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Links and References

This page provides links to project websites, data access portals, and key methodology papers for AMOC observing arrays and related programs, listed approximately from north to south.

Note that more complete information is available at the OceanSITES website (OceanSITES TMA (Time-series Mooring Array) Index), however, this information has become out-of-date. We do not attempt to reproduce that here, but only provide updated links to project websites and data download sites in a user-maintainable format.

🌐 Project Websites and Data Portals

Fram Strait – Arctic Outflow Observatory

Greenland–Scotland Ridge (GSR)

OSNAP – Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program

NOAC – North Atlantic Changes (47°N)

RAPID / MOCHA / WBTS – 26.5°N Atlantic MOC Monitoring

MOVE – Meridional Overturning Variability Experiment (16°N)

TRACOS – Tropical Atlantic Circulation and Overturning at 11°S

SAMBA – SAMoc Basin-wide Array (34.5°S)

📄 Key Methodology Papers

Denmark Strait

  • Jochumsen, K., et al. (2017). Revised transport estimates of the Denmark Strait Overflow. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122, 3434–3450. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012803

OSNAP

  • Fu, Y., Lozier, M.S., Biló, T.C. et al. (2023). Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic. Communications Earth & Environment, 4, 181. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00848-9

NOAC

  • Wett, S., Rhein, M., Kieke, D., Mertens, C., & Moritz, M. (2023). Meridional connectivity of a 25-year observational AMOC record at 47°N. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL103284. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103284

RAPID / MOCHA / WBTS

  • McCarthy, G. D., et al. (2015). Measuring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N. Progress in Oceanography, 130, 91–111. Published / Open Access PDF

MOVE

  • Kanzow, T., Send, U., Zenk, W., Chave, A.D., & Rhein, M. (2006). Monitoring the integrated deep meridional flow in the tropical North Atlantic: Long-term performance of a geostrophic array. Deep Sea Research Part I, 53(3), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.12.007
  • Send, U., Lankhorst, M., & Kanzow, T. (2011). Observation of decadal change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation using 10 years of continuous transport data. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L24606. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049801

TRACOS (11°S)

  • Herrford, J., Brandt, P., Kanzow, T., Hummels, R., Araujo, M., & Durgadoo, J.V. (2021). Seasonal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 11° S inferred from bottom pressure measurements. Ocean Sci., 17, 265–284. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-265-2021

SAMBA (34.5°S)

  • Meinen, C. S., et al. (2018). Meridional overturning circulation transport variability at 34.5°S during 2009–2017: Baroclinic and barotropic flows and the dueling influence of the boundaries. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 4180–4188. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077408 / Open Access PDF
  • Kersalé, M., et al. (2020). Highly variable upper and abyssal overturning cells in the South Atlantic. Science Advances, 6, eaba7573. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7573

More links will be added as the documentation develops.