Github-Pull: bitcoin#29606
Rebased-From: 6f2f4a4

…versions

6f2f4a4 Reserve memory for ToLower/ToUpper conversions (Lőrinc)

Pull request description:

  Similarly to bitcoin#29458, we're preallocating the result string based on the input string's length.
  The methods were already [covered by tests](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/test/util_tests.cpp#L1250-L1276).

ACKs for top commit:
  tdb3:
    ACK for 6f2f4a4
  maflcko:
    lgtm ACK 6f2f4a4
  achow101:
    ACK 6f2f4a4
  Empact:
    Code Review ACK bitcoin@6f2f4a4
  stickies-v:
    ACK 6f2f4a4

Tree-SHA512: e3ba7af77decdc73272d804c94fef0b11028a85f3c0ea1ed6386672611b1c35fce151f02e64f5bb5acb5ba506aaa54577719b07925b9cc745143cf5c7e5eb262

b70e091 Merge bitcoin#29667: fuzz: actually test garbage >64b in p2p transport test (fanquake)
6d7aa3d Merge bitcoin#29497: test: simplify test_runner.py (fanquake)
d0e15d5 Merge bitcoin#29606: refactor: Reserve memory for ToLower/ToUpper conversions (Ava Chow)
045fa5f Merge bitcoin#29514: tests: Provide more helpful assert_equal errors (Ava Chow)
bd607f0 Merge bitcoin#29393: i2p: log connection was refused due to arbitrary port (Ava Chow)
c961755 Merge bitcoin#29595: doc: Wrap flags with code in developer-notes.md (fanquake)
8d6e5e7 Merge bitcoin#29583: fuzz: Apply fuzz env (suppressions, etc.) when fetching harness list (fanquake)
4dce690 Merge bitcoin#29576: Update functional test runner to return error code when no tests are found to run (fanquake)
910a7d6 Merge bitcoin#29529: fuzz: restrict fopencookie usage to Linux & FreeBSD (fanquake)
fdac2b3 Merge bitcoin#29493: subtree: update crc32c subtree (fanquake)
a23b342 Merge bitcoin#29475: doc: Fix Broken Links (fanquake)
92bad90 Merge bitcoin#28178: fuzz: Generate with random libFuzzer settings (fanquake)
9b6a05d Merge bitcoin#29443: depends: fix BDB compilation on OpenBSD (fanquake)
9963e6b Merge bitcoin#29413: fuzz: increase length of string used for `NetWhitelist{bind}Permissions::TryParse` (fanquake)
3914745 Merge bitcoin#29425: test: fix intermittent failure in wallet_reorgrestore.py (fanquake)
b719883 Merge bitcoin#29399: test: Fix utxo set hash serialisation signedness (fanquake)
f096880 Merge bitcoin#29377: test: Add makefile target for running unit tests (Ava Chow)
03e0bd3 Merge bitcoin#27319: addrman, refactor: improve stochastic test in `AddSingle` (Ava Chow)

Pull request description:

  ## Issue being fixed or feature implemented
  Batch of trivial backports

  ## What was done?
  See commits

  ## How Has This Been Tested?
  built locally; large combined merge passed tests locally

  ## Breaking Changes
  Should be none

  ## Checklist:
    _Go over all the following points, and put an `x` in all the boxes that apply._
  - [ ] I have performed a self-review of my own code
  - [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
  - [ ] I have added or updated relevant unit/integration/functional/e2e tests
  - [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
  - [x] I have assigned this pull request to a milestone _(for repository code-owners and collaborators only)_

ACKs for top commit:
  UdjinM6:
    utACK b70e091
  knst:
    utACK b70e091

Tree-SHA512: 659a931f812c8a92cf3854abb873d92885219a392d6aa8e49ac4b27fe41e8e163ef9a135050e7c2e1bd33cecd2f7dae215e05a9c29f62e837e0057d3c16746d6

…ent-vector errors

11f3bc2 refactor: Reserve vectors in fuzz tests (Lőrinc)
152fefe refactor: Preallocate PrevectorFillVector(In)Direct without vector resize (Lőrinc)
a774c7a refactor: Fix remaining clang-tidy performance-inefficient-vector errors (Lőrinc)

Pull request description:

  PR inspired by #29608 (comment) (and #29458, #29606, #29607, #30093).

  The `clang-tidy` check can be run via:
  ```bash
  cmake -B build -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON -DBUILD_BENCH=ON -DBUILD_FUZZ_BINARY=ON -DBUILD_FOR_FUZZING=ON && cmake --build build -j$(nproc)

  run-clang-tidy -quiet -p build -j $(nproc) -checks='-*,performance-inefficient-vector-operation' | grep -v 'clang-tidy'
  ```
  which revealed 3 tests and 1 prod warning (+ fuzz and benching, found by hebasto).
  Even though the tests aren't performance critical, getting rid of these warnings (for which the checks were already enabled via https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/.clang-tidy#L18, see below), the fix was quite simple.

  <details>
  <summary>clang-tidy -list-checks</summary>

  ```bash
  cd src && clang-tidy -list-checks | grep 'vector'
      performance-inefficient-vector-operation
  ```

  </details>

  <details>
  <summary>Output before the change</summary>

  ```
  src/test/rpc_tests.cpp:434:9: error: 'emplace_back' is called inside a loop; consider pre-allocating the container capacity before the loop [performance-inefficient-vector-operation,-warnings-as-errors]
    433 |     for (int64_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
    434 |         feerates.emplace_back(1 ,1);
        |         ^

  src/test/checkqueue_tests.cpp:366:13: error: 'emplace_back' is called inside a loop; consider pre-allocating the container capacity before the loop [performance-inefficient-vector-operation,-warnings-as-errors]
    365 |         for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
    366 |             tg.emplace_back(
        |             ^

  src/test/cuckoocache_tests.cpp:231:9: error: 'emplace_back' is called inside a loop; consider pre-allocating the container capacity before the loop [performance-inefficient-vector-operation,-warnings-as-errors]
    228 |     for (uint32_t x = 0; x < 3; ++x)
    229 |         /** Each thread is emplaced with x copy-by-value
    230 |         */
    231 |         threads.emplace_back([&, x] {
        |         ^

  src/rpc/output_script.cpp:127:17: error: 'push_back' is called inside a loop; consider pre-allocating the container capacity before the loop [performance-inefficient-vector-operation,-warnings-as-errors]
    126 |             for (unsigned int i = 0; i < keys.size(); ++i) {
    127 |                 pubkeys.push_back(HexToPubKey(keys[i].get_str()));
        |                 ^
  ```

  And the fuzz and benchmarks, noticed by hebasto: #31305 (comment)

  </details>

ACKs for top commit:
  maflcko:
    review ACK 11f3bc2 🎦
  achow101:
    ACK 11f3bc2
  theuni:
    ACK 11f3bc2
  hebasto:
    ACK 11f3bc2, tested with clang 19.1.5 + clang-tidy.

Tree-SHA512: 41691c19f35c63b922a95407617a54f9bff1af3f95f99d15642064f321df038aeb1ae5f061f854ed913f69036807cc28fa6222b2ff4c24ef43b909027fa0f9b3