Code style

SimpleAggregateFunction do not pass arena to the
add_function -> getAddressOfAddFunction(), hence next crash happens:
  (gdb) bt
  #0  DB::Arena::alloc (size=64, this=0x0) at ../dbms/src/Common/Arena.h:124
  #1  DB::SingleValueDataString::changeImpl (this=0x7f97424a27d8, value=..., arena=0x0) at ../dbms/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionMinMaxAny.h:274
  #2  0x0000000005ea5319 in DB::AggregateFunctionNullUnary<true>::add (arena=<optimized out>, row_num=<optimized out>, columns=<optimized out>, place=<optimized out>, this=<optimized out>) at ../dbms/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionNull.h:43
  #3  DB::IAggregateFunctionHelper<DB::AggregateFunctionNullUnary<true> >::addFree (that=<optimized out>, place=<optimized out>, columns=<optimized out>, row_num=<optimized out>, arena=<optimized out>) at ../dbms/src/AggregateFunctions/IAggregateFunction.h:131
  #4  0x000000000679772f in DB::AggregatingSortedBlockInputStream::addRow (this=this@entry=0x7f982de19c00, cursor=...) at ../dbms/src/Common/AlignedBuffer.h:31
  ClickHouse#5  0x0000000006797faa in DB::AggregatingSortedBlockInputStream::merge (this=this@entry=0x7f982de19c00, merged_columns=..., queue=...) at ../dbms/src/DataStreams/AggregatingSortedBlockInputStream.cpp:140
  ClickHouse#6  0x0000000006798979 in DB::AggregatingSortedBlockInputStream::readImpl (this=0x7f982de19c00) at ../dbms/src/DataStreams/AggregatingSortedBlockInputStream.cpp:78
  ClickHouse#7  0x000000000622db55 in DB::IBlockInputStream::read (this=0x7f982de19c00) at ../dbms/src/DataStreams/IBlockInputStream.cpp:56
  ClickHouse#8  0x0000000006613bee in DB::MergeTreeDataMergerMutator::mergePartsToTemporaryPart (this=this@entry=0x7f97ec65e1a0, future_part=..., merge_entry=..., time_of_merge=<optimized out>, disk_reservation=<optimized out>, deduplicate=<optimized out>) at /usr/include/c++/8/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:1018
  ClickHouse#9  0x000000000658f7a4 in DB::StorageReplicatedMergeTree::tryExecuteMerge (this=0x7f97ec65b810, entry=...) at /usr/include/c++/8/bits/unique_ptr.h:342
  ClickHouse#10 0x00000000065940ab in DB::StorageReplicatedMergeTree::executeLogEntry (this=0x7f97ec65b810, entry=...) at ../dbms/src/Storages/StorageReplicatedMergeTree.cpp:910
  <snip>

  (gdb) f 1
  (gdb) p MAX_SMALL_STRING_SIZE
  $1 = 48
  (gdb) p capacity
  $2 = 64
  (gdb) p value
  $3 = {data = 0x7f97242fcbd0 "HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH", size = 61}

v2: avoid leaking of allocated by Arena memory on the intermediate step

Fixes: 8f8d2c0 ("Merge pull request ClickHouse#4629 from bgranvea/simple_aggregate_function")

refresh

unexpected behaviour for avg over empty decimal column without group by

Previous patch e527def ("Fix INSERT
into Distributed() table with MATERIALIZED column") fixes it only for
cases when the node is local, i.e. direct insert.

This patch address the problem when the node is not local
(`is_local == false`), by erasing materialized columns on INSERT into
Distributed.

And this patch fixes two cases, depends on `insert_distributed_sync`
setting:

- `insert_distributed_sync=0`

    ```
    Not found column value in block. There are only columns: date. Stack trace:

    2. 0x7ffff7be92e0 DB::Exception::Exception() dbms/src/Common/Exception.h:27
    3. 0x7fffec5d6cf6 DB::Block::getByName(...) dbms/src/Core/Block.cpp:187
    4. 0x7fffec2fe067 DB::NativeBlockInputStream::readImpl() dbms/src/DataStreams/NativeBlockInputStream.cpp:159
    5. 0x7fffec2d223f DB::IBlockInputStream::read() dbms/src/DataStreams/IBlockInputStream.cpp:61
    6. 0x7ffff7c6d40d DB::TCPHandler::receiveData() dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:971
    7. 0x7ffff7c6cc1d DB::TCPHandler::receivePacket() dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:855
    8. 0x7ffff7c6a1ef DB::TCPHandler::readDataNext(unsigned long const&, int const&) dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:406
    9. 0x7ffff7c6a41b DB::TCPHandler::readData(DB::Settings const&) dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:437
    10. 0x7ffff7c6a5d9 DB::TCPHandler::processInsertQuery(DB::Settings const&) dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:464
    11. 0x7ffff7c687b5 DB::TCPHandler::runImpl() dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:257
    ```

- `insert_distributed_sync=1`

    ```
    2019.10.18 13:23:22.114578 [ 44 ] {a78f669f-0b08-4337-abf8-d31e958f6d12} <Error> executeQuery: Code: 171, e.displayText() = DB::Exception: Block structure mismatch in RemoteBlockOutputStream stream: different number of columns:
    date Date UInt16(size = 1), value Date UInt16(size = 1)
    date Date UInt16(size = 0): Insertion status:
    Wrote 1 blocks and 0 rows on shard 0 replica 0, 127.0.0.1:59000 (average 0 ms per block)
    Wrote 0 blocks and 0 rows on shard 1 replica 0, 127.0.0.2:59000 (average 2 ms per block)
     (version 19.16.1.1) (from [::1]:3624) (in query: INSERT INTO distributed_00952 VALUES ), Stack trace:

    2. 0x7ffff7be92e0 DB::Exception::Exception() dbms/src/Common/Exception.h:27
    3. 0x7fffec5da4e9 DB::checkBlockStructure<void>(...)::{...}::operator()(...) const dbms/src/Core/Block.cpp:460
    4. 0x7fffec5da671 void DB::checkBlockStructure<void>(...) dbms/src/Core/Block.cpp:467
    5. 0x7fffec5d8d58 DB::assertBlocksHaveEqualStructure(...) dbms/src/Core/Block.cpp:515
    6. 0x7fffec326630 DB::RemoteBlockOutputStream::write(DB::Block const&) dbms/src/DataStreams/RemoteBlockOutputStream.cpp:68
    7. 0x7fffe98bd154 DB::DistributedBlockOutputStream::runWritingJob(DB::DistributedBlockOutputStream::JobReplica&, DB::Block const&)::{lambda()#1}::operator()() const dbms/src/Storages/Distributed/DistributedBlockOutputStream.cpp:280
    <snip>
    ````

Fixes: ClickHouse#7365
Fixes: ClickHouse#5429
Refs: ClickHouse#6891

…IALIZED-cols


* Fix INSERT into Distributed non local node with MATERIALIZED columns

Previous patch e527def ("Fix INSERT
into Distributed() table with MATERIALIZED column") fixes it only for
cases when the node is local, i.e. direct insert.

This patch address the problem when the node is not local
(`is_local == false`), by erasing materialized columns on INSERT into
Distributed.

And this patch fixes two cases, depends on `insert_distributed_sync`
setting:

- `insert_distributed_sync=0`

    ```
    Not found column value in block. There are only columns: date. Stack trace:

    2. 0x7ffff7be92e0 DB::Exception::Exception() dbms/src/Common/Exception.h:27
    3. 0x7fffec5d6cf6 DB::Block::getByName(...) dbms/src/Core/Block.cpp:187
    4. 0x7fffec2fe067 DB::NativeBlockInputStream::readImpl() dbms/src/DataStreams/NativeBlockInputStream.cpp:159
    5. 0x7fffec2d223f DB::IBlockInputStream::read() dbms/src/DataStreams/IBlockInputStream.cpp:61
    6. 0x7ffff7c6d40d DB::TCPHandler::receiveData() dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:971
    7. 0x7ffff7c6cc1d DB::TCPHandler::receivePacket() dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:855
    8. 0x7ffff7c6a1ef DB::TCPHandler::readDataNext(unsigned long const&, int const&) dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:406
    9. 0x7ffff7c6a41b DB::TCPHandler::readData(DB::Settings const&) dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:437
    10. 0x7ffff7c6a5d9 DB::TCPHandler::processInsertQuery(DB::Settings const&) dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:464
    11. 0x7ffff7c687b5 DB::TCPHandler::runImpl() dbms/programs/server/TCPHandler.cpp:257
    ```

- `insert_distributed_sync=1`

    ```
    2019.10.18 13:23:22.114578 [ 44 ] {a78f669f-0b08-4337-abf8-d31e958f6d12} <Error> executeQuery: Code: 171, e.displayText() = DB::Exception: Block structure mismatch in RemoteBlockOutputStream stream: different number of columns:
    date Date UInt16(size = 1), value Date UInt16(size = 1)
    date Date UInt16(size = 0): Insertion status:
    Wrote 1 blocks and 0 rows on shard 0 replica 0, 127.0.0.1:59000 (average 0 ms per block)
    Wrote 0 blocks and 0 rows on shard 1 replica 0, 127.0.0.2:59000 (average 2 ms per block)
     (version 19.16.1.1) (from [::1]:3624) (in query: INSERT INTO distributed_00952 VALUES ), Stack trace:

    2. 0x7ffff7be92e0 DB::Exception::Exception() dbms/src/Common/Exception.h:27
    3. 0x7fffec5da4e9 DB::checkBlockStructure<void>(...)::{...}::operator()(...) const dbms/src/Core/Block.cpp:460
    4. 0x7fffec5da671 void DB::checkBlockStructure<void>(...) dbms/src/Core/Block.cpp:467
    5. 0x7fffec5d8d58 DB::assertBlocksHaveEqualStructure(...) dbms/src/Core/Block.cpp:515
    6. 0x7fffec326630 DB::RemoteBlockOutputStream::write(DB::Block const&) dbms/src/DataStreams/RemoteBlockOutputStream.cpp:68
    7. 0x7fffe98bd154 DB::DistributedBlockOutputStream::runWritingJob(DB::DistributedBlockOutputStream::JobReplica&, DB::Block const&)::{lambda()#1}::operator()() const dbms/src/Storages/Distributed/DistributedBlockOutputStream.cpp:280
    <snip>
    ````

Fixes: ClickHouse#7365
Fixes: ClickHouse#5429
Refs: ClickHouse#6891

* Cover INSERT into Distributed with MATERIALIZED columns and !is_local node

I guess that adding new cluster into server-test.xml is not required,
but it won't harm.

* Update DistributedBlockOutputStream.cpp