510\056) -293.989 (W) 80.0153 (e) -202.002 (visualize) -201.983 (the) -202.007 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -203.011 (e) 14.9921 (xamples) -202.007 (gener) 19.977 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (ated) -222 (by) -222.98 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) -221.984 (and) -221.984 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) -223.004 (in) -222.017 (Figure) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 439.979 144.199 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 446.558 144.199 Tm (and) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 461.718 144.199 Tm (3) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 466.268 144.199 Tm [ (\054) -227.989 (respecti) 24.9887 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.9963 (\056) ] TJ -166.154 -10.9199 Td [ (The) -249.981 (attack) -250.016 (perturbations) -250.021 (for) -250.021 (these) -249.989 (tw) 9.98045 (o) -250.016 (scenarios) -250.016 (are) -250.01 (small\056) ] TJ ET Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 261.5 55 72 14 re f* 0.5 0.5 0.5 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.8 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 290.75 58 Tm (239) Tj T* ET Q endstream endobj 175 0 obj << /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Type /Font /Name /F2 /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Subtype /Type1 >> endobj 176 0 obj << /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Type /Font /Name /F1 /BaseFont /Helvetica /Subtype /Type1 >> endobj 177 0 obj << /Length 18655 >> stream q q 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 cm /R7 gs q 180 580 5590 7260 re W n 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 711.356 Tm [ (T) 80.001 (able) -295.02 (4\056) -295.018 (Performances) -295.008 (of) -295.01 (the) -295.017 (proposed) -295.005 (DaST) -295 (with) -295.008 (three) -293.983 (dif) 25.0106 (ferent) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (substitute) -368.014 (architectures) -368.022 (on) -368.016 (CIF) 74.993 (AR\05510\056) -664.005 (\322V) 15 (GG\05513\323\054) -397 (\322ResNet\05518\323) ] TJ T* [ (\322ResNet\05550\323\072) -514.988 (the) -353.016 (attack) -351.99 (success) -352.977 (rates) -351.993 (\050the) -352.98 (high) -353.007 (is) -351.975 (better\051) -353.016 (of) -352.005 (ad\055) ] TJ T* [ (v) 14.9795 (ersarial) -305 (e) 15.0227 (xamples) -305.01 (generated) -304.998 (by) -305.01 (DaST) -305.016 (with) -305.979 (V) 15.0034 (GG\05513\054) -318.013 (ResNet\05518) ] TJ T* [ (and) -241.002 (ResNet\05550) -239.999 (substitute) -240.999 (models\054) -242.977 (respecti) 24.9778 (v) 14.9795 (ely) 64.9917 (\056) -306.992 (The) -239.988 (numbers) -240.99 (in) -240.978 (\050) -240.018 (\051) ] TJ T* [ (denote) -249.988 (the) -249.992 (a) 19.9831 (v) 14.9795 (erage) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 63.1598 0 Td (L) Tj /R98 5.45993 Tf 5.72773 -0.90977 Td (F) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 7.61875 0.90977 Td [ (perturbation) -250 (distance) -250.019 (per) -249.986 (image\056) ] TJ ET Q 7.27979 w 0 G 637.723 6537.09 m 2838.7 6537.09 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 69.2324 637.695 Tm (Attack) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 97.4672 5.46055 Td [ (Non\055tar) 10.0167 (geted) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 53.7332 0 Td (\050) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 3.03086 0 Td (\045) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.58281 0 Td (\051) Tj ET Q 3.63533 w 1169.05 6396.97 m 2838.7 6396.97 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 128.881 630.415 Tm [ (V) 14.9975 (GG\05513) -2236.02 (ResNet\05518) -1839.02 (ResNet\05550) ] TJ ET Q 4.54873 w 637.723 6253.45 m 2838.7 6253.45 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 69.2324 614.927 Tm [ (FGSM) -250.014 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 99.3164 614.927 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 108.416 614.927 Tm [ (\135) -1450 (6\05687) -249.995 (\0501\05654\051) -1450.02 (17\05697) -250.005 (\0501\05654\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 125.259 0 Td (39\05663) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td (\0501\05654\051) Tj -187.193 -10.9199 Td [ (BIM) -249.992 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 91.7273 604.007 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 100.827 604.007 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 21.5391 0 Td (93\05613) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05618\051) -1200.01 (31\05670) -250.005 (\0501\05654\051) -1200.01 (59\05671) -250.005 (\0501\05618\051) ] TJ -75.8836 -10.9195 Td [ (PGD) -250 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 92.7375 593.087 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 101.837 593.087 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 20.5289 0 Td (56\05614) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05608\051) -1200.01 (10\05604) -250.005 (\0501\05611\051) -1200.01 (29\05610) -250.005 (\0501\05610\051) ] TJ -75.8836 -10.9199 Td [ (C\046W) -250.001 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 96.2773 582.167 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 100.827 582.167 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 21.5391 0 Td (56\05680) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05664\051) -1200.01 (11\05654) -250.005 (\0501\05664\051) -1200.01 (13\05652) -250.005 (\0500\05674\051) ] TJ ET Q 7.27979 w 637.723 5769.6 m 2838.7 5769.6 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 69.2324 561.673 Tm (Attack) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 105.971 5.45937 Td [ (T) 91.9972 (ar) 10.0019 (geted) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 36.7262 0 Td (\050) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 3.03047 0 Td (\045) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.5832 0 Td (\051) Tj ET Q 3.63533 w 1169.05 5636.74 m 2838.7 5636.74 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 128.881 554.392 Tm [ (V) 14.9975 (GG\05513) -2236.02 (ResNet\05518) -1839.02 (ResNet\05550) ] TJ ET Q 4.54873 w 637.723 5493.21 m 2838.7 5493.21 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 69.2324 538.903 Tm [ (FGSM) -250.014 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 99.3164 538.903 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 108.416 538.903 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 13.9496 0 Td (18\05627) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05654\051) -1450.02 (2\05607) -249.995 (\0501\05654\051) -1699.98 (6\05669) -249.997 (\0501\05654\051) ] TJ -75.8836 -10.9195 Td [ (BIM) -249.992 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 91.7273 527.984 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 100.827 527.984 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 21.5391 0 Td (62\05623) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05624\051) -1450.02 (8\05600) -249.995 (\0501\05652\051) -1450.02 (20\05622) -250.005 (\0501\05618\051) ] TJ -75.8836 -10.9195 Td [ (PGD) -250 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 92.7375 517.064 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 101.837 517.064 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 20.5289 0 Td (41\05648) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0501\05617\051) -1450.02 (3\05672) -249.995 (\0501\05626\051) -1450.02 (14\05609) -250.005 (\0501\05612\051) ] TJ -75.8836 -10.9199 Td [ (C\046W) -250.001 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 96.2773 506.144 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 100.827 506.144 Tm (\135) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 21.5391 0 Td (33\05665) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td [ (\0502\05642\051) -1450.02 (7\05631) -249.995 (\0501\05646\051) -1450.02 (26\05653) -250.005 (\0501\05698\051) ] TJ ET Q 7.27979 w 637.723 5009.37 m 2838.7 5009.37 l S Q q 670 3350 2090 1470 re W n /R127 Do Q q 180 580 5590 7260 re W n 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 316.021 Tm [ (Figure) -329.981 (2\056) -329.979 (V) 59.9806 (isualization) -329.013 (of) -330.019 (the) -329.979 (adv) 14.981 (ersarial) -329.992 (e) 15.0212 (xamples) -330.002 (generated) -328.989 (by) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (DaST) 92.0055 (\055L) -250.021 (on) -250.016 (CIF) 73.9913 (AR\05510\056) -310.006 (W) 79.9876 (e) -249.976 (generate) -250.007 (5) -250.019 (samples) -249.98 (for) -249.998 (each) -249.977 (attack\056) ] TJ /R8 10.0098 Tf 32.6531 TL T* [ (4\0564\056) -249.996 (Experiments) -250.004 (on) -250.019 (Micr) 17.9974 (osoft) -249.997 (Azur) 17.9974 (e) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 10.9195 -18.1703 Td [ (In) -246.992 (this) -246.009 (subsection\054) -247.012 (we) -247.016 (conduct) -247.012 (e) 14.9908 (xperiments) -245.994 (for) -247.016 (attacking) ] TJ -10.9195 -10.9195 Td [ (the) -249.997 (online) -250.01 (model) -250.01 (on) -249.981 (Microsoft) -250.02 (Azure) -250.003 (in) -250.007 (tw) 9.98313 (o) -250.016 (scenarios\056) ] TJ 10.9195 -12.7102 Td [ (W) 80.0153 (e) -209.988 (use) -209.999 (the) -211.021 (e) 14.9908 (xample) -209.993 (MNIST) -210.02 (model) -210.003 (of) -209.989 (the) -211.019 (machine) -209.984 (learn\055) ] TJ -10.9195 -10.9203 Td [ (ing) -323.979 (tutorial) -322.987 (on) -323.986 (Azure) -324.009 (as) -323.015 (the) -324.004 (attack) 9.99252 (ed) -324.01 (model) -322.985 (and) -324.021 (emplo) 9.99654 (y) -324.021 (it) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (as) -371.994 (a) -371.006 (web) -371.986 (service\056) -673.997 (W) 80.0153 (e) -371.993 (do) -370.991 (not) -372.014 (kno) 24.9967 (w) -371.986 (the) -371.007 (machine) -371.989 (learning) ] TJ T* [ (method) -312.993 (and) -312.988 (architecture) -313.021 (of) -313.013 (this) -313.018 (model\056) -498.99 (The) -312.997 (only) -313 (informa\055) ] TJ T* [ (tion) -318.993 (we) -319.992 (can) -319.021 (obtain) -318.993 (is) -320.013 (the) -318.981 (outputs) -320 (of) -318.98 (this) -318.985 (model\056) -518.007 (W) 80.0153 (e) -320.007 (apply) ] TJ T* [ (the) -341.989 (probability\055based) -342.015 (DaST) -342.017 (and) -342.006 (label\055based) -342 (DaST) -342.018 (attacks) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (to) -325.988 (this) -325.982 (model) -325.99 (to) -325.988 (e) 24.9927 (v) 25.0168 (aluate) -325.994 (the) -326.021 (performance) -326.996 (of) -326.02 (the) -326.02 (proposed) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (method) -406.015 (in) -406.003 (real\055w) 9.9952 (orld) -405.995 (applications\056) -779.021 (The) -406.019 (substitute) -405.995 (model) ] TJ T* [ (in) -331.01 (this) -331.991 (e) 14.9908 (xperiment) -330.987 (has) -331.009 (5) -332.004 (con) 39.9982 (v) 19.9944 (olutional) -331.007 (layers\056) -553.982 (The) -332.013 (substi\055) ] TJ T* [ (tute) -259.993 (model) -260.012 (trained) -260.017 (by) -259.983 (DaST) 92.0146 (\055P) -260.017 (and) -260.016 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) -260.994 (achie) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (e) -259.996 (79\05635\045) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 236.342 578.077 Td [ (T) 80.001 (able) -434.006 (5\056) -434.003 (Performance) -433.986 (of) -433.994 (the) -434.003 (proposed) -433.991 (DaST) -433.986 (for) -434.009 (attacking) -433.991 (Mi\055) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (crosoft) -349.996 (Azure) -350.983 (e) 15.0212 (xample) -349.978 (model\056) -611.993 (\322Pre\055trained\323\054) -374.986 (\322DaST) 92.0055 (\055P\323) -349.999 (\322DaST) 92.0055 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (L) 92.0204 (\323\072) -517.999 (the) -518.998 (attack) -518.02 (success) -519.007 (rate) -518.014 (\050the) -519.01 (high) -517.99 (is) -519.01 (better\051) -517.996 (of) -517.99 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) ] TJ T* [ (e) 15.0212 (xamples) -430.021 (generated) -429.007 (by) -430.021 (the) -428.995 (pre\055trained) -430.003 (lar) 17.9933 (ge) -429.979 (netw) 9.97442 (ork\054) -473.985 (DaST) -428.977 (in) ] TJ T* [ (probability\055only) -204.002 (scenario) -203.987 (and) -203.99 (DaST) -203.996 (in) -204.013 (label\055only) -204.008 (scenario\054) -212.974 (respec\055) ] TJ T* [ (ti) 25.0016 (v) 14.9795 (ely) 64.9917 (\056) -733.012 (The) -390.994 (numbers) -390.994 (in) -390.982 (\050) -391.977 (\051) -390.976 (denote) -390.976 (the) -390.982 (a) 19.9846 (v) 14.9825 (erage) ] TJ /R90 8.1899 Tf 161.257 0 Td (L) Tj /R98 5.45993 Tf 5.72773 -0.90977 Td (F) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 8.77422 0.90977 Td (perturbation) Tj -175.759 -10.0094 Td [ (distance) -283.979 (per) -283.994 (image\056) -413.011 (Because) -284.02 (it) -284.02 (is) -284.009 (hard) -283.988 (to) -284 (generate) -284.017 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -284.012 (e) 15.0242 (x\055) ] TJ T* [ (amples) -250.019 (for) -249.998 (all) -250.016 (methods) -250.01 (on) -250.016 (C\046W) -250.016 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 411.579 641.287 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 415.673 641.287 Tm [ (\135\054) -250.01 (we) -249.998 (omit) -249.98 (this) -250.016 (attack) -250.016 (method\056) ] TJ ET Q 7.27979 w 0 G 3001.14 6309.6 m 5202.12 6309.6 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 614.946 Tm (Attack) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 97.4668 5.45937 Td [ (Non\055tar) 10.018 (geted) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 53.7336 0 Td (\050) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 3.03047 0 Td (\045) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.5832 0 Td (\051) Tj ET Q 3.63533 w 3532.48 6169.48 m 5202.11 6169.48 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 360.86 607.666 Tm [ (Pre\055trained) -2330.01 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) -2958 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) ] TJ ET Q 4.54873 w 3001.14 6025.95 m 5202.12 6025.95 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 592.177 Tm [ (FGSM) -250.013 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 335.659 592.177 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 344.758 592.177 Tm [ (\135) -1200 (77\05696) -250.005 (\0505\05641\051) -1200.01 (96\05683) -250.005 (\0505\05625\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 125.259 0 Td (98\05621) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td (\0505\05636\051) Tj -187.193 -10.9207 Td [ (BIM) -249.991 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 328.069 581.257 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.169 581.257 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (66\05625) -250.005 (\0504\05681\051) -1200.01 (96\05642) -250.005 (\0504\05679\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 132.848 0 Td (98\05635) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td (\0504\05672\051) Tj -187.193 -10.9195 Td [ (PGD) -250 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.079 570.337 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.179 570.337 Tm [ (\135) -1923.01 (59\05623) -250.005 (\0503\05699\051) -1200.01 (90\05663) -250.005 (\0503\05688\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 131.838 0 Td (96\05697) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td (\0503\05696\051) Tj ET Q 7.27979 w 3001.14 5666.97 m 5202.12 5666.97 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 550.682 Tm (Attack) Tj /R8 9.09982 Tf 105.971 5.46055 Td [ (T) 91.9972 (ar) 10.0019 (geted) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 36.7258 0 Td (\050) Tj /R58 9.09982 Tf 3.03047 0 Td (\045) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 7.5832 0 Td (\051) Tj ET Q 3.63533 w 3532.48 5526.85 m 5202.11 5526.85 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 360.86 543.403 Tm [ (Pre\055trained) -2330.01 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) -2958 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) ] TJ ET Q 4.54873 w 3001.14 5383.32 m 5202.12 5383.32 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 305.575 527.914 Tm [ (FGSM) -250.013 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 335.659 527.914 Tm (14) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 344.758 527.914 Tm [ (\135) -1200 (13\05652) -250.005 (\0505\05646\051) -1200.01 (32\05600) -250.005 (\0505\05621\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 125.259 0 Td (43\05699) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td (\0505\05637\051) Tj -187.193 -10.9199 Td [ (BIM) -249.991 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 328.069 516.995 Tm (22) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.169 516.995 Tm [ (\135) -2034.02 (19\05631) -250.005 (\0504\05688\051) -1200.01 (50\05621) -250.005 (\0504\05690\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 132.848 0 Td (71\05615) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td (\0504\05656\051) Tj -187.193 -10.9195 Td [ (PGD) -250 (\133) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 0 1 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.079 506.075 Tm (27) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.179 506.075 Tm [ (\135) -1923.01 (19\05631) -250.005 (\0504\05660\051) -1200.01 (45\05666) -250.005 (\0504\05646\051) ] TJ /R8 9.09982 Tf 131.838 0 Td (65\05691) Tj /R10 9.09982 Tf 22.75 0 Td (\0504\05632\051) Tj ET Q 7.27979 w 3001.14 5008.68 m 5202.12 5008.68 l S Q q 3040 3360 2090 1480 re W n /R130 Do Q q 180 580 5590 7260 re W n 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 317.17 Tm [ (Figure) -329.982 (3\056) -329.979 (V) 59.9806 (isualization) -329.013 (of) -330.017 (the) -329.979 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -329.99 (e) 15.0242 (xamples) -330.002 (generated) -328.989 (by) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (DaST) 92.0055 (\055P) -249.98 (on) -250.016 (CIF) 73.9913 (AR\05510\056) -310.006 (W) 79.9891 (e) -249.977 (generate) -250.01 (5) -250.016 (samples) -249.98 (for) -249.998 (each) -249.975 (attack\056) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 30.9734 TL T* [ (and) -423.01 (90\05675\045) -422.004 (of) -422.991 (accurac) 14.9948 (y) -421.98 (on) -423.018 (the) -422.007 (MNIST) -422.978 (test) -421.99 (set\054) -466 (respec\055) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (ti) 24.9967 (v) 15.0136 (ely) 64.999 (\056) -535.988 (The) -325.016 (performance) -324.979 (on) -326.004 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -325.008 (attacks) -325.008 (of) -324.987 (the) -326.023 (pro\055) ] TJ T* [ (posed) -249.983 (method) -250.021 (is) -250 (sho) 25.0048 (wn) -249.997 (in) -250.007 (T) 79.9965 (able) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 418.967 254.348 Tm (5) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 423.517 254.348 Tm (\056) Tj -112.483 -11.8695 Td [ (The) -257.021 (performance) -256.983 (of) -256.994 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) -257.002 (is) -256.996 (better) -257.002 (than) -257.989 (its) -256.991 (of) -256.991 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) ] TJ -10.9199 -10.9207 Td [ (on) -363.994 (this) -364.015 (online) -363.98 (model\056) -651.981 (Because) -363.986 (the) -364.013 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -364.018 (Azure) -364.018 (model) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (is) -460.984 (too) -461.003 (simple\054) -513.998 (the) -460.981 (accurac) 14.9948 (y) -461 (on) -461.998 (MNI) 1.00878 (ST) -460.995 (is) -462.014 (only) -461.011 (91\05693\045\056) ] TJ (Figure) ' ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 327.213 209.718 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 9.09982 Tf 1 0 0 1 335.112 209.718 Tm [ (sho) 25.0048 (ws) -367.007 (the) -368.002 (training) -367.004 (of) -367.012 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055P) 110.998 (\054) -368.016 (which) -367.007 (can) -368 (access) ] TJ -34.998 -10.9195 Td [ (more) -347.003 (information) -346.992 (of) -347.011 (attack) 9.99118 (ed) -347.019 (model) -346.981 (than) -346.976 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L\054) -346.981 (suf) 24.9887 (fers) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (o) 15.0136 (v) 15.0136 (er) 19.9877 (\055\336tting\056) -890.999 (DaST) 92.0133 (\055L) -443.003 (substitutes) -443.985 (achie) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (e) -443.98 (a) -442.992 (v) 15.0136 (ery) -444.017 (high) -444.012 (at\055) ] TJ T* [ (tack) -242.004 (success) -242.004 (rate) -242.018 (on) -241.996 (FGSM) -241.986 (\05098\05621\045\051\054) -244 (BIM) -242.01 (\05098\05635\045\051\054) -244 (PGD) ] TJ 10.9207 TL T* [ (\05096\05697\045\051) -303.019 (attacks\056) -470.02 (Moreo) 14.9787 (v) 15.0136 (er) 39.9915 (\054) -315.988 (our) -303.019 (DaST) -302.998 (method) -304.023 (achie) 25.0101 (v) 15.0136 (es) -303.008 (a) ] TJ 10.9195 TL T* [ (high) -214.998 (attack) -216.018 (success) -215.003 (rate) -215.017 (e) 24.994 (v) 15.0136 (en) -216.007 (on) -214.998 (tar) 18.0185 (geted) -215.014 (attacks\056) -299 (Compared) ] TJ T* [ (with) -296.988 (the) -297.001 (models) -298.002 (trained) -297.02 (by) -296.985 (the) -297.004 (MNIST) -296.988 (train) -298.008 (set\054) -309.018 (substitute) ] TJ T* [ (models) -241.983 (trained) -243.018 (by) -241.996 (DaST) -242.986 (perform) -241.978 (much) -243.018 (better) 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3533.07 c 4758.16 3533.07 4761.39 3531.74 4763.78 3529.12 c 4766.12 3526.45 4767.34 3522.89 4767.34 3518.38 c 4762.34 3519.83 m 4762.28 3522.55 4761.5 3524.73 4760.05 3526.39 c 4758.55 3528.01 4756.55 3528.84 4754.1 3528.84 c 4751.32 3528.84 4749.09 3528.01 4747.42 3526.45 c 4745.75 3524.89 4744.75 3522.67 4744.53 3519.83 c 4762.34 3519.83 l f* 4774.87 3542.48 m 4800.97 3542.48 l 4800.97 3540.14 l 4786.22 3501.91 l 4780.49 3501.91 l 4794.34 3537.86 l 4774.87 3537.86 l 4774.87 3542.48 l f* Q q 3405.27 3653.65 1400.66 1166.38 re W n 4.45183 w 2 J 1 j 0.68945 G 3405.27 3731.04 m 4805.7 3731.04 l S Q q 3179.18 3486.93 1805.22 1514.18 re W n 0 g 3405.27 3731.04 m 3385.8 3731.04 l f 4.45183 w 1 j 0 G 3405.27 3731.04 m 3385.8 3731.04 l S 3316.58 3745.69 m 3302.72 3724.04 l 3316.58 3724.04 l 3316.58 3745.69 l 3315.13 3750.48 m 3322.03 3750.48 l 3322.03 3724.04 l 3327.82 3724.04 l 3327.82 3719.48 l 3322.03 3719.48 l 3322.03 3709.91 l 3316.58 3709.91 l 3316.58 3719.48 l 3298.27 3719.48 l 3298.27 3724.77 l 3315.13 3750.48 l f* 3348.64 3746.86 m 3345.8 3746.86 3343.69 3745.46 3342.24 3742.68 c 3340.8 3739.9 3340.13 3735.73 3340.13 3730.16 c 3340.13 3724.6 3340.8 3720.43 3342.24 3717.64 c 3343.69 3714.86 3345.8 3713.47 3348.64 3713.47 c 3351.48 3713.47 3353.6 3714.86 3355.04 3717.64 c 3356.43 3720.43 3357.16 3724.6 3357.16 3730.16 c 3357.16 3735.73 3356.43 3739.9 3355.04 3742.68 c 3353.6 3745.46 3351.48 3746.86 3348.64 3746.86 c 3348.64 3751.2 m 3353.15 3751.2 3356.6 3749.36 3359.05 3745.8 c 3361.44 3742.18 3362.67 3736.95 3362.67 3730.16 c 3362.67 3723.32 3361.44 3718.09 3359.05 3714.53 c 3356.6 3710.96 3353.15 3709.18 3348.64 3709.18 c 3344.08 3709.18 3340.57 3710.96 3338.18 3714.53 c 3335.79 3718.09 3334.62 3723.32 3334.62 3730.16 c 3334.62 3736.95 3335.79 3742.18 3338.18 3745.8 c 3340.57 3749.36 3344.08 3751.2 3348.64 3751.2 c f* Q q 3405.27 3653.65 1400.66 1166.38 re W n 4.45183 w 2 J 1 j 0.68945 G 3405.27 3905.26 m 4805.7 3905.26 l S Q q 3179.18 3486.93 1805.22 1514.18 re W n 0 g 3405.27 3905.26 m 3385.8 3905.26 l f 4.45183 w 1 j 0 G 3405.27 3905.26 m 3385.8 3905.26 l S 3301.55 3924.7 m 3323.09 3924.7 l 3323.09 3920.08 l 3306.56 3920.08 l 3306.56 3910.12 l 3307.34 3910.4 3308.18 3910.62 3308.96 3910.73 c 3309.73 3910.84 3310.57 3910.96 3311.35 3910.96 c 3315.86 3910.96 3319.42 3909.68 3322.09 3907.23 c 3324.76 3904.72 3326.09 3901.38 3326.09 3897.16 c 3326.09 3892.76 3324.7 3889.36 3321.98 3886.97 c 3319.25 3884.58 3315.41 3883.41 3310.51 3883.41 c 3308.79 3883.41 3307.06 3883.58 3305.28 3883.8 c 3303.5 3884.08 3301.72 3884.47 3299.83 3885.08 c 3299.83 3890.59 l 3301.44 3889.7 3303.11 3889.03 3304.89 3888.59 c 3306.62 3888.14 3308.45 3887.97 3310.4 3887.97 c 3313.52 3887.97 3316.02 3888.75 3317.86 3890.42 c 3319.64 3892.09 3320.59 3894.32 3320.59 3897.16 c 3320.59 3899.94 3319.64 3902.16 3317.86 3903.83 c 3316.02 3905.5 3313.52 3906.34 3310.4 3906.34 c 3308.96 3906.34 3307.45 3906.17 3306.01 3905.84 c 3304.56 3905.5 3303.05 3905 3301.55 3904.33 c 3301.55 3924.7 l f* 3348.64 3921.08 m 3345.8 3921.08 3343.69 3919.69 3342.24 3916.91 c 3340.8 3914.13 3340.13 3909.95 3340.13 3904.39 c 3340.13 3898.82 3340.8 3894.65 3342.24 3891.87 c 3343.69 3889.09 3345.8 3887.7 3348.64 3887.7 c 3351.48 3887.7 3353.6 3889.09 3355.04 3891.87 c 3356.43 3894.65 3357.16 3898.82 3357.16 3904.39 c 3357.16 3909.95 3356.43 3914.13 3355.04 3916.91 c 3353.6 3919.69 3351.48 3921.08 3348.64 3921.08 c 3348.64 3925.43 m 3353.15 3925.43 3356.6 3923.59 3359.05 3920.03 c 3361.44 3916.41 3362.67 3911.18 3362.67 3904.39 c 3362.67 3897.54 3361.44 3892.31 3359.05 3888.75 c 3356.6 3885.19 3353.15 3883.41 3348.64 3883.41 c 3344.08 3883.41 3340.57 3885.19 3338.18 3888.75 c 3335.79 3892.31 3334.62 3897.54 3334.62 3904.39 c 3334.62 3911.18 3335.79 3916.41 3338.18 3920.03 c 3340.57 3923.59 3344.08 3925.43 3348.64 3925.43 c f* Q q 3405.27 3653.65 1400.66 1166.38 re W n 4.45183 w 2 J 1 j 0.68945 G 3405.27 4079.48 m 4805.7 4079.48 l S Q q 3179.18 3486.93 1805.22 1514.18 re W n 0 g 3405.27 4079.48 m 3385.8 4079.48 l f 4.45183 w 1 j 0 G 3405.27 4079.48 m 3385.8 4079.48 l S 3313.91 4080.84 m 3311.46 4080.84 3309.51 4079.95 3308.07 4078.28 c 3306.62 4076.61 3305.89 4074.27 3305.89 4071.38 c 3305.89 4068.43 3306.62 4066.09 3308.07 4064.42 c 3309.51 4062.75 3311.46 4061.92 3313.91 4061.92 c 3316.36 4061.92 3318.3 4062.75 3319.75 4064.42 c 3321.2 4066.09 3321.92 4068.43 3321.92 4071.38 c 3321.92 4074.27 3321.2 4076.61 3319.75 4078.28 c 3318.3 4079.95 3316.36 4080.84 3313.91 4080.84 c 3324.82 4098.03 m 3324.82 4093.02 l 3323.43 4093.69 3322.03 4094.19 3320.64 4094.53 c 3319.2 4094.86 3317.8 4095.03 3316.47 4095.03 c 3312.8 4095.03 3310.01 4093.8 3308.12 4091.36 c 3306.23 4088.91 3305.11 4085.18 3304.89 4080.28 c 3305.95 4081.84 3307.29 4083.06 3308.9 4083.9 c 3310.51 4084.73 3312.29 4085.18 3314.24 4085.18 c 3318.3 4085.18 3321.53 4083.9 3323.87 4081.45 c 3326.21 4079 3327.43 4075.61 3327.43 4071.38 c 3327.43 4067.2 3326.15 4063.86 3323.7 4061.36 c 3321.25 4058.86 3317.97 4057.63 3313.91 4057.63 c 3309.23 4057.63 3305.62 4059.41 3303.17 4062.97 c 3300.66 4066.54 3299.44 4071.77 3299.44 4078.61 c 3299.44 4085.01 3300.94 4090.13 3304 4093.91 c 3307.01 4097.7 3311.13 4099.64 3316.25 4099.64 c 3317.58 4099.64 3318.97 4099.48 3320.42 4099.26 c 3321.81 4098.98 3323.26 4098.59 3324.82 4098.03 c f* 3348.64 4095.3 m 3345.8 4095.3 3343.69 4093.91 3342.24 4091.13 c 3340.8 4088.35 3340.13 4084.18 3340.13 4078.61 c 3340.13 4073.05 3340.8 4068.88 3342.24 4066.09 c 3343.69 4063.31 3345.8 4061.92 3348.64 4061.92 c 3351.48 4061.92 3353.6 4063.31 3355.04 4066.09 c 3356.43 4068.88 3357.16 4073.05 3357.16 4078.61 c 3357.16 4084.18 3356.43 4088.35 3355.04 4091.13 c 3353.6 4093.91 3351.48 4095.3 3348.64 4095.3 c 3348.64 4099.64 m 3353.15 4099.64 3356.6 4097.81 3359.05 4094.25 c 3361.44 4090.63 3362.67 4085.4 3362.67 4078.61 c 3362.67 4071.77 3361.44 4066.54 3359.05 4062.97 c 3356.6 4059.41 3353.15 4057.63 3348.64 4057.63 c 3344.08 4057.63 3340.57 4059.41 3338.18 4062.97 c 3335.79 4066.54 3334.62 4071.77 3334.62 4078.61 c 3334.62 4085.4 3335.79 4090.63 3338.18 4094.25 c 3340.57 4097.81 3344.08 4099.64 3348.64 4099.64 c f* Q q 3405.27 3653.65 1400.66 1166.38 re W n 4.45183 w 2 J 1 j 0.68945 G 3405.27 4253.71 m 4805.7 4253.71 l S Q q 3179.18 3486.93 1805.22 1514.18 re W n 0 g 3405.27 4253.71 m 3385.8 4253.71 l f 4.45183 w 1 j 0 G 3405.27 4253.71 m 3385.8 4253.71 l S 3300.11 4273.15 m 3326.21 4273.15 l 3326.21 4270.81 l 3311.46 4232.58 l 3305.73 4232.58 l 3319.59 4268.53 l 3300.11 4268.53 l 3300.11 4273.15 l f* 3348.64 4269.54 m 3345.8 4269.54 3343.69 4268.14 3342.24 4265.36 c 3340.8 4262.58 3340.13 4258.4 3340.13 4252.84 c 3340.13 4247.27 3340.8 4243.1 3342.24 4240.32 c 3343.69 4237.54 3345.8 4236.14 3348.64 4236.14 c 3351.48 4236.14 3353.6 4237.54 3355.04 4240.32 c 3356.43 4243.1 3357.16 4247.27 3357.16 4252.84 c 3357.16 4258.4 3356.43 4262.58 3355.04 4265.36 c 3353.6 4268.14 3351.48 4269.54 3348.64 4269.54 c 3348.64 4273.88 m 3353.15 4273.88 3356.6 4272.04 3359.05 4268.48 c 3361.44 4264.86 3362.67 4259.63 3362.67 4252.84 c 3362.67 4246 3361.44 4240.76 3359.05 4237.2 c 3356.6 4233.64 3353.15 4231.86 3348.64 4231.86 c 3344.08 4231.86 3340.57 4233.64 3338.18 4237.2 c 3335.79 4240.76 3334.62 4246 3334.62 4252.84 c 3334.62 4259.63 3335.79 4264.86 3338.18 4268.48 c 3340.57 4272.04 3344.08 4273.88 3348.64 4273.88 c f* Q q 3405.27 3653.65 1400.66 1166.38 re W n 4.45183 w 2 J 1 j 0.68945 G 3405.27 4427.94 m 4805.7 4427.94 l S Q q 3179.18 3486.93 1805.22 1514.18 re W n 0 g 3405.27 4427.93 m 3385.8 4427.93 l f 4.45183 w 1 j 0 G 3405.27 4427.94 m 3385.8 4427.94 l S 3313.24 4426.07 m 3310.63 4426.07 3308.57 4425.34 3307.06 4423.95 c 3305.56 4422.56 3304.84 4420.67 3304.84 4418.22 c 3304.84 4415.77 3305.56 4413.82 3307.06 4412.43 c 3308.57 4411.04 3310.63 4410.38 3313.24 4410.38 c 3315.8 4410.38 3317.86 4411.04 3319.36 4412.49 c 3320.86 4413.88 3321.64 4415.77 3321.64 4418.22 c 3321.64 4420.67 3320.86 4422.56 3319.42 4423.95 c 3317.91 4425.34 3315.86 4426.07 3313.24 4426.07 c 3307.73 4428.4 m 3305.39 4428.96 3303.56 4430.07 3302.22 4431.69 c 3300.89 4433.3 3300.27 4435.25 3300.27 4437.59 c 3300.27 4440.81 3301.39 4443.37 3303.72 4445.27 c 3306.01 4447.16 3309.18 4448.1 3313.24 4448.1 c 3317.25 4448.1 3320.42 4447.16 3322.76 4445.27 c 3325.04 4443.37 3326.21 4440.81 3326.21 4437.59 c 3326.21 4435.25 3325.54 4433.3 3324.2 4431.69 c 3322.87 4430.07 3321.09 4428.96 3318.75 4428.4 c 3321.36 4427.79 3323.43 4426.57 3324.93 4424.79 c 3326.38 4423 3327.15 4420.78 3327.15 4418.22 c 3327.15 4414.27 3325.93 4411.26 3323.54 4409.2 c 3321.09 4407.09 3317.69 4406.09 3313.24 4406.09 c 3308.73 4406.09 3305.28 4407.09 3302.89 4409.2 c 3300.5 4411.26 3299.33 4414.27 3299.33 4418.22 c 3299.33 4420.78 3300.05 4423 3301.55 4424.79 c 3303 4426.57 3305.06 4427.79 3307.73 4428.4 c 3305.73 4437.09 m 3305.73 4434.97 3306.34 4433.3 3307.68 4432.13 c 3309.01 4430.96 3310.85 4430.41 3313.24 4430.41 c 3315.58 4430.41 3317.41 4430.96 3318.75 4432.13 c 3320.09 4433.3 3320.75 4434.97 3320.75 4437.09 c 3320.75 4439.2 3320.09 4440.81 3318.75 4441.98 c 3317.41 4443.15 3315.58 4443.76 3313.24 4443.76 c 3310.85 4443.76 3309.01 4443.15 3307.68 4441.98 c 3306.34 4440.81 3305.73 4439.2 3305.73 4437.09 c f* 3348.64 4443.76 m 3345.8 4443.76 3343.69 4442.37 3342.24 4439.59 c 3340.8 4436.8 3340.13 4432.63 3340.13 4427.07 c 3340.13 4421.5 3340.8 4417.33 3342.24 4414.55 c 3343.69 4411.77 3345.8 4410.38 3348.64 4410.38 c 3351.48 4410.38 3353.6 4411.77 3355.04 4414.55 c 3356.43 4417.33 3357.16 4421.5 3357.16 4427.07 c 3357.16 4432.63 3356.43 4436.8 3355.04 4439.59 c 3353.6 4442.37 3351.48 4443.76 3348.64 4443.76 c 3348.64 4448.1 m 3353.15 4448.1 3356.6 4446.27 3359.05 4442.7 c 3361.44 4439.09 3362.67 4433.86 3362.67 4427.07 c 3362.67 4420.22 3361.44 4414.99 3359.05 4411.43 c 3356.6 4407.87 3353.15 4406.09 3348.64 4406.09 c 3344.08 4406.09 3340.57 4407.87 3338.18 4411.43 c 3335.79 4414.99 3334.62 4420.22 3334.62 4427.07 c 3334.62 4433.86 3335.79 4439.09 3338.18 4442.7 c 3340.57 4446.27 3344.08 4448.1 3348.64 4448.1 c f* Q q 3405.27 3653.65 1400.66 1166.38 re W n 4.45183 w 2 J 1 j 0.68945 G 3405.27 4602.16 m 4805.7 4602.16 l S Q q 3179.18 3486.93 1805.22 1514.18 re W n 0 g 3405.27 4602.16 m 3385.8 4602.16 l f 4.45183 w 1 j 0 G 3405.27 4602.16 m 3385.8 4602.16 l S 3301.66 4581.87 m 3301.66 4586.88 l 3303 4586.21 3304.39 4585.71 3305.84 4585.38 c 3307.23 4585.04 3308.62 4584.88 3310.01 4584.88 c 3313.57 4584.88 3316.36 4586.04 3318.25 4588.49 c 3320.14 4590.94 3321.25 4594.61 3321.59 4599.62 c 3320.47 4598.06 3319.14 4596.84 3317.58 4596 c 3315.97 4595.17 3314.19 4594.78 3312.24 4594.78 c 3308.12 4594.78 3304.89 4596 3302.55 4598.45 c 3300.22 4600.9 3299.05 4604.24 3299.05 4608.52 c 3299.05 4612.64 3300.27 4615.98 3302.72 4618.54 c 3305.17 4621.04 3308.45 4622.32 3312.57 4622.32 c 3317.25 4622.32 3320.86 4620.49 3323.31 4616.93 c 3325.76 4613.31 3327.04 4608.08 3327.04 4601.29 c 3327.04 4594.84 3325.48 4589.77 3322.48 4585.98 c 3319.42 4582.2 3315.36 4580.31 3310.23 4580.31 c 3308.84 4580.31 3307.45 4580.48 3306.06 4580.7 c 3304.61 4580.92 3303.17 4581.31 3301.66 4581.87 c 3312.57 4599.06 m 3315.02 4599.06 3316.97 4599.9 3318.41 4601.57 c 3319.86 4603.24 3320.59 4605.57 3320.59 4608.52 c 3320.59 4611.42 3319.86 4613.75 3318.41 4615.43 c 3316.97 4617.09 3315.02 4617.98 3312.57 4617.98 c 3310.13 4617.98 3308.18 4617.09 3306.73 4615.43 c 3305.28 4613.75 3304.56 4611.42 3304.56 4608.52 c 3304.56 4605.57 3305.28 4603.24 3306.73 4601.57 c 3308.18 4599.9 3310.13 4599.06 3312.57 4599.06 c f* 3348.64 4617.98 m 3345.8 4617.98 3343.69 4616.59 3342.24 4613.81 c 3340.8 4611.03 3340.13 4606.86 3340.13 4601.29 c 3340.13 4595.73 3340.8 4591.55 3342.24 4588.77 c 3343.69 4585.98 3345.8 4584.59 3348.64 4584.59 c 3351.48 4584.59 3353.6 4585.98 3355.04 4588.77 c 3356.43 4591.55 3357.16 4595.73 3357.16 4601.29 c 3357.16 4606.86 3356.43 4611.03 3355.04 4613.81 c 3353.6 4616.59 3351.48 4617.98 3348.64 4617.98 c 3348.64 4622.32 m 3353.15 4622.32 3356.6 4620.49 3359.05 4616.93 c 3361.44 4613.31 3362.67 4608.08 3362.67 4601.29 c 3362.67 4594.45 3361.44 4589.21 3359.05 4585.65 c 3356.6 4582.09 3353.15 4580.31 3348.64 4580.31 c 3344.08 4580.31 3340.57 4582.09 3338.18 4585.65 c 3335.79 4589.21 3334.62 4594.45 3334.62 4601.29 c 3334.62 4608.08 3335.79 4613.31 3338.18 4616.93 c 3340.57 4620.49 3344.08 4622.32 3348.64 4622.32 c f* Q q 3405.27 3653.65 1400.66 1166.38 re W n 4.45183 w 2 J 1 j 0.68945 G 3405.27 4776.39 m 4805.7 4776.39 l S Q q 3179.18 3486.93 1805.22 1514.18 re W n 0 g 3405.27 4776.39 m 3385.8 4776.39 l f 4.45183 w 1 j 0 G 3405.27 4776.39 m 3385.8 4776.39 l S 3267.05 4759.88 m 3276.02 4759.88 l 3276.02 4790.82 l 3266.28 4788.87 l 3266.28 4793.88 l 3275.96 4795.82 l 3281.47 4795.82 l 3281.47 4759.88 l 3290.43 4759.88 l 3290.43 4755.26 l 3267.05 4755.26 l 3267.05 4759.88 l f* 3313.26 4792.21 m 3310.42 4792.21 3308.3 4790.82 3306.86 4788.04 c 3305.41 4785.25 3304.74 4781.08 3304.74 4775.51 c 3304.74 4769.95 3305.41 4765.77 3306.86 4762.99 c 3308.3 4760.21 3310.42 4758.82 3313.26 4758.82 c 3316.09 4758.82 3318.21 4760.21 3319.66 4762.99 c 3321.05 4765.77 3321.77 4769.95 3321.77 4775.51 c 3321.77 4781.08 3321.05 4785.25 3319.66 4788.04 c 3318.21 4790.82 3316.09 4792.21 3313.26 4792.21 c 3313.26 4796.55 m 3317.76 4796.55 3321.21 4794.71 3323.66 4791.15 c 3326.05 4787.53 3327.28 4782.3 3327.28 4775.51 c 3327.28 4768.67 3326.05 4763.44 3323.66 4759.88 c 3321.21 4756.31 3317.76 4754.54 3313.26 4754.54 c 3308.69 4754.54 3305.19 4756.31 3302.79 4759.88 c 3300.4 4763.44 3299.23 4768.67 3299.23 4775.51 c 3299.23 4782.3 3300.4 4787.53 3302.79 4791.15 c 3305.19 4794.71 3308.69 4796.55 3313.26 4796.55 c f* 3348.66 4792.21 m 3345.82 4792.21 3343.71 4790.82 3342.26 4788.04 c 3340.82 4785.25 3340.15 4781.08 3340.15 4775.51 c 3340.15 4769.95 3340.82 4765.77 3342.26 4762.99 c 3343.71 4760.21 3345.82 4758.82 3348.66 4758.82 c 3351.5 4758.82 3353.61 4760.21 3355.06 4762.99 c 3356.45 4765.77 3357.18 4769.95 3357.18 4775.51 c 3357.18 4781.08 3356.45 4785.25 3355.06 4788.04 c 3353.61 4790.82 3351.5 4792.21 3348.66 4792.21 c 3348.66 4796.55 m 3353.17 4796.55 3356.62 4794.71 3359.07 4791.15 c 3361.46 4787.53 3362.68 4782.3 3362.68 4775.51 c 3362.68 4768.67 3361.46 4763.44 3359.07 4759.88 c 3356.62 4756.31 3353.17 4754.54 3348.66 4754.54 c 3344.1 4754.54 3340.59 4756.31 3338.2 4759.88 c 3335.81 4763.44 3334.64 4768.67 3334.64 4775.51 c 3334.64 4782.3 3335.81 4787.53 3338.2 4791.15 c 3340.59 4794.71 3344.1 4796.55 3348.66 4796.55 c f* 3211.03 3985.27 m 3211.03 3981.2 3211.53 3978.42 3212.42 3976.86 c 3213.37 3975.3 3214.93 3974.53 3217.15 3974.53 c 3218.93 3974.53 3220.38 3975.08 3221.38 3976.25 c 3222.44 3977.42 3222.94 3979.04 3222.94 3981.04 c 3222.94 3983.82 3221.99 3986.05 3219.99 3987.71 c 3218.04 3989.39 3215.43 3990.22 3212.14 3990.22 c 3211.03 3990.22 l 3211.03 3985.27 l 3208.97 3995.23 m 3226.33 3995.23 l 3226.33 3990.22 l 3221.71 3990.22 l 3223.61 3989.05 3224.94 3987.61 3225.78 3985.93 c 3226.61 3984.27 3227.05 3982.15 3227.05 3979.7 c 3227.05 3976.59 3226.22 3974.08 3224.5 3972.25 c 3222.77 3970.41 3220.43 3969.52 3217.48 3969.52 c 3214.09 3969.52 3211.53 3970.63 3209.75 3972.97 c 3208.02 3975.25 3207.13 3978.64 3207.13 3983.21 c 3207.13 3990.22 l 3206.63 3990.22 l 3204.35 3990.22 3202.57 3989.44 3201.29 3987.94 c 3200.07 3986.43 3199.4 3984.32 3199.4 3981.59 c 3199.4 3979.81 3199.62 3978.14 3200.07 3976.47 c 3200.51 3974.8 3201.13 3973.25 3201.9 3971.75 c 3197.29 3971.75 l 3196.62 3973.52 3196.06 3975.3 3195.73 3977.03 c 3195.39 3978.76 3195.17 3980.43 3195.17 3982.09 c 3195.17 3986.49 3196.34 3989.77 3198.62 3991.95 c 3200.9 3994.11 3204.35 3995.23 3208.97 3995.23 c f* 3187.27 4010.46 m 3195.89 4010.46 l 3195.89 4020.76 l 3199.79 4020.76 l 3199.79 4010.46 l 3216.32 4010.46 l 3218.82 4010.46 3220.43 4010.8 3221.1 4011.46 c 3221.82 4012.13 3222.16 4013.52 3222.16 4015.64 c 3222.16 4020.76 l 3226.33 4020.76 l 3226.33 4015.64 l 3226.33 4011.75 3225.61 4009.07 3224.16 4007.63 c 3222.71 4006.18 3220.1 4005.46 3216.32 4005.46 c 3199.79 4005.46 l 3199.79 4001.79 l 3195.89 4001.79 l 3195.89 4005.46 l 3187.27 4005.46 l 3187.27 4010.46 l f* 3187.27 4032.28 m 3195.89 4032.28 l 3195.89 4042.58 l 3199.79 4042.58 l 3199.79 4032.28 l 3216.32 4032.28 l 3218.82 4032.28 3220.43 4032.62 3221.1 4033.29 c 3221.82 4033.95 3222.16 4035.34 3222.16 4037.46 c 3222.16 4042.58 l 3226.33 4042.58 l 3226.33 4037.46 l 3226.33 4033.56 3225.61 4030.89 3224.16 4029.45 c 3222.71 4028 3220.1 4027.27 3216.32 4027.27 c 3199.79 4027.27 l 3199.79 4023.6 l 3195.89 4023.6 l 3195.89 4027.27 l 3187.27 4027.27 l 3187.27 4032.28 l f* 3211.03 4063.01 m 3211.03 4058.95 3211.53 4056.16 3212.42 4054.6 c 3213.37 4053.05 3214.93 4052.27 3217.15 4052.27 c 3218.93 4052.27 3220.38 4052.82 3221.38 4053.99 c 3222.44 4055.16 3222.94 4056.77 3222.94 4058.78 c 3222.94 4061.56 3221.99 4063.79 3219.99 4065.46 c 3218.04 4067.13 3215.43 4067.96 3212.14 4067.96 c 3211.03 4067.96 l 3211.03 4063.01 l 3208.97 4072.97 m 3226.33 4072.97 l 3226.33 4067.96 l 3221.71 4067.96 l 3223.61 4066.79 3224.94 4065.34 3225.78 4063.68 c 3226.61 4062 3227.05 4059.89 3227.05 4057.44 c 3227.05 4054.32 3226.22 4051.82 3224.5 4049.98 c 3222.77 4048.15 3220.43 4047.26 3217.48 4047.26 c 3214.09 4047.26 3211.53 4048.37 3209.75 4050.71 c 3208.02 4052.99 3207.13 4056.38 3207.13 4060.95 c 3207.13 4067.96 l 3206.63 4067.96 l 3204.35 4067.96 3202.57 4067.18 3201.29 4065.68 c 3200.07 4064.18 3199.4 4062.06 3199.4 4059.34 c 3199.4 4057.55 3199.62 4055.88 3200.07 4054.21 c 3200.51 4052.54 3201.13 4050.98 3201.9 4049.48 c 3197.29 4049.48 l 3196.62 4051.27 3196.06 4053.05 3195.73 4054.77 c 3195.39 4056.5 3195.17 4058.16 3195.17 4059.84 c 3195.17 4064.23 3196.34 4067.52 3198.62 4069.68 c 3200.9 4071.86 3204.35 4072.97 3208.97 4072.97 c f* 3197.06 4105.18 m 3201.73 4105.18 l 3200.96 4103.73 3200.4 4102.34 3200.01 4100.89 c 3199.62 4099.44 3199.4 4098.05 3199.4 4096.61 c 3199.4 4093.38 3200.46 4090.82 3202.52 4089.04 c 3204.57 4087.26 3207.47 4086.37 3211.14 4086.37 c 3214.87 4086.37 3217.76 4087.26 3219.82 4089.04 c 3221.88 4090.82 3222.88 4093.38 3222.88 4096.61 c 3222.88 4098.05 3222.71 4099.44 3222.32 4100.89 c 3221.94 4102.34 3221.32 4103.73 3220.55 4105.18 c 3225.16 4105.18 l 3225.83 4103.73 3226.33 4102.28 3226.61 4100.84 c 3226.89 4099.33 3227.05 4097.72 3227.05 4096.05 c 3227.05 4091.48 3225.66 4087.81 3222.77 4085.14 c 3219.93 4082.41 3216.04 4081.08 3211.14 4081.08 c 3206.19 4081.08 3202.29 4082.41 3199.45 4085.14 c 3196.62 4087.87 3195.17 4091.6 3195.17 4096.38 c 3195.17 4097.94 3195.34 4099.44 3195.67 4100.89 c 3196 4102.34 3196.45 4103.79 3197.06 4105.18 c f* 3184.04 4113.68 m 3184.04 4118.69 l 3209.03 4118.69 l 3195.89 4133.6 l 3195.89 4140 l 3210.14 4123.86 l 3226.33 4140.67 l 3226.33 4134.16 l 3211.47 4118.69 l 3226.33 4118.69 l 3226.33 4113.68 l 3184.04 4113.68 l f* 3196.79 4183.18 m 3201.51 4183.18 l 3200.84 4181.73 3200.29 4180.29 3199.9 4178.79 c 3199.57 4177.23 3199.34 4175.67 3199.34 4174.05 c 3199.34 4171.55 3199.73 4169.66 3200.51 4168.43 c 3201.29 4167.21 3202.4 4166.6 3203.91 4166.6 c 3205.07 4166.6 3205.96 4167.04 3206.63 4167.93 c 3207.3 4168.82 3207.97 4170.61 3208.52 4173.28 c 3208.91 4175 l 3209.69 4178.56 3210.8 4181.07 3212.14 4182.57 c 3213.53 4184.02 3215.48 4184.8 3217.93 4184.8 c 3220.77 4184.8 3222.99 4183.68 3224.61 4181.46 c 3226.28 4179.23 3227.05 4176.11 3227.05 4172.22 c 3227.05 4170.55 3226.89 4168.88 3226.61 4167.1 c 3226.33 4165.32 3225.89 4163.48 3225.22 4161.54 c 3220.04 4161.54 l 3221.05 4163.37 3221.77 4165.21 3222.21 4166.99 c 3222.71 4168.77 3222.94 4170.55 3222.94 4172.33 c 3222.94 4174.67 3222.55 4176.5 3221.77 4177.79 c 3220.99 4179.01 3219.82 4179.68 3218.32 4179.68 c 3216.98 4179.68 3215.93 4179.18 3215.2 4178.29 c 3214.48 4177.39 3213.76 4175.39 3213.09 4172.27 c 3212.7 4170.55 l 3212.03 4167.43 3211.03 4165.15 3209.69 4163.82 c 3208.36 4162.43 3206.52 4161.76 3204.13 4161.76 c 3201.29 4161.76 3199.07 4162.76 3197.51 4164.76 c 3195.95 4166.77 3195.17 4169.66 3195.17 4173.44 c 3195.17 4175.28 3195.34 4177 3195.61 4178.68 c 3195.89 4180.29 3196.28 4181.79 3196.79 4183.18 c f* 3214.31 4192.25 m 3195.89 4192.25 l 3195.89 4197.26 l 3214.14 4197.26 l 3217.04 4197.26 3219.15 4197.82 3220.6 4198.93 c 3222.05 4200.04 3222.77 4201.71 3222.77 4204 c 3222.77 4206.66 3221.94 4208.84 3220.21 4210.39 c 3218.48 4211.95 3216.15 4212.73 3213.14 4212.73 c 3195.89 4212.73 l 3195.89 4217.74 l 3226.33 4217.74 l 3226.33 4212.73 l 3221.66 4212.73 l 3223.55 4211.51 3224.89 4210.06 3225.78 4208.5 c 3226.61 4206.89 3227.05 4205.05 3227.05 4202.94 c 3227.05 4199.43 3226 4196.76 3223.83 4194.98 c 3221.71 4193.14 3218.54 4192.25 3214.31 4192.25 c 3195.17 4204.83 m 3195.17 4204.83 l f* 3197.06 4249.95 m 3201.73 4249.95 l 3200.96 4248.5 3200.4 4247.11 3200.01 4245.66 c 3199.62 4244.21 3199.4 4242.82 3199.4 4241.38 c 3199.4 4238.15 3200.46 4235.59 3202.52 4233.81 c 3204.57 4232.03 3207.47 4231.14 3211.14 4231.14 c 3214.87 4231.14 3217.76 4232.03 3219.82 4233.81 c 3221.88 4235.59 3222.88 4238.15 3222.88 4241.38 c 3222.88 4242.82 3222.71 4244.21 3222.32 4245.66 c 3221.94 4247.11 3221.32 4248.5 3220.55 4249.95 c 3225.16 4249.95 l 3225.83 4248.5 3226.33 4247.05 3226.61 4245.61 c 3226.89 4244.11 3227.05 4242.49 3227.05 4240.82 c 3227.05 4236.26 3225.66 4232.59 3222.77 4229.91 c 3219.93 4227.19 3216.04 4225.85 3211.14 4225.85 c 3206.19 4225.85 3202.29 4227.19 3199.45 4229.91 c 3196.62 4232.64 3195.17 4236.37 3195.17 4241.16 c 3195.17 4242.71 3195.34 4244.21 3195.67 4245.66 c 3196 4247.11 3196.45 4248.55 3197.06 4249.95 c f* 3197.06 4280.54 m 3201.73 4280.54 l 3200.96 4279.1 3200.4 4277.71 3200.01 4276.26 c 3199.62 4274.81 3199.4 4273.42 3199.4 4271.97 c 3199.4 4268.75 3200.46 4266.19 3202.52 4264.41 c 3204.57 4262.63 3207.47 4261.73 3211.14 4261.73 c 3214.87 4261.73 3217.76 4262.63 3219.82 4264.41 c 3221.88 4266.19 3222.88 4268.75 3222.88 4271.97 c 3222.88 4273.42 3222.71 4274.81 3222.32 4276.26 c 3221.94 4277.71 3221.32 4279.1 3220.55 4280.54 c 3225.16 4280.54 l 3225.83 4279.1 3226.33 4277.65 3226.61 4276.2 c 3226.89 4274.7 3227.05 4273.09 3227.05 4271.42 c 3227.05 4266.86 3225.66 4263.18 3222.77 4260.51 c 3219.93 4257.78 3216.04 4256.45 3211.14 4256.45 c 3206.19 4256.45 3202.29 4257.78 3199.45 4260.51 c 3196.62 4263.24 3195.17 4266.96 3195.17 4271.75 c 3195.17 4273.31 3195.34 4274.81 3195.67 4276.26 c 3196 4277.71 3196.45 4279.15 3197.06 4280.54 c f* 3209.86 4315.26 m 3212.31 4315.26 l 3212.31 4292.27 l 3215.76 4292.5 3218.43 4293.5 3220.21 4295.39 c 3221.99 4297.23 3222.88 4299.79 3222.88 4303.13 c 3222.88 4305.02 3222.66 4306.91 3222.21 4308.69 c 3221.77 4310.47 3221.05 4312.31 3220.04 4314.09 c 3224.77 4314.09 l 3225.55 4312.31 3226.16 4310.47 3226.5 4308.58 c 3226.83 4306.69 3227.05 4304.74 3227.05 4302.85 c 3227.05 4297.95 3225.66 4294.11 3222.88 4291.27 c 3220.1 4288.43 3216.26 4287.04 3211.42 4287.04 c 3206.46 4287.04 3202.52 4288.38 3199.57 4291.05 c 3196.67 4293.72 3195.17 4297.39 3195.17 4301.96 c 3195.17 4306.07 3196.5 4309.3 3199.12 4311.7 c 3201.79 4314.03 3205.35 4315.26 3209.86 4315.26 c 3208.41 4310.25 m 3205.69 4310.19 3203.52 4309.41 3201.85 4307.97 c 3200.23 4306.46 3199.4 4304.46 3199.4 4302.01 c 3199.4 4299.23 3200.23 4297 3201.79 4295.34 c 3203.35 4293.66 3205.57 4292.66 3208.41 4292.44 c 3208.41 4310.25 l f* 3196.79 4342.87 m 3201.51 4342.87 l 3200.84 4341.43 3200.29 4339.98 3199.9 4338.48 c 3199.57 4336.92 3199.34 4335.36 3199.34 4333.75 c 3199.34 4331.24 3199.73 4329.35 3200.51 4328.13 c 3201.29 4326.9 3202.4 4326.29 3203.91 4326.29 c 3205.07 4326.29 3205.96 4326.73 3206.63 4327.63 c 3207.3 4328.52 3207.97 4330.29 3208.52 4332.96 c 3208.91 4334.69 l 3209.69 4338.25 3210.8 4340.76 3212.14 4342.26 c 3213.53 4343.71 3215.48 4344.48 3217.93 4344.48 c 3220.77 4344.48 3222.99 4343.37 3224.61 4341.14 c 3226.28 4338.92 3227.05 4335.8 3227.05 4331.91 c 3227.05 4330.24 3226.89 4328.57 3226.61 4326.79 c 3226.33 4325.01 3225.89 4323.17 3225.22 4321.22 c 3220.04 4321.22 l 3221.05 4323.06 3221.77 4324.9 3222.21 4326.68 c 3222.71 4328.46 3222.94 4330.24 3222.94 4332.02 c 3222.94 4334.36 3222.55 4336.19 3221.77 4337.47 c 3220.99 4338.7 3219.82 4339.36 3218.32 4339.36 c 3216.98 4339.36 3215.93 4338.86 3215.2 4337.97 c 3214.48 4337.08 3213.76 4335.08 3213.09 4331.96 c 3212.7 4330.24 l 3212.03 4327.12 3211.03 4324.84 3209.69 4323.5 c 3208.36 4322.11 3206.52 4321.45 3204.13 4321.45 c 3201.29 4321.45 3199.07 4322.45 3197.51 4324.45 c 3195.95 4326.46 3195.17 4329.35 3195.17 4333.13 c 3195.17 4334.97 3195.34 4336.7 3195.61 4338.36 c 3195.89 4339.98 3196.28 4341.48 3196.79 4342.87 c f* 3196.79 4371.86 m 3201.51 4371.86 l 3200.84 4370.42 3200.29 4368.97 3199.9 4367.47 c 3199.57 4365.91 3199.34 4364.35 3199.34 4362.74 c 3199.34 4360.23 3199.73 4358.34 3200.51 4357.12 c 3201.29 4355.89 3202.4 4355.28 3203.91 4355.28 c 3205.07 4355.28 3205.96 4355.73 3206.63 4356.62 c 3207.3 4357.51 3207.97 4359.29 3208.52 4361.96 c 3208.91 4363.68 l 3209.69 4367.25 3210.8 4369.75 3212.14 4371.25 c 3213.53 4372.7 3215.48 4373.48 3217.93 4373.48 c 3220.77 4373.48 3222.99 4372.36 3224.61 4370.14 c 3226.28 4367.91 3227.05 4364.8 3227.05 4360.9 c 3227.05 4359.23 3226.89 4357.56 3226.61 4355.78 c 3226.33 4354 3225.89 4352.16 3225.22 4350.21 c 3220.04 4350.21 l 3221.05 4352.05 3221.77 4353.89 3222.21 4355.67 c 3222.71 4357.45 3222.94 4359.23 3222.94 4361.01 c 3222.94 4363.35 3222.55 4365.19 3221.77 4366.46 c 3220.99 4367.69 3219.82 4368.36 3218.32 4368.36 c 3216.98 4368.36 3215.93 4367.86 3215.2 4366.96 c 3214.48 4366.08 3213.76 4364.07 3213.09 4360.96 c 3212.7 4359.23 l 3212.03 4356.12 3211.03 4353.83 3209.69 4352.5 c 3208.36 4351.11 3206.52 4350.44 3204.13 4350.44 c 3201.29 4350.44 3199.07 4351.44 3197.51 4353.45 c 3195.95 4355.45 3195.17 4358.34 3195.17 4362.13 c 3195.17 4363.96 3195.34 4365.69 3195.61 4367.36 c 3195.89 4368.97 3196.28 4370.47 3196.79 4371.86 c f* 3200.57 4416.77 m 3200.23 4416.21 3200.01 4415.6 3199.84 4414.93 c 3199.73 4414.26 3199.62 4413.54 3199.62 4412.76 c 3199.62 4409.92 3200.57 4407.75 3202.4 4406.25 c 3204.24 4404.69 3206.86 4403.96 3210.3 4403.96 c 3226.33 4403.96 l 3226.33 4398.96 l 3195.89 4398.96 l 3195.89 4403.96 l 3200.62 4403.96 l 3198.79 4404.97 3197.39 4406.36 3196.5 4408.03 c 3195.61 4409.7 3195.17 4411.76 3195.17 4414.21 c 3195.17 4414.54 3195.23 4414.93 3195.23 4415.38 c 3195.28 4415.76 3195.34 4416.21 3195.45 4416.77 c 3200.57 4416.77 l f* 3211.03 4435.86 m 3211.03 4431.8 3211.53 4429.02 3212.42 4427.46 c 3213.37 4425.9 3214.93 4425.12 3217.15 4425.12 c 3218.93 4425.12 3220.38 4425.68 3221.38 4426.84 c 3222.44 4428.01 3222.94 4429.63 3222.94 4431.63 c 3222.94 4434.41 3221.99 4436.64 3219.99 4438.31 c 3218.04 4439.98 3215.43 4440.81 3212.14 4440.81 c 3211.03 4440.81 l 3211.03 4435.86 l 3208.97 4445.82 m 3226.33 4445.82 l 3226.33 4440.81 l 3221.71 4440.81 l 3223.61 4439.64 3224.94 4438.2 3225.78 4436.53 c 3226.61 4434.86 3227.05 4432.74 3227.05 4430.3 c 3227.05 4427.18 3226.22 4424.68 3224.5 4422.84 c 3222.77 4421 3220.43 4420.11 3217.48 4420.11 c 3214.09 4420.11 3211.53 4421.22 3209.75 4423.56 c 3208.02 4425.84 3207.13 4429.24 3207.13 4433.8 c 3207.13 4440.81 l 3206.63 4440.81 l 3204.35 4440.81 3202.57 4440.04 3201.29 4438.53 c 3200.07 4437.03 3199.4 4434.91 3199.4 4432.19 c 3199.4 4430.41 3199.62 4428.74 3200.07 4427.07 c 3200.51 4425.4 3201.13 4423.84 3201.9 4422.34 c 3197.29 4422.34 l 3196.62 4424.12 3196.06 4425.9 3195.73 4427.63 c 3195.39 4429.35 3195.17 4431.02 3195.17 4432.69 c 3195.17 4437.09 3196.34 4440.37 3198.62 4442.54 c 3200.9 4444.71 3204.35 4445.82 3208.97 4445.82 c f* 3187.27 4461.05 m 3195.89 4461.05 l 3195.89 4471.35 l 3199.79 4471.35 l 3199.79 4461.05 l 3216.32 4461.05 l 3218.82 4461.05 3220.43 4461.39 3221.1 4462.06 c 3221.82 4462.73 3222.16 4464.12 3222.16 4466.23 c 3222.16 4471.35 l 3226.33 4471.35 l 3226.33 4466.23 l 3226.33 4462.34 3225.61 4459.66 3224.16 4458.22 c 3222.71 4456.77 3220.1 4456.05 3216.32 4456.05 c 3199.79 4456.05 l 3199.79 4452.38 l 3195.89 4452.38 l 3195.89 4456.05 l 3187.27 4456.05 l 3187.27 4461.05 l f* 3209.86 4503.96 m 3212.31 4503.96 l 3212.31 4480.98 l 3215.76 4481.21 3218.43 4482.21 3220.21 4484.1 c 3221.99 4485.94 3222.88 4488.5 3222.88 4491.84 c 3222.88 4493.73 3222.66 4495.62 3222.21 4497.4 c 3221.77 4499.18 3221.05 4501.02 3220.04 4502.8 c 3224.77 4502.8 l 3225.55 4501.02 3226.16 4499.18 3226.5 4497.29 c 3226.83 4495.39 3227.05 4493.45 3227.05 4491.56 c 3227.05 4486.66 3225.66 4482.82 3222.88 4479.98 c 3220.1 4477.14 3216.26 4475.75 3211.42 4475.75 c 3206.46 4475.75 3202.52 4477.09 3199.57 4479.76 c 3196.67 4482.43 3195.17 4486.1 3195.17 4490.67 c 3195.17 4494.79 3196.5 4498.01 3199.12 4500.41 c 3201.79 4502.74 3205.35 4503.96 3209.86 4503.96 c 3208.41 4498.96 m 3205.69 4498.9 3203.52 4498.13 3201.85 4496.68 c 3200.23 4495.18 3199.4 4493.17 3199.4 4490.72 c 3199.4 4487.94 3200.23 4485.71 3201.79 4484.04 c 3203.35 4482.38 3205.57 4481.38 3208.41 4481.15 c 3208.41 4498.96 l f* 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4612.31 3817.96 4613.04 3815.9 4613.04 3813.23 c 4613.04 3809.11 4611.42 3805.82 4608.19 3803.27 c 4604.96 3800.71 4600.73 3799.43 4595.5 3799.43 c 4593.33 3799.43 4591.16 3799.65 4588.99 3800.04 c 4586.82 3800.43 4584.65 3801.04 4582.48 3801.93 c 4583.59 3807.61 l 4585.6 3806.32 4587.6 3805.38 4589.61 3804.77 c 4591.61 3804.1 4593.67 3803.82 4595.67 3803.82 c 4599.07 3803.82 4601.79 3804.54 4603.91 3806.1 c 4605.96 3807.61 4607.02 3809.61 4607.02 3812.06 c 4607.02 3813.67 4606.58 3814.89 4605.74 3815.73 c 4604.91 3816.56 4603.13 3817.34 4600.46 3818.07 c 4597.17 3818.9 l 4593.39 3819.85 4590.83 3820.96 4589.5 3822.24 c 4588.1 3823.52 4587.43 3825.3 4587.43 3827.64 c 4587.43 3831.64 4588.99 3834.98 4592.11 3837.54 c 4595.23 3840.1 4599.23 3841.44 4604.24 3841.44 c 4606.13 3841.44 4608.08 3841.27 4609.97 3840.94 c 4611.86 3840.61 4613.81 3840.05 4615.7 3839.38 c f* 4620.75 3840.71 m 4655.09 3840.71 l 4654.2 3836.1 l 4639.73 3836.1 l 4632.77 3800.15 l 4627.27 3800.15 l 4634.22 3836.1 l 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4559.4 3744.32 4557.62 3743.71 4555.84 3742.93 c 4556.73 3747.55 l 4558.62 3748.22 4560.46 3748.77 4562.24 3749.11 c 4564.02 3749.44 4565.8 3749.67 4567.47 3749.67 c 4571.03 3749.67 4573.76 3748.89 4575.65 3747.33 c 4577.54 3745.77 4578.49 3743.49 4578.49 3740.54 c 4578.49 3739.93 4578.43 3739.2 4578.32 3738.43 c 4578.21 3737.59 4578.1 3736.75 4577.93 3735.86 c 4572.54 3733.8 m 4567.52 3733.8 l 4563.41 3733.8 4560.4 3733.25 4558.46 3732.14 c 4556.45 3731.02 4555.5 3729.36 4555.5 3727.07 c 4555.5 3725.46 4556.01 3724.18 4557.01 3723.29 c 4558.01 3722.4 4559.4 3721.95 4561.18 3721.95 c 4563.85 3721.95 4566.25 3722.9 4568.25 3724.85 c 4570.25 3726.79 4571.64 3729.41 4572.31 3732.69 c 4572.54 3733.8 l f* 4615.7 3757.73 m 4614.64 3752.39 l 4612.81 3753.34 4610.97 3754.06 4609.2 3754.56 c 4607.41 3755.06 4605.63 3755.34 4603.96 3755.34 c 4600.68 3755.34 4598.06 3754.62 4596.12 3753.17 c 4594.17 3751.73 4593.22 3749.83 4593.22 3747.5 c 4593.22 3746.16 4593.55 3745.16 4594.28 3744.49 c 4595 3743.77 4596.84 3743.04 4599.84 3742.27 c 4603.13 3741.43 l 4606.8 3740.43 4609.42 3739.2 4610.86 3737.76 c 4612.31 3736.31 4613.04 3734.25 4613.04 3731.58 c 4613.04 3727.46 4611.42 3724.18 4608.19 3721.62 c 4604.96 3719.06 4600.73 3717.78 4595.5 3717.78 c 4593.33 3717.78 4591.16 3718 4588.99 3718.39 c 4586.82 3718.78 4584.65 3719.39 4582.48 3720.29 c 4583.59 3725.96 l 4585.6 3724.68 4587.6 3723.73 4589.61 3723.12 c 4591.61 3722.45 4593.67 3722.18 4595.67 3722.18 c 4599.07 3722.18 4601.79 3722.9 4603.91 3724.46 c 4605.96 3725.96 4607.02 3727.96 4607.02 3730.41 c 4607.02 3732.02 4606.58 3733.25 4605.74 3734.09 c 4604.91 3734.92 4603.13 3735.7 4600.46 3736.42 c 4597.17 3737.26 l 4593.39 3738.2 4590.83 3739.32 4589.5 3740.59 c 4588.1 3741.88 4587.43 3743.66 4587.43 3745.99 c 4587.43 3750 4588.99 3753.34 4592.11 3755.9 c 4595.23 3758.46 4599.23 3759.79 4604.24 3759.79 c 4606.13 3759.79 4608.08 3759.63 4609.97 3759.29 c 4611.86 3758.96 4613.81 3758.4 4615.7 3757.73 c f* 4620.75 3759.07 m 4655.09 3759.07 l 4654.2 3754.45 l 4639.73 3754.45 l 4632.77 3718.5 l 4627.27 3718.5 l 4634.22 3754.45 l 4619.86 3754.45 l 4620.75 3759.07 l f* 4668.21 3733.64 34.8359 4.61719 re f* 4729.13 3759.07 m 4734.63 3759.07 l 4727.68 3723.07 l 4747.43 3723.07 l 4746.54 3718.5 l 4721.28 3718.5 l 4729.13 3759.07 l f* Q q 180 580 5590 7260 re W n 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 333.632 Tm [ (Figure) -309.997 (6\056) -310.996 (Attack) -309.988 (success) -311.004 (rate) -310.012 (of) -310.987 (BIM) -310.024 (attacks) -310.978 (generate) 1.01354 (d) -311.019 (by) -310.018 (DaST) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (in) -249.992 (training) -249.992 (stage) -250.001 (of) -249.983 (Azure) -250.01 (e) 15.0212 (xperiments\056) ] TJ /R10 9.09982 Tf 29.6508 TL T* [ (ti) 24.9967 (v) 15.0136 (eness) -294.984 (of) -294.984 (our) -294.005 (method\056) -444.996 (It) -293.98 (presented) -295.013 (that) -295.019 (machine) -295.019 (learning) ] TJ 10.9199 TL T* [ (systems) -254.984 (ha) 20.0038 (v) 15.0136 (e) -256.004 (signi\336cant) -255.003 (risks\054) -256.996 (attack) 9.99118 (ers) -255 (can) -255.016 (train) -255.982 (substitute) ] TJ T* [ (models) -250.01 (e) 24.994 (v) 15.0136 (en) -250.005 (when) -249.997 (the) -249.997 (real) -250.002 (input) -250.021 (data) -249.989 (is) -250 (hard) -249.994 (to) -250.005 (collect\056) ] TJ 10.9199 -11.2094 Td [ (The) -342.015 (proposed) -342.018 (DaST) -340.988 (cannot) -341.997 (generate) -341.997 (adv) 15.0136 (ersarial) -342.007 (e) 14.9921 (xam\055) ] TJ -10.9199 -10.9195 Td [ (ples) -321.987 (alone\054) -338.989 (it) -320.992 (should) -321.982 (be) -321.993 (used) -321.016 (with) -322.014 (other) -320.989 (gradient\055based) -321.998 (at\055) ] TJ T* [ (tack) -347.003 (methods\056) -601.982 (In) -347.998 (future) -346.987 (w) 10.018 (ork\054) -372.008 (we) -346.992 (will) -348.012 (design) -346.992 (a) -347.008 (ne) 24.9833 (w) -347.99 (sub\055) ] TJ T* [ (stitute) -238.001 (training) -238.997 (method\054) -241.009 (which) 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-348.011 (pages) -328.011 (15\32026\056) -329.013 (A) 39.996 (CM\054) ] TJ -125.774 -10.0102 Td (2017\056) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 103.342 357.023 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 107.437 357.023 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 111.532 357.023 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 67.8672 346.425 Tm [ (\1339\135) -555.967 (Minhao) -337.99 (Cheng\054) -360.003 (Thong) -338.995 (Le\054) -360.018 (Pin\055Y) 110.993 (u) -338.018 (Chen\054) -361.008 (Jinfeng) -338.006 (Y) 55.0203 (i\054) -360.003 (Huan) ] TJ 14.0992 -10.009 Td [ (Zhang\054) -235.998 (and) -232.99 (Cho\055Jui) -233.007 (Hsieh\056) -323.019 (Query\055ef) 24.9822 (\336cient) -232.977 (hard\055label) -233.007 (black\055) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (box) -253.017 (attack\072) -314.998 (An) -252.997 (optimization\055based) -253.008 (approa) 0.99565 (ch\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 150.786 0 Td [ (arXiv) -252.991 (pr) 37.0061 (eprint) ] TJ -150.786 -10.0102 Td (arXiv\0721807\05604457) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 59.8266 0 Td [ (\054) -249.997 (2018\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 167.264 316.396 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 171.359 316.396 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 175.454 316.396 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 305.798 Tm [ (\13310\135) -556.012 (Guneet) -518.015 (S\056) -517.992 (Dhillon\054) -584.988 (Kamyar) -517.981 (Azizzadenesheli\054) -585.009 (Jeremy) -518.017 (D\056) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0102 Td [ (Bernstein\054) -338.987 (Jean) -322.004 (K) 34.988 (ossai\336\054) -339.978 (Aran) -320.979 (Khanna\054) -340.013 (Zachary) -320.991 (C\056) -321.998 (Lipton\054) ] TJ 10.009 TL T* [ (and) -243.006 (Animashree) -243.995 (Anandkumar) 55.0039 (\056) -345.007 (Stochastic) -244.021 (acti) 24.9986 (v) 24.9957 (ation) -242.999 (pruning) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (for) -312.002 (rob) 19.9786 (ust) -313.006 (adv) 14.981 (ersarial) -312.011 (defense\056) -558.991 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 114.361 0 Td [ (International) -312.015 (Confer) 37.0091 (ence) ] TJ -114.361 -10.0102 Td [ (on) -250.016 (Learning) -249.983 (Repr) 37.0195 (esentations) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 94.7887 0 Td [ (\054) -249.997 (2018\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 202.226 265.759 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 255.161 Tm [ (\13311\135) -556.012 (Ga) 20.0092 (vin) -254.996 (W) 79.9876 (eiguang) -255.995 (Ding\054) -256.995 (Luyu) -256.007 (W) 79.9876 (ang\054) -257.004 (and) -255.978 (Xiaomeng) -255.987 (Jin\056) -377.99 (Ad\055) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.009 Td [ (v) 14.9795 (erT) 79.9861 (orch) -324.008 (v0\0561\072) -457.008 (An) -324.017 (adv) 14.981 (ersarial) -323.982 (rob) 19.9786 (ustness) -322.988 (toolbox) -324.022 (based) -324.005 (on) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (p) 10.0191 (ytorch\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 29.9336 0 Td [ (arXiv) -249.986 (pr) 37.0076 (eprint) -250.018 (arXiv\0721902\05607623) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 108.662 0 Td [ (\054) -249.995 (2019\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 246.033 235.142 Tm (5) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 224.543 Tm [ (\13312\135) -556.012 (Reuben) -286.006 (Feinman\054) -297.001 (Ryan) -286.007 (R) -287.015 (Curtin\054) -296.003 (Saurabh) -286.984 (Shintre\054) -296.016 (and) -286.981 (An\055) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (dre) 24.9815 (w) -365.993 (B) -364.998 (Gardner) 54.9964 (\056) -730.009 (Detecting) -365 (adv) 14.981 (ersarial) -366.004 (samples) -365.023 (from) -366.01 (arti\055) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (f) 10.0027 (acts\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 20.3758 0 Td [ (arXiv) -249.986 (pr) 37.0076 (eprint) -250.018 (arXiv\0721703\05600410) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 108.662 0 Td [ (\054) -249.995 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 236.475 204.523 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 193.926 Tm [ (\13313\135) -556.012 (Zhita) 0.97851 (o) -594.002 (Gong\054) -678.986 (W) 79.9876 (enlu) -594.02 (W) 79.9876 (ang\054) -679.018 (and) -593 (W) 79.9891 (ei\055Shinn) -593.994 (K) 15.0034 (u\056) -1457.99 (Ad\055) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (v) 14.9795 (ersarial) -543.002 (and) -543.014 (clean) -542.992 (data) -542.99 (are) -543.989 (not) -542.984 (twins\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 148.407 0 Td [ (arXiv) -542.983 (pr) 37.0061 (eprint) ] TJ -148.407 -10.0098 Td (arXiv\0721704\05604960) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 59.8266 0 Td [ (\054) -249.997 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 167.264 173.907 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 163.309 Tm [ (\13314\135) -556.012 (Ian) -326.013 (J) -327.012 (Goodfello) 24.9778 (w) 64.9887 (\054) -346.009 (Jonathon) -327.017 (Shlens\054) -346.978 (and) -326.998 (Chris) 0.98373 (tian) -326.995 (Sze) 14.9825 (gedy) 65.0185 (\056) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0102 Td [ (Explaining) -529.98 (and) -529.993 (harnessing) -529.99 (adv) 14.981 (ersarial) -529.983 (e) 15.0212 (xamples\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 179.112 0 Td [ (Inter) 19.9935 (\055) ] TJ -179.112 -10.0098 Td [ (national) -412.995 (Confer) 37.0091 (ence) -412 (on) -412.993 (Learning) -412.007 (Repr) 37.021 (esentations) -413.017 (\050ICLR\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 195.548 0 Td (\054) Tj -195.548 -10.0102 Td (2015\056) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 103.342 133.279 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 107.437 133.279 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 111.532 133.279 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 115.627 133.279 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 119.721 133.279 Tm (5) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 123.816 133.279 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 127.912 133.279 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 132.007 133.279 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 136.102 133.279 Tm (7) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 707.842 Tm [ (\13315\135) -556.013 (Kathr) 0.99565 (in) -606.997 (Grosse\054) -695.002 (Pra) 19.9786 (v) 14.9795 (een) -606.979 (Manoharan\054) -695.008 (Nicolas) -606 (P) 14.9825 (apernot\054) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (Michael) -481.011 (Back) 9.98932 (es\054) -538.997 (and) -481.008 (P) 14.9855 (atrick) -482.021 (McDaniel\056) -1100.01 (O) 0.97777 (n) -482.009 (the) -480.984 (\050statis\055) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (tical\051) -507.989 (detection) -508.016 (of) -508.019 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -507.992 (e) 15.0242 (xamples\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 148.695 0 Td [ (arXiv) -508.022 (pr) 37.0061 (eprint) ] TJ -148.695 -10.0098 Td (arXiv\0721702\05606280) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 59.8266 0 Td [ (\054) -249.995 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 403.605 677.812 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 665.954 Tm [ (\13316\135) -556.013 (Chuan) -375.006 (Guo\054) -406.978 (Jacob) -375.993 (Gardner) 40.0229 (\054) -407.013 (Y) 111.012 (urong) -375.987 (Y) 110.011 (ou\054) -407.007 (Andre) 25.0106 (w) -375.009 (Gordon) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (W) 40.0199 (ilson\054) -270.976 (and) -265.994 (Kilian) -265.982 (W) 79.9891 (einber) 18 (ger) 54.9815 (\056) -413.023 (Simple) -266 (black\055box) -267.02 (adv) 14.9825 (ersar) 19.9965 (\055) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (ial) -287.982 (attacks\056) -481.991 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 48.4656 0 Td [ (International) -288.024 (Confer) 37.0061 (ence) -287.988 (on) -287.982 (Mac) 15.0183 (hine) -288 (Learn\055) ] TJ -48.4656 -10.0098 Td (ing) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 10.4664 0 Td [ (\054) -249.995 (pages) -249.98 (2484\3202493\054) -250.016 (2019\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 415.891 635.925 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 419.986 635.925 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 424.08 635.925 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 624.068 Tm [ (\13317\135) -556.013 (W) 79.9891 (arren) -264.978 (He\054) -270.004 (Jam) 1.02248 (es) -266.009 (W) 79.9891 (ei\054) -269.002 (Xin) 14.9885 (yun) -265.988 (Chen\054) -269.005 (Nicholas) -266.018 (Carlini\054) -268.981 (and) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (Da) 15 (wn) -387.023 (Song\056) -797.002 (Adv) 15.0093 (ersarial) -385.988 (e) 15.0242 (xample) -386.993 (defense\072) -582.982 (Ensembles) -386.993 (of) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (weak) -213.985 (defenses) -213.991 (are) -212.98 (not) -213.976 (strong\056) -281.984 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 106.35 0 Td [ (11th) -214.024 (W) 91.9936 (orkshop) -214.018 (on) -213.004 (Of) 17.9873 (fensive) ] TJ -106.35 -10.0102 Td [ (T) 92.0144 (ec) 15.0212 (hnolo) 10.0102 (gies) -250.001 (\050W) 25.0165 (OO) 40.0229 (T) -250.013 (2017\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 91.3168 0 Td [ (\054) -249.998 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 435.096 594.038 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 582.18 Tm [ (\13318\135) -556.013 (Dan) -194 (Hendrycks) -194.012 (and) -194.021 (K) 25.0195 (e) 24.9897 (vin) -194.993 (Gim) 0.98969 (pel\056) -240 (Early) -193.997 (methods) -194.015 (for) -194.003 (detect\055) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (ing) -275.981 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -275 (images\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 79.6609 0 Td [ (International) -276.005 (Confer) 37.0061 (ence) -275.015 (on) -276.011 (Learn\055) ] TJ -79.6609 -10.0102 Td [ (ing) -249.986 (Repr) 37.021 (esentations) -249.992 (\050ICLR\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 90.2348 0 Td [ (\054) -249.998 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 434.013 562.16 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 550.303 Tm [ (\13319\135) -556.013 (Andre) 25.0106 (w) -371 (Ilyas\054) -400.995 (Log) 4.98125 (an) -370.976 (Engstrom\054) -400.986 (Anish) -371.021 (Athalye\054) -401.01 (and) -371.021 (Jessy) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0094 Td [ (Lin\056) -488.001 (Black\055box) -289.994 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -290.978 (attacks) -289.991 (with) -290.003 (limited) -289.991 (queries) -289.979 (and) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (information\056) -256.002 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 51.2891 0 Td [ (International) -201.98 (Confer) 37.0061 (ence) -201.992 (on) -201.986 (Mac) 15.0183 (hine) -201.003 (Learn\055) ] TJ -51.2891 -10.0098 Td (ing) Tj /R10 8.1899 Tf 10.4664 0 Td [ (\054) -249.995 (pages) -249.98 (2142\3202151\054) -250.016 (2018\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 415.891 520.274 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 508.416 Tm [ (\13320\135) -556.013 (Andre) 25.0106 (w) -510.988 (Ilyas\054) -576.993 (Log) 4.98125 (an) -511.012 (Engstrom\054) -576.984 (and) -511.009 (Aleksander) -510.979 (Madry) 64.9977 (\056) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0102 Td [ (Prior) -371.015 (con) 40.0229 (victions\072) -552.015 (Black\055box) -371.987 (adv) 14.9825 (ersaria) 0.98969 (l) -371.999 (attacks) -370.979 (with) -370.991 (ban\055) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (dits) -307.016 (and) -307.013 (priors\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 54.2961 0 Td [ (arXiv) -306.983 (pr) 37.0061 (eprint) -307.013 (arXiv\0721807\05607978) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 109.6 0 Td [ (\054) -322.019 (2018\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 509.764 488.396 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 513.859 488.396 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 318.308 478.386 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 466.529 Tm [ (\13321\135) -556.013 (Ale) 14.9825 (x) -374.983 (Krizhe) 24.9867 (vsk) 15.0212 (y) -375.984 (and) -375.981 (Geof) 25.0076 (fre) 14.9944 (y) -375.981 (Hinton\056) -764.018 (Lea) 1.01354 (rning) -376.011 (multiple) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.009 Td [ (layers) -303.006 (of) -303.021 (features) -302.02 (from) -303.003 (tin) 14.9885 (y) -303.009 (images\056) -529.014 (T) 69.9819 (echnical) -303.006 (report\054) -316.004 (Cite\055) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (seer) 39.9931 (\054) -249.995 (2009\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 356.637 446.509 Tm (5) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 434.652 Tm [ (\13322\135) -556.013 (Ale) 14.9825 (x) 14.9795 (e) 15.0212 (y) -253.978 (K) 15.0034 (urakin\054) -254.983 (Ian) -253.993 (Goodfello) 24.9808 (w) 64.9857 (\054) -255.006 (and) -254.023 (Samy) -253.987 (Bengio\056) -372.994 (Adv) 15.0123 (er) 20.0204 (\055) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (sarial) -257.004 (e) 15.0212 (xamples) -257.981 (in) -257.004 (the) -258.005 (ph) 5.01404 (ysical) -256.986 (w) 9.9923 (orld\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 126.947 0 Td [ (International) -257.022 (Confer) 19.9786 (\055) ] TJ -126.947 -10.0102 Td [ (ence) -294 (on) -293.992 (Learning) -295.008 (Re) 1.01354 (pr) 37.0061 (esentations) -295.017 (\050ICLR\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 138.536 0 Td [ (\054) -294.022 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 483.838 414.632 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 487.933 414.632 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 492.479 414.632 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 496.573 414.632 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 501.119 414.632 Tm (5) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 505.214 414.632 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 509.759 414.632 Tm (6) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 513.854 414.632 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 318.308 404.622 Tm (7) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 392.764 Tm [ (\13323\135) -556.013 (Ale) 14.9825 (x) 14.9795 (e) 15.0212 (y) -253.978 (K) 15.0034 (urakin\054) -254.983 (Ian) -253.993 (Goodfello) 24.9808 (w) 64.9857 (\054) -255.006 (and) -254.023 (Samy) -253.987 (Bengio\056) -372.994 (Adv) 15.0123 (er) 20.0204 (\055) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (sarial) -355.019 (machine) -355.991 (learning) -354.998 (at) -355.022 (scale\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 114.009 0 Td [ (International) -354.989 (Confer) 37.0061 (ence) ] TJ -114.009 -10.0102 Td [ (on) -250.016 (Learning) -249.983 (Repr) 37.021 (esentations) -249.992 (\050ICLR\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 120.038 0 Td [ (\054) -249.998 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 463.817 372.744 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 360.888 Tm [ (\13324\135) -556.013 (Y) 99.9976 (ann) -263.991 (LeCun\054) -268.987 (L) ] TJ 69.2813 0.04102 Td (\253) Tj -0.45469 -0.04102 Td [ (eon) -264.993 (Bottou\054) -267.989 (Y) 110.011 (oshua) -264.999 (Bengio\054) -269.017 (P) 14.9825 (atrick) -265.005 (Haf) 25.0046 (fner) 39.9931 (\054) ] TJ -50.6324 -10.0102 Td [ (et) -355.022 (al\056) -696.024 (Gradient\055based) -355.997 (learni) 0.99565 (ng) -355.997 (applied) -354.989 (to) -355.019 (document) -354.977 (recog\055) ] TJ 10.0098 TL (nition\056) ' /R24 8.1899 Tf 26.0309 0 Td [ (Pr) 44.9832 (oceedings) -323.018 (of) -323.015 (the) -324.017 (IEEE) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 82.6332 0 Td [ (\054) -323.021 (86\05011\051\0722278\3202324\054) -342.004 (1998\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 318.308 330.857 Tm (5) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 319 Tm [ (\13325\135) -556.013 (Y) 99.9976 (anpei) -476.024 (Liu\054) -532.978 (Xin) 14.9855 (yun) -475.997 (Chen\054) -533.002 (Chang) -476.977 (Liu\054) -532.978 (and) -476 (Da) 15 (wn) -476.024 (Song\056) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0102 Td [ (Delving) -425.025 (into) -426.005 (transferable) -425.01 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -425 (e) 15.0242 (xamples) -426.014 (and) -425.013 (black\055) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (box) -345.978 (attacks\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 45.3766 0 Td [ (International) -346.022 (Confer) 37.0061 (ence) -345.986 (on) -345.98 (Learning) -345.992 (Repr) 37.018 (e\055) ] TJ -45.3766 -10.0102 Td [ (sentations) -249.992 (\050ICLR\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 58.4664 0 Td [ (\054) -249.995 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 402.245 288.97 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 277.113 Tm [ (\13326\135) -556.013 (Xingj) 0.99565 (un) -339.017 (Ma\054) -360.993 (Bo) -337.997 (Li\054) -360.99 (Y) 55.0203 (isen) -339.002 (W) 79.9861 (ang\054) -360.981 (Sara) 0.99565 (h) -339.017 (M\056) -339.005 (Erf) 10.0042 (ani\054) -360.003 (Sudan\055) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0102 Td [ (thi) -382.987 (W) 40.0199 (ije) 24.9986 (wickrema\054) -416.004 (Grant) -383.004 (Schoenebeck\054) -416.01 (Michael) -382.999 (E\056) -383.004 (Houle\054) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (Da) 15 (wn) -439.011 (Song\054) -485.977 (and) -438.988 (James) -438.982 (Baile) 15 (y) 65.0155 (\056) -965.008 (Characterizing) -439.011 (adv) 14.9825 (ersar) 19.9965 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (ial) -321.989 (subspaces) -321.015 (using) -322.013 (local) -320.985 (intrinsic) -321.995 (dimensionality) 64.9977 (\056) -589.021 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 179.112 0 Td [ (Inter) 19.9906 (\055) ] TJ -179.112 -10.0102 Td [ (national) -412.993 (Confer) 37.0091 (ence) -412 (on) -412.993 (Learning) -412.004 (Repr) 37.018 (esentations) -413.017 (\050ICLR\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 195.548 0 Td (\054) Tj -195.548 -10.0098 Td (2018\056) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 339.684 227.064 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 300.114 215.206 Tm [ (\13327\135) -556.013 (Aleks) 1.00162 (ander) -342.991 (Madry) 64.9977 (\054) -364.99 (Aleksandar) -342.994 (Mak) 10.0102 (elo) 15.0063 (v) 65.0155 (\054) -364.993 (Ludwig) -341.998 (Schmidt\054) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0102 Td [ (Dimitris) -279.015 (Tsipras\054) -285.991 (and) -279.015 (Adrian) -279.975 (Vladu\056) -452.98 (T) 79.998 (o) 24.9986 (w) 9.9923 (ards) -278.992 (deep) -279.015 (learning) ] TJ 10.009 TL T* [ (models) -220.013 (resistant) -220.015 (to) -220.993 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -220.004 (attacks\056) -295.023 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 136.187 0 Td [ (International) -220.01 (Con\055) ] TJ -136.187 -10.0098 Td [ 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(Chen\056) -581.986 (Magnet\072) -449.004 (a) -318.991 (tw) 10.0221 (o\055pronged) -318.997 (de\055) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0102 Td [ (fense) -376.008 (ag) 5.01106 (ainst) -375.984 (adv) 14.9825 (ersarial) -376.02 (e) 15.0212 (xamples) 1.00758 (\056) -763.016 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 134.488 0 Td [ (Pr) 44.9832 (oceedings) -376.005 (of) -376.005 (the) ] TJ -134.488 -10.0098 Td [ (2017) -318.025 (A) 30.0157 (CM) -317.98 (SIGSA) 29.9888 (C) -318.016 (Confer) 37.0091 (ence) -317.989 (on) -317.983 (Computer) -318.013 (and) -317.977 (Commu\055) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (nications) -249.983 (Security) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 58.9168 0 Td [ (\054) -249.995 (pages) -249.98 (135\320147\056) -250.022 (A) 39.9931 (CM\054) -249.98 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 478.575 133.279 Tm (2) Tj ET Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 261.5 55 72 14 re f* 0.5 0.5 0.5 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.8 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 290.75 58 Tm (242) Tj T* ET Q endstream 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8.1899 Tf 195.548 0 Td (\054) Tj -195.548 -10.0098 Td (2017\056) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 103.342 677.812 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 666.891 Tm [ (\13330\135) -556.012 (Se) 14.9832 (yed\055Mohse) 0.98522 (n) -577.977 (Moosa) 19.9757 (vi\055Dezfooli\054) -658.994 (Alhussein) -576.999 (F) 14.9855 (a) 15.0212 (wzi\054) -658.985 (and) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.009 Td [ (P) 14.9847 (ascal) -255.015 (Frossard\056) -376.993 (Deepfool\072) -321.013 (a) -255.986 (simple) -254.997 (and) -254.977 (accurate) -256.023 (method) -255.009 (to) ] TJ 10.0098 TL T* [ (fool) -262.02 (deep) -261.991 (neural) -262.024 (netw) 9.97591 (orks\056) -398.012 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 99.773 0 Td [ (Pr) 44.9832 (oceedings) -262.015 (of) -262.012 (the) -262.012 (IEEE) -261.01 (con\055) ] TJ -99.773 -10.0102 Td [ (fer) 36.9823 (ence) -364.017 (on) -364.01 (computer) -363.009 (vision) -364.011 (and) -364.005 (pattern) -364.007 (r) 37.0031 (eco) 10.0162 (gnition) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 173.688 0 Td [ (\054) -391.986 (pages) ] TJ -173.688 -10.0098 Td [ (2574\3202582\054) -250.015 (2016\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 144.291 626.853 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 148.386 626.853 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 152.481 626.853 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 615.933 Tm [ (\13331\135) -556.012 (Nina) -214.004 (Narodytska) -214.016 (and) -214.007 (Shi) 24.9837 (v) 24.9957 (a) -215.015 (Prasad) -213.977 (Kasi) 24.9897 (visw) 10.0191 (anathan\056) -282.014 (Simple) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (black\055box) -206.018 (adv) 14.981 (ersarial) -206.984 (perturbations) -205.984 (for) -206.023 (deep) -206.997 (netw) 9.9774 (orks\056) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 179.398 0 Td (arXiv) Tj -179.398 -10.0098 Td [ (pr) 37.0068 (eprint) -250.018 (arXiv\0721612\05606299) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 88.4168 0 Td [ (\054) -249.997 (2016\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 195.854 595.913 Tm (8) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 584.993 Tm [ (\13332\135) -556.012 (T) 35.0237 (ribhuv) 25.021 (anes) 0.99267 (h) -491.981 (Orek) 9.98336 (ondy) 65.023 (\054) -552.008 (Bernt) -491.996 (Schiele\054) -551.991 (and) -491.978 (Mario) -491.018 (Fritz\056) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (Knock) 10.0027 (of) 24.9822 (f) -324.012 (nets\072) -458.977 (Stealing) -325 (functionality) -324.002 (of) -325.009 (blac) 0.98075 (k\055box) -325 (models\056) ] TJ 10.0102 TL (In) ' /R24 8.1899 Tf 8.69609 0 Td [ (IEEE) -229.005 (Confer) 37.0091 (ence) -228.99 (on) -228.982 (Computer) -228.008 (V) 73.9913 (ision) -228.982 (and) -228.979 (P) 80.001 (attern) -228.982 (Reco) 9.98336 (g\055) ] TJ -8.69609 -10.0098 Td [ (nition) -250.024 (\050CVPR\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 47.091 0 Td [ (\054) -249.997 (2019\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 154.528 554.964 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 544.044 Tm [ (\13333\135) -556.012 (Nicola) 0.9882 (s) -450.02 (P) 14.9855 (apernot) -449.99 (and) -449.005 (P) 14.9855 (atrick) -450.016 (McDa) 1.0195 (niel\056) -999.004 (Deep) -448.983 (k\055nearest) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0102 Td [ (neighbors\072) -343.982 (T) 80.001 (o) 24.9957 (w) 9.99528 (ards) -267.021 (con\336dent\054) -270.985 (interpretable) -267.008 (and) -266.996 (rob) 19.9786 (ust) -266.978 (deep) ] TJ 10.0098 TL (learning\056) ' /R24 8.1899 Tf 31.8336 0 Td [ (arXiv) -249.986 (pr) 37.0076 (eprint) -250.018 (arXiv\0721803\05604765) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 108.662 0 Td [ (\054) -249.995 (2018\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 247.933 524.024 Tm (2) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 513.104 Tm [ (\13334\135) -556.012 (Nicola) 0.9882 (s) -750.982 (P) 14.9855 (apernot\054) -874.984 (P) 14.9855 (atrick) -749.976 (McDaniel\054) -874.976 (Ian) -749.983 (Goodfello) 24.9778 (w) 64.9887 (\054) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (Somesh) -218.984 (Jha) 0.99565 (\054) -225.004 (Z) -219.005 (Berkay) -218.008 (Celik\054) -225.022 (and) -219.015 (Ananthram) -217.988 (Sw) 10.0042 (ami\056) -292.007 (Practi\055) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (cal) -264.02 (black\055box) -264.017 (attacks) -263.999 (ag) 5.00957 (ainst) -263.996 (machine) -263.985 (learning\056) -405.007 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 167.949 0 Td [ (Pr) 44.9832 (oceed\055) ] TJ -167.949 -10.0098 Td [ (ings) -296.977 (of) -298.021 (the) -297.021 (2017) -297.991 (A) 30.0157 (CM) -296.992 (on) -296.997 (Asia) -298.015 (confer) 36.9882 (ence) -297.006 (on) -297.998 (compute) 1.01354 (r) -298.013 (and) ] TJ T* [ (communications) -250.021 (security) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 81.6605 0 Td [ (\054) -249.997 (pages) -249.979 (506\320519\056) -250.022 (A) 39.996 (CM\054) -249.98 (2017\056) ] TJ ET Q /R27 cs 1 0 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 264.977 473.065 Tm (1) Tj ET Q /R29 cs 0 scn q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R10 8.1899 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.7723 462.145 Tm [ (\13335\135) -556.012 (Nicolas) -557.014 (P) 14.9855 (apernot\054) -634.978 (P) 14.9855 (at) 0.98075 (rick) -557.979 (McDaniel\054) -634.016 (Somesh) -558.007 (Jha\054) -634.004 (Matt) ] TJ 18.1941 -10.0098 Td [ (Fredrikson\054) -411.005 (Z) -378.977 (Berkay) -378.982 (Celik\054) -411.99 (and) -378.988 (Ananthram) -379.01 (Sw) 10.0042 (ami\056) -773.02 (The) ] TJ 10.0102 TL T* [ (limitations) -293.993 (of) -294.008 (deep) -294.997 (learning) -293.996 (in) -294.014 (adv) 14.981 (ersarial) -293.983 (settings\056) -501.997 (In) ] TJ /R24 8.1899 Tf 181.216 0 Td (2016) Tj -181.216 -10.0098 Td [ (IEEE) -406.004 (Eur) 44.9877 (opean) -405.976 (Symposium) -406 (on) -405.982 (Security) -406.987 (and) -405.979 (Privacy) -406.003 (\050Eu\055) ] TJ T* [ (r) 45.0168 (oS\046P\051) ] TJ /R10 8.1899 Tf 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