std::cout << "CppPlot Layout & Subplot Demo\n";

std::cout << "==============================\n\n";

// Example 1: Basic grid layout (2x2)

std::cout << "1. Basic 2x2 grid layout...\n";

{

auto x = linspace(0, 2*M_PI, 100);

figure(800, 600);

// Top-left

subplot(2, 2, 1);

std::vector<double> y1;

for (double xi : x) y1.push_back(std::sin(xi));

plot(x, y1, "b-");

title("sin(x)");

// Top-right

subplot(2, 2, 2);

std::vector<double> y2;

for (double xi : x) y2.push_back(std::cos(xi));

plot(x, y2, "r-");

title("cos(x)");

// Bottom-left

subplot(2, 2, 3);

std::vector<double> y3;

for (double xi : x) y3.push_back(std::tan(xi));

plot(x, y3, "g-");

title("tan(x)");

ylim(-5, 5);

// Bottom-right

subplot(2, 2, 4);

std::vector<double> y4;

for (double xi : x) y4.push_back(std::sin(xi) * std::cos(xi));

plot(x, y4, "m-");

title("sin(x)*cos(x)");

suptitle("Basic 2x2 Grid Layout");

savefig("output/layout_01_basic_2x2.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_01_basic_2x2.svg\n";

}

// Example 2: Subplot spanning multiple cells (Julia-style)

std::cout << "2. Subplot spanning multiple cells...\n";

{

auto x = linspace(0, 10, 100);

figure(900, 600);

// Top row: one large subplot spanning 2 cells

subplot(2, 2, {1, 2}); // Span cells 1 and 2

std::vector<double> y1;

for (double xi : x) y1.push_back(std::sin(xi) + std::sin(2*xi)/2);

plot(x, y1, "b-", opts({{"linewidth", "2"}, {"label", "Combined wave"}}));

title("Wide Plot Spanning 2 Columns", opts({{"fontsize", "14"}}));

legend(true);

grid(true);

// Bottom-left

subplot(2, 2, 3);

std::vector<double> y2;

for (double xi : x) y2.push_back(std::sin(xi));

plot(x, y2, "r-");

title("sin(x)");

// Bottom-right

subplot(2, 2, 4);

std::vector<double> y3;

for (double xi : x) y3.push_back(std::sin(2*xi)/2);

plot(x, y3, "g-");

title("sin(2x)/2");

suptitle("Subplot Spanning Multiple Cells");

savefig("output/layout_02_span_cells.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_02_span_cells.svg\n";

}

// Example 3: Custom column widths (Julia-style)

std::cout << "3. Custom column widths...\n";

{

figure(900, 500);

// Set layout with custom widths: 2 rows, 3 cols with widths 1:2:1

layout(2, 3, {1, 2, 1});

auto x = linspace(0, 5, 50);

// Row 1

subplot(2, 3, 1);

std::vector<double> y1;

for (double xi : x) y1.push_back(xi);

plot(x, y1, "b-");

title("Small");

subplot(2, 3, 2);

std::vector<double> y2;

for (double xi : x) y2.push_back(xi * xi);

plot(x, y2, "r-");

title("Wide (2x)");

subplot(2, 3, 3);

std::vector<double> y3;

for (double xi : x) y3.push_back(std::sqrt(xi));

plot(x, y3, "g-");

title("Small");

// Row 2

subplot(2, 3, 4);

std::vector<double> y4;

for (double xi : x) y4.push_back(std::log(xi + 1));

plot(x, y4, "m-");

title("Small");

subplot(2, 3, 5);

std::vector<double> y5;

for (double xi : x) y5.push_back(std::exp(xi/5));

plot(x, y5, "c-");

title("Wide (2x)");

subplot(2, 3, 6);

std::vector<double> y6;

for (double xi : x) y6.push_back(1.0/(xi + 1));

plot(x, y6, "y-");

title("Small");

suptitle("Custom Column Widths (1:2:1)");

savefig("output/layout_03_custom_widths.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_03_custom_widths.svg\n";

}

// Example 4: Custom row heights and column widths

std::cout << "4. Custom row heights and column widths...\n";

{

figure(800, 700);

// Layout: 2 rows x 2 cols, widths 2:1, heights 1:2

layout(2, 2, {2, 1}, {1, 2});

auto x = linspace(0, 4*M_PI, 200);

subplot(2, 2, 1); // Wide, short (top-left)

std::vector<double> y1;

for (double xi : x) y1.push_back(std::sin(xi));

plot(x, y1, "b-", opts({{"linewidth", "2"}}));

title("Wide, Short");

grid(true);

subplot(2, 2, 2); // Narrow, short (top-right)

auto hist_data = randn(200, 0, 1);

hist(hist_data, 15, opts({{"color", "orange"}}));

title("Narrow, Short");

subplot(2, 2, 3); // Wide, tall (bottom-left)

auto x2 = linspace(0, 10, 100);

std::vector<double> y3, y3b;

for (double xi : x2) {

y3.push_back(xi * xi);

y3b.push_back(xi * xi * 0.8);

}

plot(x2, y3, "r-", opts({{"label", "y = x²"}}));

plot(x2, y3b, "r--", opts({{"label", "y = 0.8x²"}}));

title("Wide, Tall");

legend(true);

grid(true);

subplot(2, 2, 4); // Narrow, tall (bottom-right)

std::vector<double> categories = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

std::vector<double> values = {30, 45, 28, 60, 35};

bar(categories, values, opts({{"color", "steelblue"}}));

title("Narrow, Tall");

suptitle("Custom Widths (2:1) and Heights (1:2)");

savefig("output/layout_04_custom_both.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_04_custom_both.svg\n";

}

// Example 5: Complex layout with spanning

std::cout << "5. Complex layout with spanning...\n";

{

figure(1000, 800);

// Use GridSpec for fine control

GridSpec gs(3, 3);

gs.setWidthRatios({1, 2, 1});

gs.setHeightRatios({1, 1, 1});

gs.setSpacing(0.15, 0.15);

gcf().setLayout(gs);

auto x = linspace(0, 10, 100);

// Top row: one large plot spanning all 3 columns

subplot(3, 3, {1, 2, 3});

std::vector<double> main_y;

for (double xi : x) main_y.push_back(std::sin(xi) * std::exp(-xi/10));

plot(x, main_y, "b-", opts({{"linewidth", "2.5"}, {"label", "Damped sine"}}));

title("Main Plot (spans top row)", opts({{"fontsize", "14"}}));

legend(true);

grid(true);

// Middle row

subplot(3, 3, 4);

std::vector<double> y4;

for (double xi : x) y4.push_back(std::sin(xi));

plot(x, y4, "r-");

title("Detail 1");

subplot(3, 3, 5); // This is the middle (wider)

auto scatter_x = random(30, 0, 10);

auto scatter_y = random(30, 0, 10);

scatter(scatter_x, scatter_y, opts({{"c", "green"}, {"s", "50"}}));

title("Scatter (wider)");

subplot(3, 3, 6);

std::vector<double> y6;

for (double xi : x) y6.push_back(std::cos(xi));

plot(x, y6, "m-");

title("Detail 2");

// Bottom row: left side spans 2 cells, right side is 1 cell

subplot(3, 3, {7, 8}); // Spans bottom-left 2 cells

auto hist_data = randn(500, 0, 1);

hist(hist_data, 30, opts({{"color", "coral"}}));

title("Histogram (spans 2 cells)");

xlabel("Value");

ylabel("Frequency");

subplot(3, 3, 9);

std::vector<double> bar_x = {1, 2, 3};

std::vector<double> bar_h = {40, 65, 50};

bar(bar_x, bar_h, opts({{"color", "teal"}}));

title("Bar Chart");

suptitle("Complex Layout with Spanning");

savefig("output/layout_05_complex.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_05_complex.svg\n";

}

// Example 6: Using subplot_span for precise control

std::cout << "6. Using subplot_span for precise control...\n";

{

figure(900, 700);

// Set up a 3x3 grid

layout(3, 3);

auto x = linspace(0, 2*M_PI, 100);

// Large plot spanning rows 0-1, cols 0-1 (top-left quadrant)

subplot_span(0, 0, 1, 1);

std::vector<double> y1;

for (double xi : x) y1.push_back(std::sin(xi) + std::cos(2*xi));

plot(x, y1, "b-", opts({{"linewidth", "2"}}));

title("Large (2x2)");

grid(true);

// Right column plots

subplot_span(0, 2, 0, 2); // Top-right

auto d1 = randn(100, 0, 1);

hist(d1, 15, opts({{"color", "red"}}));

title("Hist 1");

subplot_span(1, 2, 1, 2); // Middle-right

auto d2 = randn(100, 1, 0.5);

hist(d2, 15, opts({{"color", "green"}}));

title("Hist 2");

// Bottom row

subplot_span(2, 0, 2, 0);

std::vector<double> b1 = {1, 2, 3};

std::vector<double> h1 = {10, 20, 15};

bar(b1, h1, opts({{"color", "orange"}}));

title("Bar 1");

subplot_span(2, 1, 2, 1);

std::vector<double> b2 = {1, 2, 3};

std::vector<double> h2 = {25, 15, 30};

bar(b2, h2, opts({{"color", "purple"}}));

title("Bar 2");

subplot_span(2, 2, 2, 2);

std::vector<double> b3 = {1, 2, 3};

std::vector<double> h3 = {20, 25, 20};

bar(b3, h3, opts({{"color", "cyan"}}));

title("Bar 3");

suptitle("Precise Control with subplot_span()");

savefig("output/layout_06_subplot_span.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_06_subplot_span.svg\n";

}

// Example 7: Dashboard-style layout

std::cout << "7. Dashboard-style layout...\n";

{

figure(1200, 800);

// Dashboard: 3 rows x 4 cols with custom sizes

GridSpec gs(3, 4);

gs.setWidthRatios({1, 1, 1, 1});

gs.setHeightRatios({1, 2, 1});

gs.setMargins(0.08, 0.95, 0.08, 0.92);

gcf().setLayout(gs);

// Top row: 4 small KPI-style plots

auto kpi_x = linspace(0, 10, 20);

std::vector<std::string> colors = {"steelblue", "coral", "seagreen", "mediumpurple"};

for (int i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) {

subplot(3, 4, i);

std::vector<double> kpi_y;

for (double xi : kpi_x) kpi_y.push_back(10 + std::sin(xi + i) * 5 + xi * 0.5);

plot(kpi_x, kpi_y, "-", opts({{"color", colors[i-1]}, {"linewidth", "2"}}));

title("KPI " + std::to_string(i), opts({{"fontsize", "11"}}));

grid(true);

}

// Middle row: main chart spanning all 4 columns

subplot(3, 4, {5, 6, 7, 8});

auto main_x = linspace(0, 100, 200);

std::vector<double> main_y, trend;

for (double xi : main_x) {

main_y.push_back(50 + 30*std::sin(xi/10) + 10*std::sin(xi/3));

trend.push_back(50 + xi * 0.2);

}

plot(main_x, main_y, "-", opts({{"color", "royalblue"}, {"linewidth", "1.5"}, {"label", "Data"}}));

plot(main_x, trend, "--", opts({{"color", "red"}, {"linewidth", "2"}, {"label", "Trend"}}));

title("Main Chart - Time Series Analysis", opts({{"fontsize", "14"}}));

xlabel("Time");

ylabel("Value");

legend(true);

grid(true);

// Bottom row: 4 detail charts

subplot(3, 4, 9);

auto pie_vals = std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3, 4};

bar(pie_vals, std::vector<double>{25, 30, 20, 25}, opts({{"color", "gold"}}));

title("Category A");

subplot(3, 4, 10);

bar(pie_vals, std::vector<double>{35, 20, 25, 20}, opts({{"color", "lightcoral"}}));

title("Category B");

subplot(3, 4, 11);

bar(pie_vals, std::vector<double>{20, 35, 30, 15}, opts({{"color", "lightgreen"}}));

title("Category C");

subplot(3, 4, 12);

bar(pie_vals, std::vector<double>{30, 25, 20, 25}, opts({{"color", "lightskyblue"}}));

title("Category D");

suptitle("Dashboard Layout");

savefig("output/layout_07_dashboard.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_07_dashboard.svg\n";

}

// Example 8: Inset axes

std::cout << "8. Inset axes (plot within plot)...\n";

{

figure(800, 600);

auto x = linspace(0, 10, 200);

std::vector<double> y, y_detail;

for (double xi : x) {

y.push_back(std::sin(xi) * std::exp(-xi/5));

}

// Main plot

subplot(1, 1, 1);

plot(x, y, "b-", opts({{"linewidth", "2"}, {"label", "Damped oscillation"}}));

title("Main Plot with Inset");

xlabel("Time");

ylabel("Amplitude");

legend(true);

grid(true);

// Add inset axes (zoomed view)

inset_axes(0.55, 0.55, 0.4, 0.35);

auto x_zoom = linspace(0, 2, 50);

std::vector<double> y_zoom;

for (double xi : x_zoom) y_zoom.push_back(std::sin(xi) * std::exp(-xi/5));

plot(x_zoom, y_zoom, "r-", opts({{"linewidth", "2"}}));

title("Zoomed: t=0-2", opts({{"fontsize", "10"}}));

grid(true);

savefig("output/layout_08_inset.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_08_inset.svg\n";

}

// Example 9: Irregular grid (L-shaped layout)

std::cout << "9. Irregular grid (L-shaped layout)...\n";

{

figure(900, 700);

layout(2, 2);

auto x = linspace(0, 5, 100);

// Large L-shape: top-left spanning down

subplot(2, 2, {1, 3}); // Vertical span

std::vector<double> y1;

for (double xi : x) y1.push_back(xi * xi * xi);

plot(x, y1, "b-", opts({{"linewidth", "2.5"}}));

title("Tall Left Plot", opts({{"fontsize", "12"}}));

xlabel("x");

ylabel("y = x³");

grid(true);

// Top-right

subplot(2, 2, 2);

std::vector<double> y2;

for (double xi : x) y2.push_back(std::sin(xi * 2));

plot(x, y2, "r-", opts({{"linewidth", "2"}}));

title("Top Right");

// Bottom-right

subplot(2, 2, 4);

std::vector<double> y3;

for (double xi : x) y3.push_back(std::cos(xi * 2));

plot(x, y3, "g-", opts({{"linewidth", "2"}}));

title("Bottom Right");

suptitle("L-shaped Layout (Vertical Span)");

savefig("output/layout_09_irregular.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_09_irregular.svg\n";

}

// Example 10: Mixed figure with add_axes

std::cout << "10. Free-form layout with add_axes()...\n";

{

figure(1000, 700);

auto x = linspace(0, 2*M_PI, 100);

// Main large plot

add_axes(0.1, 0.3, 0.55, 0.6);

std::vector<double> y1;

for (double xi : x) y1.push_back(std::sin(xi));

plot(x, y1, "b-", opts({{"linewidth", "2.5"}, {"label", "sin(x)"}}));

title("Main Plot");

xlabel("x");

ylabel("y");

legend(true);

grid(true);

// Side panel plot

add_axes(0.7, 0.3, 0.25, 0.6);

auto data = randn(200, 0, 1);

hist(data, 20, opts({{"color", "coral"}}));

title("Side Panel");

// Bottom strip

add_axes(0.1, 0.08, 0.85, 0.15);

auto x2 = linspace(0, 50, 200);

std::vector<double> y2;

for (double xi : x2) y2.push_back(std::sin(xi) + 0.5 * std::sin(3*xi));

plot(x2, y2, "g-", opts({{"linewidth", "1"}}));

title("Bottom Strip");

suptitle("Free-form Layout with add_axes()");

savefig("output/layout_10_freeform.svg");

clf();

std::cout << " Saved: output/layout_10_freeform.svg\n";

}

std::cout << "\n==============================\n";

std::cout << "All layout demos completed!\n";

std::cout << "Check 'output' folder for SVG files.\n";

std::cout << "\nLayout functions available:\n";

std::cout << "\n Basic subplot:\n";

std::cout << " subplot(rows, cols, index) - Standard subplot\n";

std::cout << " subplot(rows, cols, {indices}) - Span multiple cells (Julia-style)\n";

std::cout << " subplot_at(row, col) - Position by row/col (0-based)\n";

std::cout << " subplot_span(r1,c1, r2,c2) - Span from (r1,c1) to (r2,c2)\n";

std::cout << "\n Layout configuration:\n";

std::cout << " layout(rows, cols) - Simple grid\n";

std::cout << " layout(rows, cols, widths) - Custom column widths\n";

std::cout << " layout(rows, cols, widths, heights) - Custom both\n";

std::cout << " gcf().setLayout(GridSpec(...)) - Full GridSpec control\n";

std::cout << "\n Free positioning:\n";

std::cout << " add_axes(x, y, w, h) - Position anywhere (0-1)\n";

std::cout << " inset_axes(x, y, w, h) - Inset within current axes\n";

std::cout << "\n GridSpec class:\n";

std::cout << " GridSpec(rows, cols)\n";

std::cout << " .setWidthRatios({...})\n";

std::cout << " .setHeightRatios({...})\n";

std::cout << " .setSpacing(wspace, hspace)\n";

std::cout << " .setMargins(left, right, bottom, top)\n";

return 0;