Release notes from rails

8.1.2

2026-01-08T20:17:17Z

Active Support

Make delegate and delegate_missing_to work in BasicObject subclasses.

Rafael Mendonça França
Fix Inflectors when using a locale that fallbacks to :en.

Said Kaldybaev
Fix ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone#as_json to consistently return UTF-8 strings.

Previously the returned string would sometime be encoded in US-ASCII, which in
some cases may be problematic.

Now the method consistently always return UTF-8 strings.

Jean Boussier
Fix TimeWithZone#xmlschema when wrapping a DateTime instance in local time.

Previously it would return an invalid time.

Dmytro Rymar
Implement LocalCache strategy on ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore. The memory store
needs to respond to the same interface as other cache stores (e.g. ActiveSupport::NullStore).

Mikey Gough

Fix ActiveSupport::Inflector.humanize with international characters.

ActiveSupport::Inflector.humanize("áÉÍÓÚ")  # => "Áéíóú"
ActiveSupport::Inflector.humanize("аБВГДЕ") # => "Абвгде"

Jose Luis Duran

Active Model

No changes.

Active Record

Fix counting cached queries in ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.

fatkodima
Fix merging relations with arel equality predicates with null relations.

fatkodima
Fix SQLite3 schema dump for non-autoincrement integer primary keys.

Previously, schema.rb should incorrectly restore that table with an auto incrementing
primary key.

Chris Hasiński
Fix PostgreSQL schema_search_path not being reapplied after reset! or reconnect!.

The schema_search_path configured in database.yml is now correctly
reapplied instead of falling back to PostgreSQL defaults.

Tobias Egli
Restore the ability of enum to be foats.
```
enum :rating, { low: 0.0, medium: 0.5, high: 1.0 },
```
In Rails 8.1.0, enum values are eagerly validated, and floats weren't expected.

Said Kaldybaev
Ensure batched preloaded associations accounts for klass when grouping to avoid issues with STI.

zzak, Stjepan Hadjic
Fix ActiveRecord::SoleRecordExceeded#record to return the relation.

This was the case until Rails 7.2, but starting from 8.0 it
started mistakenly returning the model class.

Jean Boussier
Improve PostgreSQLAdapter resilience to Timeout.timeout.

Better handle asynchronous exceptions being thrown inside
the reconnect! method.

This may fixes some deep errors such as:
```
undefined method `key?' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)
          if !type_map.key?(oid)
```
Jean Boussier
Fix structured events for Active Record was not being emitted.

Yuji Yaginuma
Fix eager_load when loading has_many assocations with composite primary keys.

This would result in some records being loaded multiple times.

Martin-Alexander

Action View

Fix file_field to join mime types with a comma when provided as Array

file_field(:article, :image, accept: ['image/png', 'image/gif', 'image/jpeg'])

Now behaves likes:

file_field(:article, :image, accept: 'image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg')

Bogdan Gusiev

Fix strict locals parsing to handle multiline definitions.

Said Kaldybaev
Fix content_security_policy_nonce error in mailers when using content_security_policy_nonce_auto setting.

The content_security_policy_nonce helper is provided by ActionController::ContentSecurityPolicy, and it relies on request.content_security_policy_nonce. Mailers lack both the module and the request object.

Jarrett Lusso

Action Pack

Add config.action_controller.live_streaming_excluded_keys to control execution state sharing in ActionController::Live.

When using ActionController::Live, actions are executed in a separate thread that shares
state from the parent thread. This new configuration allows applications to opt-out specific
state keys that should not be shared.

This is useful when streaming inside a connected_to block, where you may want
the streaming thread to use its own database connection context.
```
# config/application.rb
config.action_controller.live_streaming_excluded_keys = [:active_record_connected_to_stack]
```
By default, all keys are shared.

Eileen M. Uchitelle
Fix IpSpoofAttackError message to include Forwarded header content.

Without it, the error message may be misleading.

zzak

Active Job

Fix ActiveJob.perform_all_later to respect job_class.enqueue_after_transaction_commit.

Previously, perform_all_later would enqueue all jobs immediately, even if
they had enqueue_after_transaction_commit = true. Now it correctly defers
jobs with this setting until after transaction commits, matching the behavior
of perform_later.

OuYangJinTing
Fix using custom serializers with ActiveJob::Arguments.serialize when
ActiveJob::Base hasn't been loaded.

Hartley McGuire

Action Mailer

No changes.

Action Cable

No changes.

Active Storage

Restore ADC when signing URLs with IAM for GCS

ADC was previously used for automatic authorization when signing URLs with IAM.
Now it is again, but the auth client is memoized so that new credentials are only
requested when the current ones expire. Other auth methods can now be used
instead by setting the authorization on ActiveStorage::Service::GCSService#iam_client.
```
ActiveStorage::Blob.service.iam_client.authorization = Google::Auth::ImpersonatedServiceAccountCredentials.new(options)
```
This is safer than setting Google::Apis::RequestOptions.default.authorization
because it only applies to Active Storage and does not affect other Google API
clients.

Justin Malčić

Action Mailbox

No changes.

Action Text

No changes.

Railties

Skip all system test files on app generation.

Eileen M. Uchitelle
Fix db:system:change to correctly update Dockerfile base packages.

Josiah Smith
Fix devcontainer volume mount when app name differs from folder name.

Rafael Mendonça França
Fixed the rails notes command to properly extract notes in CSS files.

David White
Fixed the default Dockerfile to properly include the vendor/ directory during bundle install.

Zhong Sheng

Guides

No changes.

8.1.1

2025-10-28T23:46:29Z

Active Support

No changes.

Active Model

No changes.

Active Record

No changes.

Action View

Respect remove_hidden_field_autocomplete config in form builder hidden_field.

Rafael Mendonça França

Action Pack

Allow methods starting with underscore to be action methods.

Disallowing methods starting with an underscore from being action methods
was an unintended side effect of the performance optimization in
207a254.

Fixes #55985.

Rafael Mendonça França

Active Job

Only index new serializers.

Jesse Sharps

Action Mailer

No changes.

Action Cable

No changes.

Active Storage

No changes.

Action Mailbox

No changes.

Action Text

No changes.

Railties

Do not assume and force SSL in production by default when using Kamal, to allow for out of the box Kamal deployments.

It is still recommended to assume and force SSL in production as soon as you can.

Jerome Dalbert

Guides

No changes.

8.0.4

2025-10-28T23:43:23Z

Active Support

Fix Enumerable#sole to return the full tuple instead of just the first element of the tuple.

Olivier Bellone
Fix parallel tests hanging when worker processes die abruptly.

Previously, if a worker process was killed (e.g., OOM killed, kill -9) during parallel
test execution, the test suite would hang forever waiting for the dead worker.

Joshua Young
Fix NameError when class_attribute is defined on instance singleton classes.

Previously, calling class_attribute on an instance's singleton class would raise
a NameError when accessing the attribute through the instance.
```
object = MyClass.new
object.singleton_class.class_attribute :foo, default: "bar"
object.foo # previously raised NameError, now returns "bar"
```
Joshua Young

Active Model

No changes.

Active Record

Fix SQLite3 data loss during table alterations with CASCADE foreign keys.

When altering a table in SQLite3 that is referenced by child tables with
ON DELETE CASCADE foreign keys, ActiveRecord would silently delete all
data from the child tables. This occurred because SQLite requires table
recreation for schema changes, and during this process the original table
is temporarily dropped, triggering CASCADE deletes on child tables.

The root cause was incorrect ordering of operations. The original code
wrapped disable_referential_integrity inside a transaction, but
PRAGMA foreign_keys cannot be modified inside a transaction in SQLite -
attempting to do so simply has no effect. This meant foreign keys remained
enabled during table recreation, causing CASCADE deletes to fire.

The fix reverses the order to follow the official SQLite 12-step ALTER TABLE
procedure: disable_referential_integrity now wraps the transaction instead
of being wrapped by it. This ensures foreign keys are properly disabled
before the transaction starts and re-enabled after it commits, preventing
CASCADE deletes while maintaining data integrity through atomic transactions.

Ruy Rocha
Add support for bound SQL literals in CTEs.

Nicolas Bachschmidt
Fix belongs_to associations not to clear the entire composite primary key.

When clearing a belongs_to association that references a model with composite primary key,
only the optional part of the key should be cleared.

zzak
Fix invalid records being autosaved when distantly associated records are marked for deletion.

Ian Terrell, axlekb AB

Action View

Restore add_default_name_and_id method.

Hartley McGuire

Action Pack

Submit test requests using as: :html with Content-Type: x-www-form-urlencoded

Sean Doyle

Active Job

No changes.

Action Mailer

No changes.

Action Cable

No changes.

Active Storage

No changes.

Action Mailbox

No changes.

Action Text

No changes.

Railties

No changes.

Guides

No changes.

7.2.3

2025-10-28T23:24:18Z

Active Support

Fix Enumerable#sole to return the full tuple instead of just the first element of the tuple.

Olivier Bellone
Fix parallel tests hanging when worker processes die abruptly.

Previously, if a worker process was killed (e.g., OOM killed, kill -9) during parallel
test execution, the test suite would hang forever waiting for the dead worker.

Joshua Young
ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker does not depend on Time.now to prevent unnecessary reloads with time travel test helpers

Jan Grodowski
Fix ActiveSupport::BroadcastLogger from executing a block argument for each logger (tagged, info, etc.).

Jared Armstrong
Fix ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess#transform_keys! removing defaults.

Hartley McGuire
Fix ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess#tranform_keys! to handle collisions.

If the transformation would result in a key equal to another not yet transformed one,
it would result in keys being lost.

Before:
```
>> {a: 1, b: 2}.with_indifferent_access.transform_keys!(&:succ)
=> {"c" => 1}
```
After:
```
>> {a: 1, b: 2}.with_indifferent_access.transform_keys!(&:succ)
=> {"c" => 1, "d" => 2}
```
Jason T Johnson, Jean Boussier
Fix ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore#read_multi to handle network errors.

This method specifically wasn't handling network errors like other codepaths.

Alessandro Dal Grande
Fix Active Support Cache fetch_multi when local store is active.

fetch_multi now properly yield to the provided block for missing entries
that have been recorded as such in the local store.

Jean Boussier
Fix execution wrapping to report all exceptions, including Exception.

If a more serious error like SystemStackError or NoMemoryError happens,
the error reporter should be able to report these kinds of exceptions.

Gannon McGibbon
Fix RedisCacheStore and MemCacheStore to also handle connection pool related errors.

These errors are rescued and reported to Rails.error.

Jean Boussier
Fix ActiveSupport::Cache#read_multi to respect version expiry when using local cache.

zzak
Fix ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier and ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor configuration of on_rotation callback.
```
verifier.rotate(old_secret).on_rotation { ... }
```
Now both work as documented.

Jean Boussier
Fix ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier to always be able to verify both URL-safe and URL-unsafe payloads.

This is to allow transitioning seemlessly from either configuration without immediately invalidating
all previously generated signed messages.

Jean Boussier, Florent Beaurain, Ali Sepehri
Fix cache.fetch to honor the provided expiry when :race_condition_ttl is used.
```
cache.fetch("key", expires_in: 1.hour, race_condition_ttl: 5.second) do
  "something"
end
```
In the above example, the final cache entry would have a 10 seconds TTL instead
of the requested 1 hour.

Dhia
Better handle procs with splat arguments in set_callback.

Radamés Roriz
Fix String#mb_chars to not mutate the receiver.

Previously it would call force_encoding on the receiver,
now it dups the receiver first.

Jean Boussier
Improve ErrorSubscriber to also mark error causes as reported.

This avoid some cases of errors being reported twice, notably in views because of how
errors are wrapped in ActionView::Template::Error.

Jean Boussier
Fix Module#module_parent_name to return the correct name after the module has been named.

When called on an anonymous module, the return value wouldn't change after the module was given a name
later by being assigned to a constant.
```
mod = Module.new
mod.module_parent_name # => "Object"
MyModule::Something = mod
mod.module_parent_name # => "MyModule"
```
Jean Boussier
Fix a bug in ERB::Util.tokenize that causes incorrect tokenization when ERB tags are preceeded by multibyte characters.

Martin Emde

Active Model

Fix has_secure_password to perform confirmation validation of the password even when blank.

The validation was incorrectly skipped when the password only contained whitespace characters.

Fabio Sangiovanni
Handle missing attributes for ActiveModel::Translation#human_attribute_name.

zzak
Fix ActiveModel::AttributeAssignment#assign_attributes to accept objects without each.

Kouhei Yanagita

Active Record

Fix SQLite3 data loss during table alterations with CASCADE foreign keys.

When altering a table in SQLite3 that is referenced by child tables with
ON DELETE CASCADE foreign keys, ActiveRecord would silently delete all
data from the child tables. This occurred because SQLite requires table
recreation for schema changes, and during this process the original table
is temporarily dropped, triggering CASCADE deletes on child tables.

The root cause was incorrect ordering of operations. The original code
wrapped disable_referential_integrity inside a transaction, but
PRAGMA foreign_keys cannot be modified inside a transaction in SQLite -
attempting to do so simply has no effect. This meant foreign keys remained
enabled during table recreation, causing CASCADE deletes to fire.

The fix reverses the order to follow the official SQLite 12-step ALTER TABLE
procedure: disable_referential_integrity now wraps the transaction instead
of being wrapped by it. This ensures foreign keys are properly disabled
before the transaction starts and re-enabled after it commits, preventing
CASCADE deletes while maintaining data integrity through atomic transactions.

Ruy Rocha
Fix belongs_to associations not to clear the entire composite primary key.

When clearing a belongs_to association that references a model with composite primary key,
only the optional part of the key should be cleared.

zzak
Fix invalid records being autosaved when distantly associated records are marked for deletion.

Ian Terrell, axlekb AB
Prevent persisting invalid record.

Edouard Chin
Fix count with group by qualified name on loaded relation.

Ryuta Kamizono
Fix sum with qualified name on loaded relation.

Chris Gunther
Fix prepared statements on mysql2 adapter.

Jean Boussier
Fix query cache for pinned connections in multi threaded transactional tests.

When a pinned connection is used across separate threads, they now use a separate cache store
for each thread.

This improve accuracy of system tests, and any test using multiple threads.

Heinrich Lee Yu, Jean Boussier
Don't add id_value attribute alias when attribute/column with that name already exists.

Rob Lewis
Fix false positive change detection involving STI and polymorhic has one relationships.

Polymorphic has_one relationships would always be considered changed when defined in a STI child
class, causing nedless extra autosaves.

David Fritsch
Fix stale associaton detection for polymophic belong_to.

Florent Beaurain, Thomas Crambert
Fix removal of PostgreSQL version comments in structure.sql for latest PostgreSQL versions which include \restrict.

Brendan Weibrecht

Fix #merge with #or or #and and a mixture of attributes and SQL strings resulting in an incorrect query.

base = Comment.joins(:post).where(user_id: 1).where("recent = 1")
puts base.merge(base.where(draft: true).or(Post.where(archived: true))).to_sql

Before:

SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments"
INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."id" = "comments"."post_id"
WHERE (recent = 1)
AND (
  "comments"."user_id" = 1
  AND (recent = 1)
  AND "comments"."draft" = 1
  OR "posts"."archived" = 1
)

After:

SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments"
INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."id" = "comments"."post_id"
WHERE "comments"."user_id" = 1
AND (recent = 1)
AND (
  "comments"."user_id" = 1
  AND (recent = 1)
  AND "comments"."draft" = 1
  OR "posts"."archived" = 1
)

Joshua Young

Fix inline has_and_belongs_to_many fixtures for tables with composite primary keys.

fatkodima
Fix annotate comments to propagate to update_all/delete_all.

fatkodima
Fix checking whether an unpersisted record is include?d in a strictly
loaded has_and_belongs_to_many association.

Hartley McGuire
Fix inline has_and_belongs_to_many fixtures for tables with composite primary keys.

fatkodima
create_or_find_by will now correctly rollback a transaction.

When using create_or_find_by, raising a ActiveRecord::Rollback error
in a after_save callback had no effect, the transaction was committed
and a record created.

Edouard Chin
Gracefully handle Timeout.timeout firing during connection configuration.

Use of Timeout.timeout could result in improperly initialized database connection.

This could lead to a partially configured connection being used, resulting in various exceptions,
the most common being with the PostgreSQLAdapter raising undefined method 'key?' for nil
or TypeError: wrong argument type nil (expected PG::TypeMap).

Jean Boussier
The SQLite3 adapter quotes non-finite Numeric values like "Infinity" and "NaN".

Mike Dalessio
Handle libpq returning a database version of 0 on no/bad connection in PostgreSQLAdapter.

Before, this version would be cached and an error would be raised during connection configuration when
comparing it with the minimum required version for the adapter. This meant that the connection could
never be successfully configured on subsequent reconnection attempts.

Now, this is treated as a connection failure consistent with libpq, raising a ActiveRecord::ConnectionFailed
and ensuring the version isn't cached, which allows the version to be retrieved on the next connection attempt.

Joshua Young, Rian McGuire
Fix error handling during connection configuration.

Active Record wasn't properly handling errors during the connection configuration phase.
This could lead to a partially configured connection being used, resulting in various exceptions,
the most common being with the PostgreSQLAdapter raising undefined method key?' for nilorTypeError: wrong argument type nil (expected PG::TypeMap)`.

Jean Boussier
Fix a case where a non-retryable query could be marked retryable.

Hartley McGuire
Handle circular references when autosaving associations.

zzak
Prevent persisting invalid record.

Edouard Chin
Fix support for PostgreSQL enum types with commas in their name.

Arthur Hess
Fix inserts on MySQL with no RETURNING support for a table with multiple auto populated columns.

Nikita Vasilevsky

Fix joining on a scoped association with string joins and bind parameters.

class Instructor < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :instructor_roles, -> { active }
end

class InstructorRole < ActiveRecord::Base
  scope :active, -> {
    joins("JOIN students ON instructor_roles.student_id = students.id")
    .where(students { status: 1 })
  }
end

Instructor.joins(:instructor_roles).first

The above example would result in ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid because the
active scope bind parameters would be lost.

Jean Boussier

Fix a potential race condition with system tests and transactional fixtures.

Sjoerd Lagarde
Fix count with group by qualified name on loaded relation.

Ryuta Kamizono
Fix sum with qualified name on loaded relation.

Chris Gunther
Fix autosave associations to no longer validated unmodified associated records.

Active Record was incorrectly performing validation on associated record that
weren't created nor modified as part of the transaction:
```
Post.create!(author: User.find(1)) # Fail if user is invalid
```
Jean Boussier
Remember when a database connection has recently been verified (for
two seconds, by default), to avoid repeated reverifications during a
single request.

This should recreate a similar rate of verification as in Rails 7.1,
where connections are leased for the duration of a request, and thus
only verified once.

Matthew Draper
Fix prepared statements on mysql2 adapter.

Jean Boussier
Fix a race condition in ActiveRecord::Base#method_missing when lazily defining attributes.

If multiple thread were concurrently triggering attribute definition on the same model,
it could result in a NoMethodError being raised.

Jean Boussier
Fix MySQL default functions getting dropped when changing a column's nullability.

Bastian Bartmann
Fix add_unique_constraint/add_check_constraint//add_foreign_key` to be revertible when
given invalid options.

fatkodima
Fix asynchronous destroying of polymorphic belongs_to associations.

fatkodima
NOT VALID constraints should not dump in create_table.

Ryuta Kamizono
Fix finding by nil composite primary key association.

fatkodima
Fix parsing of SQLite foreign key names when they contain non-ASCII characters

Zacharias Knudsen
Fix parsing of MySQL 8.0.16+ CHECK constraints when they contain new lines.

Steve Hill
Ensure normalized attribute queries use IS NULL consistently for nil and normalized nil values.

Joshua Young
Restore back the ability to pass only database name for DATABASE_URL.

fatkodima
Fix order with using association name as an alias.

Ryuta Kamizono
Improve invalid argument error for with.

Ryuta Kamizono
Deduplicate with CTE expressions.

fatkodima

Action View

Fix javascript_include_tag type option to accept either strings and symbols.
```
javascript_include_tag "application", type: :module
javascript_include_tag "application", type: "module"
```
Previously, only the string value was recoginized.

Jean Boussier
Fix excerpt helper with non-whitespace separator.

Jonathan Hefner
Respect html_options[:form] when collection_checkboxes generates the
hidden <input>.

Riccardo Odone
Layouts have access to local variables passed to render.

This fixes #31680 which was a regression in Rails 5.1.

Mike Dalessio
Argument errors related to strict locals in templates now raise an
ActionView::StrictLocalsError, and all other argument errors are reraised as-is.

Previously, any ArgumentError raised during template rendering was swallowed during strict
local error handling, so that an ArgumentError unrelated to strict locals (e.g., a helper
method invoked with incorrect arguments) would be replaced by a similar ArgumentError with an
unrelated backtrace, making it difficult to debug templates.

Now, any ArgumentError unrelated to strict locals is reraised, preserving the original
backtrace for developers.

Also note that ActionView::StrictLocalsError is a subclass of ArgumentError, so any existing
code that rescues ArgumentError will continue to work.

Fixes #52227.

Mike Dalessio
Fix stack overflow error in dependency tracker when dealing with circular dependencies

Jean Boussier
Fix a crash in ERB template error highlighting when the error occurs on a
line in the compiled template that is past the end of the source template.

Martin Emde
Improve reliability of ERB template error highlighting.
Fix infinite loops and crashes in highlighting and
improve tolerance for alternate ERB handlers.

Martin Emde

Action Pack

Submit test requests using as: :html with Content-Type: x-www-form-urlencoded

Sean Doyle

Address rack 3.2 deprecations warnings.

warning: Status code :unprocessable_entity is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Rack.
Please use :unprocessable_content instead.

Rails API will transparently convert one into the other for the forseable future.

Earlopain, Jean Boussier

Always return empty body for HEAD requests in PublicExceptions and
DebugExceptions.

This is required by Rack::Lint (per RFC9110).

Hartley McGuire
Fix url_for to handle :path_params gracefully when it's not a Hash.

Prevents various security scanners from causing exceptions.

Martin Emde
Fix ActionDispatch::Executor to unwrap exceptions like other error reporting middlewares.

Jean Boussier
Fix NoMethodError when a non-string CSRF token is passed through headers.

Ryan Heneise
Fix invalid response when rescuing ActionController::Redirecting::UnsafeRedirectError in a controller.

Alex Ghiculescu

Active Job

Include the actual Active Job locale when serializing rather than I18n locale.

Adrien S
Avoid crashing in Active Job logger when logging enqueueing errors

ActiveJob.perform_all_later could fail with a TypeError when all
provided jobs failed to be enqueueed.

Efstathios Stivaros

Action Mailer

No changes.

Action Cable

Fixed compatibility with redis gem 5.4.1

Jean Boussier
Fixed a possible race condition in stream_from.

OuYangJinTing
Ensure the Postgresql adapter always use a dedicated connection even during system tests.

Fix an issue with the Action Cable Postgresql adapter causing deadlock or various weird
pg client error during system tests.

Jean Boussier

Active Storage

Fix config.active_storage.touch_attachment_records to work with eager loading.

fatkodima
A Blob will no longer autosave associated Attachment.

This fixes an issue where a record with an attachment would have
its dirty attributes reset, preventing your after commit callbacks
on that record to behave as expected.

Note that this change doesn't require any changes on your application
and is supposed to be internal. Active Storage Attachment will continue
to be autosaved (through a different relation).

Edouard-chin

Action Mailbox

No changes.

Action Text

No changes.

Railties

Use secret_key_base from ENV or credentials when present locally.

When ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] or
Rails.application.credentials.secret_key_base is set for test or
development, it is used for the Rails.config.secret_key_base,
instead of generating a tmp/local_secret.txt file.

Petrik de Heus

Guides

No changes.

7.1.6

2025-10-28T23:19:19Z

Active Support

No changes.

Active Model

No changes.

Active Record

Gracefully handle Timeout.timeout firing during connection configuration.

Use of Timeout.timeout could result in improperly initialized database connection.

This could lead to a partially configured connection being used, resulting in various exceptions,
the most common being with the PostgreSQLAdapter raising undefined method key?' for nilorTypeError: wrong argument type nil (expected PG::TypeMap)`.

Jean Boussier
Fix error handling during connection configuration.

Active Record wasn't properly handling errors during the connection configuration phase.
This could lead to a partially configured connection being used, resulting in various exceptions,
the most common being with the PostgreSQLAdapter raising undefined method key?' for nilorTypeError: wrong argument type nil (expected PG::TypeMap)`.

Jean Boussier
Fix prepared statements on mysql2 adapter.

Jean Boussier
Fix a race condition in ActiveRecord::Base#method_missing when lazily defining attributes.

If multiple thread were concurrently triggering attribute definition on the same model,
it could result in a NoMethodError being raised.

Jean Boussier

Action View

No changes.

Action Pack

No changes.

Active Job

No changes.

Action Mailer

No changes.

Action Cable

Fixed compatibility with redis gem 5.4.1

Jean Boussier

Active Storage

No changes.

Action Mailbox

No changes.

Action Text

No changes.

Railties

No changes.

Guides

No changes.

7.0.10

2025-10-28T23:12:55Z

See https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v7.0.9 for information about this release.

7.0.9

2025-10-28T23:02:29Z

Active Support

Fix ActiveSupport::Notifications.publish_event to preserve units.

This solves the incorrect reporting of time spent running Active Record
asynchronous queries (by a factor 1000).

Jean Boussier
Fix ActiveSupport::Deprecation to handle blaming generated code

Jean Boussier, fatkodima
Fix #to_fs(:human_size) to correctly work with negative numbers.

Earlopain
Add bigdecimal as Active Support dependency that is a bundled gem candidate for Ruby 3.4.

bigdecimal 3.1.4 or higher version will be installed.
Ruby 2.7 and 3.0 users who want bigdecimal version 2.0.0 or 3.0.0 behavior as a default gem,
pin the bigdecimal version in your application Gemfile.

Koichi ITO
Ensure {down,up}case_first returns non-frozen string.

Jonathan Hefner
Add drb, mutex_m and base64 that are bundled gem candidates for Ruby 3.4

Yasuo Honda
Fix delete_matched for file cache store to work with keys longer than the
max filename size.

fatkodima and Jonathan Hefner
Fix MemoryStore to prevent race conditions when incrementing or decrementing.

Pierre Jambet
Fix MemoryStore to preserve entries TTL when incrementing or decrementing

This is to be more consistent with how MemCachedStore and RedisCacheStore behaves.

Jean Boussier
NumberHelper: handle objects responding to_d.

fatkodima
NumberHelper: handle very large numbers.

Alex Ghiculescu, fatkodima
Fix Range#overlaps? not taking empty ranges into account on Ruby < 3.3

Nobuyoshi Nakada, Shouichi Kamiya, Hartley McGuire

Active Model

No changes.

Active Record

Fix an issue that could cause database connection leaks

If Active Record successfully connected to the database, but then failed
to read the server informations, the connection would be leaked until the
Ruby garbage collector triggers.

Jean Boussier
Fix single quote escapes on default generated MySQL columns

MySQL 5.7.5+ supports generated columns, which can be used to create a column that is computed from an expression.

Previously, the schema dump would output a string with double escapes for generated columns with single quotes in the default expression.

This would result in issues when importing the schema on a fresh instance of a MySQL database.

Now, the string will not be escaped and will be valid Ruby upon importing of the schema.

Yash Kapadia
Fix Relation#transaction to not apply a default scope

The method was incorrectly setting a default scope around its block:
```
Post.where(published: true).transaction do
  Post.count # SELECT COUNT(*) FROM posts WHERE published = FALSE;
end
```
Jean Boussier
Fix renaming primary key index when renaming a table with a UUID primary key
in PostgreSQL.

fatkodima
Fix where(field: values) queries when field is a serialized attribute
(for example, when field uses ActiveRecord::Base.serialize or is a JSON
column).

João Alves
Don't mark Float::INFINITY as changed when reassigning it

When saving a record with a float infinite value, it shouldn't mark as changed

Maicol Bentancor
ActiveRecord::Base.table_name now returns nil instead of raising
"undefined method abstract_class? for Object:Class".

a5-stable
Fix upserting for custom :on_duplicate and :unique_by consisting of all
inserts keys.

fatkodima
Fix NoMethodError when casting a PostgreSQL money value that uses a
comma as its radix point and has no leading currency symbol. For example,
when casting "3,50".

Andreas Reischuck and Jonathan Hefner
Fix duplicate quoting for check constraint expressions in schema dump when using MySQL

A check constraint with an expression, that already contains quotes, lead to an invalid schema
dump with the mysql2 adapter.

Fixes #42424.

Felix Tscheulin
Fix MySQL expression index dumping with escaped quotes.

fatkodima
Fix uniqueness validation on association not using overridden primary key.

fatkodima

Action View

Fix the number_to_human_size view helper to correctly work with negative numbers.

Earlopain

Action Pack

Fix ActionDispatch::Executor middleware to report errors handled by ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions.

In the default production environment, ShowExceptions rescue uncaught errors
and returns a response. Because if this the executor wouldn't report production
errors with the default Rails configuration.

Jean Boussier
Add racc as a dependency since it will become a bundled gem in Ruby 3.4.0

Hartley McGuire

Active Job

Preserve the serialized timezone when deserializing ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone arguments.

Joshua Young

Action Mailer

No changes.

Action Cable

No changes.

Active Storage

Fix ActiveStorage::Representations::ProxyController not returning the proper
preview image variant for previewable files.

Chedli Bourguiba
Make untracked variants obey config.active_storage.content_types_to_serve_as_binary
and config.active_storage.content_types_allowed_inline.

Chedli Bourguiba and Jonathan Hefner
Fix direct upload forms when submit button contains nested elements.

Marc Köhlbrugge
Prevent ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError when strict loading is
enabled and the variant of an Active Storage preview has already been
processed (for example, by calling ActiveStorage::Preview#url).

Jonathan Hefner
Fix variants not included when eager loading multiple records containing a single attachment

When using the with_attached_#{name} scope for a has_one_attached relation,
attachment variants were not eagerly loaded.

Russell Porter

Action Mailbox

No changes.

Action Text

No changes.

Railties

No changes.

Guides

No changes.

8.1.0

2025-10-22T00:35:05Z

Active Support

Remove deprecated passing a Time object to Time#since.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated Benchmark.ms method. It is now defined in the benchmark gem.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated addition for Time instances with ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated support for to_time to preserve the system local time. It will now always preserve the receiver
timezone.

Rafael Mendonça França
Deprecate config.active_support.to_time_preserves_timezone.

Rafael Mendonça França
Standardize event name formatting in assert_event_reported error messages.

The event name in failure messages now uses .inspect (e.g., name: "user.created")
to match assert_events_reported and provide type clarity between strings and symbols.
This only affects tests that assert on the failure message format itself.

George Ma
Fix Enumerable#sole to return the full tuple instead of just the first element of the tuple.

Olivier Bellone
Fix parallel tests hanging when worker processes die abruptly.

Previously, if a worker process was killed (e.g., OOM killed, kill -9) during parallel
test execution, the test suite would hang forever waiting for the dead worker.

Joshua Young
Add config.active_support.escape_js_separators_in_json.

Introduce a new framework default to skip escaping LINE SEPARATOR (U+2028) and PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR (U+2029) in JSON.

Historically these characters were not valid inside JavaScript literal strings but that changed in ECMAScript 2019.
As such it's no longer a concern in modern browsers: https://caniuse.com/mdn-javascript_builtins_json_json_superset.

Étienne Barrié, Jean Boussier
Fix NameError when class_attribute is defined on instance singleton classes.

Previously, calling class_attribute on an instance's singleton class would raise
a NameError when accessing the attribute through the instance.
```
object = MyClass.new
object.singleton_class.class_attribute :foo, default: "bar"
object.foo # previously raised NameError, now returns "bar"
```
Joshua Young
Introduce ActiveSupport::Testing::EventReporterAssertions#with_debug_event_reporting
to enable event reporter debug mode in tests.

The previous way to enable debug mode is by using #with_debug on the
event reporter itself, which is too verbose. This new helper will help
clear up any confusion on how to test debug events.

Gannon McGibbon
Add ActiveSupport::StructuredEventSubscriber for consuming notifications and
emitting structured event logs. Events may be emitted with the #emit_event
or #emit_debug_event methods.
```
class MyStructuredEventSubscriber < ActiveSupport::StructuredEventSubscriber
  def notification(event)
    emit_event("my.notification", data: 1)
  end
end
```
Adrianna Chang
ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker does not depend on Time.now to prevent unecessary reloads with time travel test helpers

Jan Grodowski
Add ActiveSupport::Cache::Store#namespace= and #namespace.

Can be used as an alternative to Store#clear in some situations such as parallel
testing.

Nick Schwaderer
Create parallel_worker_id helper for running parallel tests. This allows users to
know which worker they are currently running in.

Nick Schwaderer
Make the cache of ActiveSupport::Cache::Strategy::LocalCache::Middleware updatable.

If the cache client at Rails.cache of a booted application changes, the corresponding
mounted middleware needs to update in order for request-local caches to be setup properly.
Otherwise, redundant cache operations will erroneously hit the datastore.

Gannon McGibbon
Add assert_events_reported test helper for ActiveSupport::EventReporter.

This new assertion allows testing multiple events in a single block, regardless of order:
[email protected]" } } ]) do create_user_and_send_welcome_email end">
```
assert_events_reported([
  { name: "user.created", payload: { id: 123 } },
  { name: "email.sent", payload: { to: "[email protected]" } }
]) do
  create_user_and_send_welcome_email
end
```
George Ma

Add ActiveSupport::TimeZone#standard_name method.

zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Hawaii']
# Old way
ActiveSupport::TimeZone::MAPPING[zone.name]
# New way
zone.standard_name # => 'Pacific/Honolulu'

Bogdan Gusiev

Add Structured Event Reporter, accessible via Rails.event.

The Event Reporter provides a unified interface for producing structured events in Rails
applications:

[email protected]")">

Rails.event.notify("user.signup", user_id: 123, email: "[email protected]")

It supports adding tags to events:

[email protected]") end">

Rails.event.tagged("graphql") do
  # Event includes tags: { graphql: true }
  Rails.event.notify("user.signup", user_id: 123, email: "[email protected]")
end

As well as context:

# All events will contain context: {request_id: "abc123", shop_id: 456}
Rails.event.set_context(request_id: "abc123", shop_id: 456)

Events are emitted to subscribers. Applications register subscribers to
control how events are serialized and emitted. Subscribers must implement
an #emit method, which receives the event hash:

class LogSubscriber
  def emit(event)
    payload = event[:payload].map { |key, value| "#{key}=#{value}" }.join(" ")
    source_location = event[:source_location]
    log = "[#{event[:name]}] #{payload} at #{source_location[:filepath]}:#{source_location[:lineno]}"
    Rails.logger.info(log)
  end
end

Adrianna Chang

Make ActiveSupport::Logger #freeze-friendly.

Joshua Young
Make ActiveSupport::Gzip.compress deterministic based on input.

ActiveSupport::Gzip.compress used to include a timestamp in the output,
causing consecutive calls with the same input data to have different output
if called during different seconds. It now always sets the timestamp to 0
so that the output is identical for any given input.

Rob Brackett
Given an array of Thread::Backtrace::Location objects, the new method
ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner#clean_locations returns an array with the
clean ones:
```
clean_locations = backtrace_cleaner.clean_locations(caller_locations)
```
Filters and silencers receive strings as usual. However, the path
attributes of the locations in the returned array are the original,
unfiltered ones, since locations are immutable.

Xavier Noria
Improve CurrentAttributes and ExecutionContext state managment in test cases.

Previously these two global state would be entirely cleared out whenever calling
into code that is wrapped by the Rails executor, typically Action Controller or
Active Job helpers:
```
test "#index works" do
  CurrentUser.id = 42
  get :index
  CurrentUser.id == nil
end
```
Now re-entering the executor properly save and restore that state.

Jean Boussier
The new method ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner#first_clean_location
returns the first clean location of the caller's call stack, or nil.
Locations are Thread::Backtrace::Location objects. Useful when you want to
report the application-level location where something happened as an object.

Xavier Noria
FileUpdateChecker and EventedFileUpdateChecker ignore changes in Gem.path now.

Ermolaev Andrey, zzak
The new method ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner#first_clean_frame returns
the first clean frame of the caller's backtrace, or nil. Useful when you
want to report the application-level frame where something happened as a
string.

Xavier Noria
Always clear CurrentAttributes instances.

Previously CurrentAttributes instance would be reset at the end of requests.
Meaning its attributes would be re-initialized.

This is problematic because it assume these objects don't hold any state
other than their declared attribute, which isn't always the case, and
can lead to state leak across request.

Now CurrentAttributes instances are abandoned at the end of a request,
and a new instance is created at the start of the next request.

Jean Boussier, Janko Marohnić
Add public API for before_fork_hook in parallel testing.

Introduces a public API for calling the before fork hooks implemented by parallel testing.
```
parallelize_before_fork do
    # perform an action before test processes are forked
end
```
Eileen M. Uchitelle
Implement ability to skip creating parallel testing databases.

With parallel testing, Rails will create a database per process. If this isn't
desirable or you would like to implement databases handling on your own, you can
now turn off this default behavior.

To skip creating a database per process, you can change it via the
parallelize method:
```
parallelize(workers: 10, parallelize_databases: false)
```
or via the application configuration:
```
config.active_support.parallelize_databases = false
```
Eileen M. Uchitelle
Allow to configure maximum cache key sizes

When the key exceeds the configured limit (250 bytes by default), it will be truncated and
the digest of the rest of the key appended to it.

Note that previously ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore allowed up to 1kb cache keys before
truncation, which is now reduced to 250 bytes.
```
config.cache_store = :redis_cache_store, { max_key_size: 64 }
```
fatkodima
Use UNLINK command instead of DEL in ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore for non-blocking deletion.

Aron Roh

Add Cache#read_counter and Cache#write_counter

Rails.cache.write_counter("foo", 1)
Rails.cache.read_counter("foo") # => 1
Rails.cache.increment("foo")
Rails.cache.read_counter("foo") # => 2

Alex Ghiculescu

Introduce ActiveSupport::Testing::ErrorReporterAssertions#capture_error_reports

Captures all reported errors from within the block that match the given
error class.

reports = capture_error_reports(IOError) do
  Rails.error.report(IOError.new("Oops"))
  Rails.error.report(IOError.new("Oh no"))
  Rails.error.report(StandardError.new)
end

assert_equal 2, reports.size
assert_equal "Oops", reports.first.error.message
assert_equal "Oh no", reports.last.error.message

Andrew Novoselac

Introduce ActiveSupport::ErrorReporter#add_middleware

When reporting an error, the error context middleware will be called with the reported error
and base execution context. The stack may mutate the context hash. The mutated context will
then be passed to error subscribers. Middleware receives the same parameters as ErrorReporter#report.

Andrew Novoselac, Sam Schmidt
Change execution wrapping to report all exceptions, including Exception.

If a more serious error like SystemStackError or NoMemoryError happens,
the error reporter should be able to report these kinds of exceptions.

Gannon McGibbon
ActiveSupport::Testing::Parallelization.before_fork_hook allows declaration of callbacks that
are invoked immediately before forking test workers.

Mike Dalessio

Allow the #freeze_time testing helper to accept a date or time argument.

Time.current # => Sun, 09 Jul 2024 15:34:49 EST -05:00
freeze_time Time.current + 1.day
sleep 1
Time.current # => Mon, 10 Jul 2024 15:34:49 EST -05:00

Joshua Young

ActiveSupport::JSON now accepts options

It is now possible to pass options to ActiveSupport::JSON:
```
ActiveSupport::JSON.decode('{"key": "value"}', symbolize_names: true) # => { key: "value" }
```
matthaigh27

ActiveSupport::Testing::NotificationAssertions's assert_notification now matches against payload subsets by default.

Previously the following assertion would fail due to excess key vals in the notification payload. Now with payload subset matching, it will pass.

assert_notification("post.submitted", title: "Cool Post") do
  ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("post.submitted", title: "Cool Post", body: "Cool Body")
end

Additionally, you can now persist a matched notification for more customized assertions.

notification = assert_notification("post.submitted", title: "Cool Post") do
  ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("post.submitted", title: "Cool Post", body: Body.new("Cool Body"))
end

assert_instance_of(Body, notification.payload[:body])

Nicholas La Roux

Deprecate String#mb_chars and ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars.

These APIs are a relic of the Ruby 1.8 days when Ruby strings weren't encoding
aware. There is no legitimate reasons to need these APIs today.

Jean Boussier
Deprecate ActiveSupport::Configurable

Sean Doyle
nil.to_query("key") now returns key.

Previously it would return key=, preventing round tripping with Rack::Utils.parse_nested_query.

Erol Fornoles
Avoid wrapping redis in a ConnectionPool when using ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore if the :redis
option is already a ConnectionPool.

Joshua Young
Alter ERB::Util.tokenize to return :PLAIN token with full input string when string doesn't contain ERB tags.

Martin Emde
Fix a bug in ERB::Util.tokenize that causes incorrect tokenization when ERB tags are preceded by multibyte characters.

Martin Emde
Add ActiveSupport::Testing::NotificationAssertions module to help with testing ActiveSupport::Notifications.

Nicholas La Roux, Yishu See, Sean Doyle
ActiveSupport::CurrentAttributes#attributes now will return a new hash object on each call.

Previously, the same hash object was returned each time that method was called.

fatkodima

ActiveSupport::JSON.encode supports CIDR notation.

Previously:

ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(IPAddr.new("172.16.0.0/24")) # => "\"172.16.0.0\""

After this change:

ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(IPAddr.new("172.16.0.0/24")) # => "\"172.16.0.0/24\""

Taketo Takashima

Make ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker faster when checking many file-extensions.

Jonathan del Strother

Active Model

Add reset_token: { expires_in: ... } option to has_secure_password.

Allows configuring the expiry duration of password reset tokens (default remains 15 minutes for backwards compatibility).
```
has_secure_password reset_token: { expires_in: 1.hour }
```
Jevin Sew, Abeid Ahmed
Add except_on: option for validation callbacks.

Ben Sheldon

Backport ActiveRecord::Normalization to ActiveModel::Attributes::Normalization

[email protected]\n" user.email # => "[email protected]"">

class User
  include ActiveModel::Attributes
  include ActiveModel::Attributes::Normalization

  attribute :email, :string

  normalizes :email, with: -> email { email.strip.downcase }
end

user = User.new
user.email =    " [email protected]\n"
user.email # => "[email protected]"

Sean Doyle

Active Record

Fix SQLite3 data loss during table alterations with CASCADE foreign keys.

When altering a table in SQLite3 that is referenced by child tables with
ON DELETE CASCADE foreign keys, ActiveRecord would silently delete all
data from the child tables. This occurred because SQLite requires table
recreation for schema changes, and during this process the original table
is temporarily dropped, triggering CASCADE deletes on child tables.

The root cause was incorrect ordering of operations. The original code
wrapped disable_referential_integrity inside a transaction, but
PRAGMA foreign_keys cannot be modified inside a transaction in SQLite -
attempting to do so simply has no effect. This meant foreign keys remained
enabled during table recreation, causing CASCADE deletes to fire.

The fix reverses the order to follow the official SQLite 12-step ALTER TABLE
procedure: disable_referential_integrity now wraps the transaction instead
of being wrapped by it. This ensures foreign keys are properly disabled
before the transaction starts and re-enabled after it commits, preventing
CASCADE deletes while maintaining data integrity through atomic transactions.

Ruy Rocha
Add replicas to test database parallelization setup.

Setup and configuration of databases for parallel testing now includes replicas.

This fixes an issue when using a replica database, database selector middleware,
and non-transactional tests, where integration tests running in parallel would select
the base test database, i.e. db_test, instead of the numbered parallel worker database,
i.e. db_test_{n}.

Adam Maas
Support virtual (not persisted) generated columns on PostgreSQL 18+

PostgreSQL 18 introduces virtual (not persisted) generated columns,
which are now the default unless the stored: true option is explicitly specified on PostgreSQL 18+.
```
create_table :users do |t|
  t.string :name
  t.virtual :lower_name,  type: :string,  as: "LOWER(name)", stored: false
  t.virtual :name_length, type: :integer, as: "LENGTH(name)"
end
```
Yasuo Honda
Optimize schema dumping to prevent duplicate file generation.

ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.dump_all now tracks which schema files
have already been dumped and skips dumping the same file multiple times.
This improves performance when multiple database configurations share the
same schema dump path.

Mikey Gough, Hartley McGuire
Add structured events for Active Record:
- active_record.strict_loading_violation
- active_record.sql
Gannon McGibbon

Add support for integer shard keys.

# Now accepts symbols as shard keys.
ActiveRecord::Base.connects_to(shards: {
  1: { writing: :primary_shard_one, reading: :primary_shard_one },
  2: { writing: :primary_shard_two, reading: :primary_shard_two},
})

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: 1) do
  # ..
end

Nony Dutton

Add ActiveRecord::Base.only_columns

Similar in use case to ignored_columns but listing columns to consider rather than the ones
to ignore.

Can be useful when working with a legacy or shared database schema, or to make safe schema change
in two deploys rather than three.

Anton Kandratski
Use PG::Connection#close_prepared (protocol level Close) to deallocate
prepared statements when available.

To enable its use, you must have pg >= 1.6.0, libpq >= 17, and a PostgreSQL
database version >= 17.

Hartley McGuire, Andrew Jackson
Fix query cache for pinned connections in multi threaded transactional tests

When a pinned connection is used across separate threads, they now use a separate cache store
for each thread.

This improve accuracy of system tests, and any test using multiple threads.

Heinrich Lee Yu, Jean Boussier
Fix time attribute dirty tracking with timezone conversions.

Time-only attributes now maintain a fixed date of 2000-01-01 during timezone conversions,
preventing them from being incorrectly marked as changed due to date shifts.

This fixes an issue where time attributes would be marked as changed when setting the same time value
due to timezone conversion causing internal date shifts.

Prateek Choudhary
Skip calling PG::Connection#cancel in cancel_any_running_query
when using libpq >= 18 with pg < 1.6.0, due to incompatibility.
Rollback still runs, but may take longer.

Yasuo Honda, Lars Kanis
Don't add id_value attribute alias when attribute/column with that name already exists.

Rob Lewis
Remove deprecated :unsigned_float and :unsigned_decimal column methods for MySQL.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated :retries option for the SQLite3 adapter.

Rafael Mendonça França
Introduce new database configuration options keepalive, max_age, and
min_connections -- and rename pool to max_connections to match.

There are no changes to default behavior, but these allow for more specific
control over pool behavior.

Matthew Draper, Chris AtLee, Rachael Wright-Munn
Move LIMIT validation from query generation to when limit() is called.

Hartley McGuire, Shuyang
Add ActiveRecord::CheckViolation error class for check constraint violations.

Ryuta Kamizono
Add ActiveRecord::ExclusionViolation error class for exclusion constraint violations.

When an exclusion constraint is violated in PostgreSQL, the error will now be raised
as ActiveRecord::ExclusionViolation instead of the generic ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid,
making it easier to handle these specific constraint violations in application code.

This follows the same pattern as other constraint violation error classes like
RecordNotUnique for unique constraint violations and InvalidForeignKey for
foreign key constraint violations.

Ryuta Kamizono
Attributes filtered by filter_attributes will now also be filtered by filter_parameters
so sensitive information is not leaked.

Jill Klang

Add connection.current_transaction.isolation API to check current transaction's isolation level.

Returns the isolation level if it was explicitly set via the isolation: parameter
or through ActiveRecord.with_transaction_isolation_level, otherwise returns nil.
Nested transactions return the parent transaction's isolation level.

# Returns nil when no transaction
User.connection.current_transaction.isolation # => nil

# Returns explicitly set isolation level
User.transaction(isolation: :serializable) do
  User.connection.current_transaction.isolation # => :serializable
end

# Returns nil when isolation not explicitly set
User.transaction do
  User.connection.current_transaction.isolation # => nil
end

# Nested transactions inherit parent's isolation
User.transaction(isolation: :read_committed) do
  User.transaction do
    User.connection.current_transaction.isolation # => :read_committed
  end
end

Kir Shatrov

Fix #merge with #or or #and and a mixture of attributes and SQL strings resulting in an incorrect query.

base = Comment.joins(:post).where(user_id: 1).where("recent = 1")
puts base.merge(base.where(draft: true).or(Post.where(archived: true))).to_sql

Before:

SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments"
INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."id" = "comments"."post_id"
WHERE (recent = 1)
AND (
  "comments"."user_id" = 1
  AND (recent = 1)
  AND "comments"."draft" = 1
  OR "posts"."archived" = 1
)

After:

SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments"
INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."id" = "comments"."post_id"
WHERE "comments"."user_id" = 1
AND (recent = 1)
AND (
  "comments"."user_id" = 1
  AND (recent = 1)
  AND "comments"."draft" = 1
  OR "posts"."archived" = 1
)

Joshua Young

Make schema dumper to account for ActiveRecord.dump_schemas when dumping in :ruby format.

fatkodima

Add :touch option to update_column/update_columns methods.

# Will update :updated_at/:updated_on alongside :nice column.
user.update_column(:nice, true, touch: true)

# Will update :updated_at/:updated_on alongside :last_ip column
user.update_columns(last_ip: request.remote_ip, touch: true)

Dmitrii Ivliev

Optimize Active Record batching further when using ranges.

Tested on a PostgreSQL table with 10M records and batches of 10k records, the generation
of relations for the 1000 batches was 4.8x faster (6.8s vs. 1.4s), used 900x
less bandwidth (180MB vs. 0.2MB) and allocated 45x less memory (490MB vs. 11MB).

Maxime Réty, fatkodima
Include current character length in error messages for index and table name length validations.

Joshua Young
Add rename_schema method for PostgreSQL.

T S Vallender
Implement support for deprecating associations:
```
has_many :posts, deprecated: true
```
With that, Active Record will report any usage of the posts association.

Three reporting modes are supported (:warn, :raise, and :notify), and
backtraces can be enabled or disabled. Defaults are :warn mode and
disabled backtraces.

Please, check the docs for further details.

Xavier Noria
PostgreSQL adapter create DB now supports locale_provider and locale.

Bengt-Ove Hollaender
Use ntuples to populate row_count instead of count for Postgres

Jonathan Calvert
Fix checking whether an unpersisted record is include?d in a strictly
loaded has_and_belongs_to_many association.

Hartley McGuire
Add ability to change transaction isolation for all pools within a block.

This functionality is useful if your application needs to change the database
transaction isolation for a request or action.

Calling ActiveRecord.with_transaction_isolation_level(level) {} in an around filter or
middleware will set the transaction isolation for all pools accessed within the block,
but not for the pools that aren't.

This works with explicit and implicit transactions:
```
ActiveRecord.with_transaction_isolation_level(:read_committed) do
  Tag.transaction do # opens a transaction explicitly
    Tag.create!
  end
end
```
```
ActiveRecord.with_transaction_isolation_level(:read_committed) do
  Tag.create! # opens a transaction implicitly
end
```
Eileen M. Uchitelle
Raise ActiveRecord::MissingRequiredOrderError when order dependent finder methods (e.g. #first, #last) are
called without order values on the relation, and the model does not have any order columns (implicit_order_column,
query_constraints, or primary_key) to fall back on.

This change will be introduced with a new framework default for Rails 8.1, and the current behavior of not raising
an error has been deprecated with the aim of removing the configuration option in Rails 8.2.
```
config.active_record.raise_on_missing_required_finder_order_columns = true
```
Joshua Young
:class_name is now invalid in polymorphic belongs_to associations.

Reason is :class_name does not make sense in those associations because
the class name of target records is dynamic and stored in the type column.

Existing polymorphic associations setting this option can just delete it.
While it did not raise, it had no effect anyway.

Xavier Noria
Add support for multiple databases to db:migrate:reset.

Joé Dupuis
Add affected_rows to ActiveRecord::Result.

Jenny Shen
Enable passing retryable SqlLiterals to #where.

Hartley McGuire
Set default for primary keys in insert_all/upsert_all.

Previously in Postgres, updating and inserting new records in one upsert wasn't possible
due to null primary key values. nil primary key values passed into insert_all/upsert_all
are now implicitly set to the default insert value specified by adapter.

Jenny Shen
Add a load hook active_record_database_configurations for ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations

Mike Dalessio
Use TRUE and FALSE for SQLite queries with boolean columns.

Hartley McGuire
Bump minimum supported SQLite to 3.23.0.

Hartley McGuire
Allow allocated Active Records to lookup associations.

Previously, the association cache isn't setup on allocated record objects, so association
lookups will crash. Test frameworks like mocha use allocate to check for stubbable instance
methods, which can trigger an association lookup.

Gannon McGibbon

Encryption now supports support_unencrypted_data: true being set per-attribute.

Previously this only worked if ActiveRecord::Encryption.config.support_unencrypted_data == true.
Now, if the global config is turned off, you can still opt in for a specific attribute.

# ActiveRecord::Encryption.config.support_unencrypted_data = true
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  encrypts :name, support_unencrypted_data: false # only supports encrypted data
  encrypts :email # supports encrypted or unencrypted data
end

# ActiveRecord::Encryption.config.support_unencrypted_data = false
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  encrypts :name, support_unencrypted_data: true # supports encrypted or unencrypted data
  encrypts :email  # only supports encrypted data
end

Alex Ghiculescu

Model generator no longer needs a database connection to validate column types.

Mike Dalessio
Allow signed ID verifiers to be configurable via Rails.application.message_verifiers

Prior to this change, the primary way to configure signed ID verifiers was
to set signed_id_verifier on each model class:
```
Post.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(...)
Comment.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(...)
```
And if the developer did not set signed_id_verifier, a verifier would be
instantiated with a secret derived from secret_key_base and the following
options:
```
{ digest: "SHA256", serializer: JSON, url_safe: true }
```
Thus it was cumbersome to rotate configuration for all verifiers.

This change defines a new Rails config: config.active_record.use_legacy_signed_id_verifier.
The default value is :generate_and_verify, which preserves the previous
behavior. However, when set to :verify, signed ID verifiers will use
configuration from Rails.application.message_verifiers (specifically,
Rails.application.message_verifiers["active_record/signed_id"]) to
generate and verify signed IDs, but will also verify signed IDs using the
older configuration.

To avoid complication, the new behavior only applies when signed_id_verifier_secret
is not set on a model class or any of its ancestors. Additionally,
signed_id_verifier_secret is now deprecated. If you are currently setting
signed_id_verifier_secret on a model class, you can set signed_id_verifier
instead:
```
# BEFORE
Post.signed_id_verifier_secret = "my secret"

# AFTER
Post.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new("my secret", digest: "SHA256", serializer: JSON, url_safe: true)
```
To ease migration, signed_id_verifier has also been changed to behave as a
class_attribute (i.e. inheritable), but only when signed_id_verifier_secret
is not set:
```
# BEFORE
ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(...)
Post.signed_id_verifier == ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier # => false

# AFTER
ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(...)
Post.signed_id_verifier == ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier # => true

Post.signed_id_verifier_secret = "my secret" # => deprecation warning
Post.signed_id_verifier == ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier # => false
```
Note, however, that it is recommended to eventually migrate from
model-specific verifiers to a unified configuration managed by
Rails.application.message_verifiers. ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier#rotate
can facilitate that transition. For example:
```
# BEFORE
# Generate and verify signed Post IDs using Post-specific configuration
Post.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new("post secret", ...)

# AFTER
# Generate and verify signed Post IDs using the unified configuration
Post.signed_id_verifier = Post.signed_id_verifier.dup
# Fall back to Post-specific configuration when verifying signed IDs
Post.signed_id_verifier.rotate("post secret", ...)
```
Ali Sepehri, Jonathan Hefner
Prepend extra_flags in postgres' structure_load

When specifying structure_load_flags with a postgres adapter, the flags
were appended to the default flags, instead of prepended.
This caused issues with flags not being taken into account by postgres.

Alice Loeser
Allow bypassing primary key/constraint addition in implicit_order_column

When specifying multiple columns in an array for implicit_order_column, adding
nil as the last element will prevent appending the primary key to order
conditions. This allows more precise control of indexes used by
generated queries. It should be noted that this feature does introduce the risk
of API misbehavior if the specified columns are not fully unique.

Issy Long
Allow setting the schema_format via database configuration.
```
primary:
  schema_format: ruby
```
Useful for multi-database setups when apps require different formats per-database.

T S Vallender
Support disabling indexes for MySQL v8.0.0+ and MariaDB v10.6.0+

MySQL 8.0.0 added an option to disable indexes from being used by the query
optimizer by making them "invisible". This allows the index to still be maintained
and updated but no queries will be permitted to use it. This can be useful for adding
new invisible indexes or making existing indexes invisible before dropping them
to ensure queries are not negatively affected.
See https://dev.mysql.com/blog-archive/mysql-8-0-invisible-indexes/ for more details.

MariaDB 10.6.0 also added support for this feature by allowing indexes to be "ignored"
in queries. See https://mariadb.com/kb/en/ignored-indexes/ for more details.

Active Record now supports this option for MySQL 8.0.0+ and MariaDB 10.6.0+ for
index creation and alteration where the new index option enabled: true/false can be
passed to column and index methods as below:
```
add_index :users, :email, enabled: false
enable_index :users, :email
add_column :users, :dob, :string, index: { enabled: false }

change_table :users do |t|
  t.index :name, enabled: false
  t.index :dob
  t.disable_index :dob
  t.column :username, :string, index: { enabled: false }
  t.references :account, index: { enabled: false }
end

create_table :users do |t|
  t.string :name, index: { enabled: false }
  t.string :email
  t.index :email, enabled: false
end
```
Merve Taner
Respect implicit_order_column in ActiveRecord::Relation#reverse_order.

Joshua Young
Add column types to ActiveRecord::Result for SQLite3.

Andrew Kane
Raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError when pessimistically locking with a readonly role.

Joshua Young
Fix using the SQLite3Adapter's dbconsole method outside of a Rails application.

Hartley McGuire
Fix migrating multiple databases with ActiveRecord::PendingMigration action.

Gannon McGibbon
Enable automatically retrying idempotent association queries on connection
errors.

Hartley McGuire
Add allow_retry to sql.active_record instrumentation.

This enables identifying queries which queries are automatically retryable on connection errors.

Hartley McGuire
Better support UPDATE with JOIN for Postgresql and SQLite3

Previously when generating update queries with one or more JOIN clauses,
Active Record would use a sub query which would prevent to reference the joined
tables in the SET clause, for instance:
```
Comment.joins(:post).update_all("title = posts.title")
```
This is now supported as long as the relation doesn't also use a LIMIT, ORDER or
GROUP BY clause. This was supported by the MySQL adapter for a long time.

Jean Boussier
Introduce a before-fork hook in ActiveSupport::Testing::Parallelization to clear existing
connections, to avoid fork-safety issues with the mysql2 adapter.

Fixes #41776

Mike Dalessio, Donal McBreen
PoolConfig no longer keeps a reference to the connection class.

Keeping a reference to the class caused subtle issues when combined with reloading in
development. Fixes #54343.

Mike Dalessio
Fix SQL notifications sometimes not sent when using async queries.
```
Post.async_count
ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribed(->(*) { "Will never reach here" }) do
  Post.count
end
```
In rare circumstances and under the right race condition, Active Support notifications
would no longer be dispatched after using an asynchronous query.
This is now fixed.

Edouard Chin
Eliminate queries loading dumped schema cache on Postgres

Improve resiliency by avoiding needing to open a database connection to load the
type map while defining attribute methods at boot when a schema cache file is
configured on PostgreSQL databases.

James Coleman
ActiveRecord::Coder::JSON can be instantiated

Options can now be passed to ActiveRecord::Coder::JSON when instantiating the coder. This allows:
```
serialize :config, coder: ActiveRecord::Coder::JSON.new(symbolize_names: true)
```
matthaigh27
Deprecate using insert_all/upsert_all with unpersisted records in associations.

Using these methods on associations containing unpersisted records will now
show a deprecation warning, as the unpersisted records will be lost after
the operation.

Nick Schwaderer
Make column name optional for index_exists?.

This aligns well with remove_index signature as well, where
index name doesn't need to be derived from the column names.

Ali Ismayiliov
Change the payload name of sql.active_record notification for eager
loading from "SQL" to "#{model.name} Eager Load".

zzak
Enable automatically retrying idempotent #exists? queries on connection
errors.

Hartley McGuire, classidied
Deprecate usage of unsupported methods in conjunction with update_all:

update_all will now print a deprecation message if a query includes either WITH,
WITH RECURSIVE or DISTINCT statements. Those were never supported and were ignored
when generating the SQL query.

An error will be raised in a future Rails release. This behavior will be consistent
with delete_all which currently raises an error for unsupported statements.

Edouard Chin
The table columns inside schema.rb are now sorted alphabetically.

Previously they'd be sorted by creation order, which can cause merge conflicts when two
branches modify the same table concurrently.

John Duff
Introduce versions formatter for the schema dumper.

It is now possible to override how schema dumper formats versions information inside the
structure.sql file. Currently, the versions are simply sorted in the decreasing order.
Within large teams, this can potentially cause many merge conflicts near the top of the list.

Now, the custom formatter can be provided with a custom sorting logic (e.g. by hash values
of the versions), which can greatly reduce the number of conflicts.

fatkodima
Serialized attributes can now be marked as comparable.

A not rare issue when working with serialized attributes is that the serialized representation of an object
can change over time. Either because you are migrating from one serializer to the other (e.g. YAML to JSON or to msgpack),
or because the serializer used subtly changed its output.

One example is libyaml that used to have some extra trailing whitespaces, and recently fixed that.
When this sorts of thing happen, you end up with lots of records that report being changed even though
they aren't, which in the best case leads to a lot more writes to the database and in the worst case lead to nasty bugs.

The solution is to instead compare the deserialized representation of the object, however Active Record
can't assume the deserialized object has a working == method. Hence why this new functionality is opt-in.
```
serialize :config, type: Hash, coder: JSON, comparable: true
```
Jean Boussier
Fix MySQL default functions getting dropped when changing a column's nullability.

Bastian Bartmann

SQLite extensions can be configured in config/database.yml.

The database configuration option extensions: allows an application to load SQLite extensions
when using sqlite3 >= v2.4.0. The array members may be filesystem paths or the names of
modules that respond to .to_path:

development:
  adapter: sqlite3
  extensions:
    - SQLean::UUID                     # module name responding to `.to_path`
    - .sqlpkg/nalgeon/crypto/crypto.so # or a filesystem path
    - <%= AppExtensions.location %>    # or ruby code returning a path

Mike Dalessio

ActiveRecord::Middleware::ShardSelector supports granular database connection switching.

A new configuration option, class_name:, is introduced to
config.active_record.shard_selector to allow an application to specify the abstract connection
class to be switched by the shard selection middleware. The default class is
ActiveRecord::Base.

For example, this configuration tells ShardSelector to switch shards using
AnimalsRecord.connected_to:
```
config.active_record.shard_selector = { class_name: "AnimalsRecord" }
```
Mike Dalessio
Reset relations after insert_all/upsert_all.

Bulk insert/upsert methods will now call reset if used on a relation, matching the behavior of update_all.

Milo Winningham
Use _N as a parallel tests databases suffixes

Peviously, -N was used as a suffix. This can cause problems for RDBMSes
which do not support dashes in database names.

fatkodima
Remember when a database connection has recently been verified (for
two seconds, by default), to avoid repeated reverifications during a
single request.

This should recreate a similar rate of verification as in Rails 7.1,
where connections are leased for the duration of a request, and thus
only verified once.

Matthew Draper
Allow to reset cache counters for multiple records.
```
Aircraft.reset_counters([1, 2, 3], :wheels_count)
```
It produces much fewer queries compared to the custom implementation using looping over ids.
Previously: O(ids.size * counters.size) queries, now: O(ids.size + counters.size) queries.

fatkodima
Add affected_rows to sql.active_record Notification.

Hartley McGuire
Fix sum when performing a grouped calculation.

User.group(:friendly).sum no longer worked. This is fixed.

Edouard Chin
Add support for enabling or disabling transactional tests per database.

A test class can now override the default use_transactional_tests setting
for individual databases, which can be useful if some databases need their
current state to be accessible to an external process while tests are running.
```
class MostlyTransactionalTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  self.use_transactional_tests = true
  skip_transactional_tests_for_database :shared
end
```
Matthew Cheetham, Morgan Mareve
Cast query_cache value when using URL configuration.

zzak
NULLS NOT DISTINCT works with UNIQUE CONSTRAINT as well as UNIQUE INDEX.

Ryuta Kamizono
PG::UnableToSend: no connection to the server is now retryable as a connection-related exception

Kazuma Watanabe

Action View

The BEGIN template annotation/comment was previously printed on the same line as the following element. We now insert a newline inside the comment so it spans two lines without adding visible whitespace to the HTML output to enhance readability.

Before:
```
<p>This is grand!</p>
```
After:
```
<p>This is grand!</p>
```
Emmanuel Hayford
Add structured events for Action View:
- action_view.render_template
- action_view.render_partial
- action_view.render_layout
- action_view.render_collection
- action_view.render_start
Gannon McGibbon
Fix label with for option not getting prefixed by form namespace value

Abeid Ahmed, Hartley McGuire
Add fetchpriority to Link headers to match HTML generated by preload_link_tag.

Guillermo Iguaran
Add CSP nonce to Link headers generated by preload_link_tag.

Alexander Gitter
Allow current_page? to match against specific HTTP method(s) with a method: option.

Ben Sheldon
Remove autocomplete="off" on hidden inputs generated by the following
tags:
- form_tag, token_tag, method_tag
As well as the hidden parameter fields included in button_to,
check_box, select (with multiple) and file_field forms.

nkulway
Enable configuring the strategy for tracking dependencies between Action
View templates.

The existing :regex strategy is kept as the default, but with
load_defaults 8.1 the strategy will be :ruby (using a real Ruby parser).

Hartley McGuire

Introduce relative_time_in_words helper

relative_time_in_words(3.minutes.from_now) # => "in 3 minutes"
relative_time_in_words(3.minutes.ago) # => "3 minutes ago"
relative_time_in_words(10.seconds.ago, include_seconds: true) # => "less than 10 seconds ago"

Matheus Richard

Make nonce: false remove the nonce attribute from javascript_tag, javascript_include_tag, and stylesheet_link_tag.

francktrouillez
Add dom_target helper to create dom_id-like strings from an unlimited
number of objects.

Ben Sheldon
Respect html_options[:form] when collection_checkboxes generates the
hidden <input>.

Riccardo Odone
Layouts have access to local variables passed to render.

This fixes #31680 which was a regression in Rails 5.1.

Mike Dalessio
Argument errors related to strict locals in templates now raise an
ActionView::StrictLocalsError, and all other argument errors are reraised as-is.

Previously, any ArgumentError raised during template rendering was swallowed during strict
local error handling, so that an ArgumentError unrelated to strict locals (e.g., a helper
method invoked with incorrect arguments) would be replaced by a similar ArgumentError with an
unrelated backtrace, making it difficult to debug templates.

Now, any ArgumentError unrelated to strict locals is reraised, preserving the original
backtrace for developers.

Also note that ActionView::StrictLocalsError is a subclass of ArgumentError, so any existing
code that rescues ArgumentError will continue to work.

Fixes #52227.

Mike Dalessio
Improve error highlighting of multi-line methods in ERB templates or
templates where the error occurs within a do-end block.

Martin Emde
Fix a crash in ERB template error highlighting when the error occurs on a
line in the compiled template that is past the end of the source template.

Martin Emde
Improve reliability of ERB template error highlighting.
Fix infinite loops and crashes in highlighting and
improve tolerance for alternate ERB handlers.

Martin Emde
Allow hidden_field and hidden_field_tag to accept a custom autocomplete value.

brendon
Add a new configuration content_security_policy_nonce_auto for automatically adding a nonce to the tags affected by the directives specified by the content_security_policy_nonce_directives configuration option.

francktrouillez

Action Pack

Submit test requests using as: :html with Content-Type: x-www-form-urlencoded

Sean Doyle
Add link-local IP ranges to ActionDispatch::RemoteIp default proxies.

Link-local addresses (169.254.0.0/16 for IPv4 and fe80::/10 for IPv6)
are now included in the default trusted proxy list, similar to private IP ranges.

Adam Daniels
remote_ip will no longer ignore IPs in X-Forwarded-For headers if they
are accompanied by port information.

Duncan Brown, Prevenios Marinos, Masafumi Koba, Adam Daniels
Add action_dispatch.verbose_redirect_logs setting that logs where redirects were called from.

Similar to active_record.verbose_query_logs and active_job.verbose_enqueue_logs, this adds a line in your logs that shows where a redirect was called from.

Example:
```
Redirected to http://localhost:3000/posts/1
↳ app/controllers/posts_controller.rb:32:in `block (2 levels) in create'
```
Dennis Paagman

Add engine route filtering and better formatting in bin/rails routes.

Allow engine routes to be filterable in the routing inspector, and
improve formatting of engine routing output.

Before:

> bin/rails routes -e engine_only
No routes were found for this grep pattern.
For more information about routes, see the Rails guide: https://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html.

After:

> bin/rails routes -e engine_only
Routes for application:
No routes were found for this grep pattern.
For more information about routes, see the Rails guide: https://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html.

Routes for Test::Engine:
Prefix Verb URI Pattern       Controller#Action
engine GET  /engine_only(.:format) a#b

Dennis Paagman, Gannon McGibbon

Add structured events for Action Pack and Action Dispatch:
- action_dispatch.redirect
- action_controller.request_started
- action_controller.request_completed
- action_controller.callback_halted
- action_controller.rescue_from_handled
- action_controller.file_sent
- action_controller.redirected
- action_controller.data_sent
- action_controller.unpermitted_parameters
- action_controller.fragment_cache
Adrianna Chang
URL helpers for engines mounted at the application root handle SCRIPT_NAME correctly.

Fixed an issue where SCRIPT_NAME is not applied to paths generated for routes in an engine
mounted at "/".

Mike Dalessio

Update ActionController::Metal::RateLimiting to support passing method names to :by and :with

class SignupsController < ApplicationController
  rate_limit to: 10, within: 1.minute, with: :redirect_with_flash

  private
    def redirect_with_flash
      redirect_to root_url, alert: "Too many requests!"
    end
end

Sean Doyle

Optimize ActionDispatch::Http::URL.build_host_url when protocol is included in host.

When using URL helpers with a host that includes the protocol (e.g., { host: "https://example.com" }),
skip unnecessary protocol normalization and string duplication since the extracted protocol is already
in the correct format. This eliminates 2 string allocations per URL generation and provides a ~10%
performance improvement for this case.

Joshua Young, Hartley McGuire
Allow action_controller.logger to be disabled by setting it to nil or false instead of always defaulting to Rails.logger.

Roberto Miranda
Remove deprecated support to a route to multiple paths.

Rafael Mendonça França

Remove deprecated support for using semicolons as a query string separator.

Before:

ActionDispatch::QueryParser.each_pair("foo=bar;baz=quux").to_a
# => [["foo", "bar"], ["baz", "quux"]]

After:

ActionDispatch::QueryParser.each_pair("foo=bar;baz=quux").to_a
# => [["foo", "bar;baz=quux"]]

Rafael Mendonça França

Remove deprecated support to skipping over leading brackets in parameter names in the parameter parser.

Before:

ActionDispatch::ParamBuilder.from_query_string("[foo]=bar") # => { "foo" => "bar" }
ActionDispatch::ParamBuilder.from_query_string("[foo][bar]=baz") # => { "foo" => { "bar" => "baz" } }

After:

ActionDispatch::ParamBuilder.from_query_string("[foo]=bar") # => { "[foo]" => "bar" }
ActionDispatch::ParamBuilder.from_query_string("[foo][bar]=baz") # => { "[foo]" => { "bar" => "baz" } }

Rafael Mendonça França

Deprecate Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.ignore_leading_brackets.

Rafael Mendonça França
Raise ActionController::TooManyRequests error from ActionController::RateLimiting

Requests that exceed the rate limit raise an ActionController::TooManyRequests error.
By default, Action Dispatch rescues the error and responds with a 429 Too Many Requests status.

Sean Doyle

Add .md/.markdown as Markdown extensions and add a default markdown: renderer:

class Page
  def to_markdown
    body
  end
end

class PagesController < ActionController::Base
  def show
    @page = Page.find(params[:id])

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html
      format.md { render markdown: @page }
    end
  end
end

DHH

Add headers to engine routes inspection command

Petrik de Heus
Add "Copy as text" button to error pages

Mikkel Malmberg
Add scope: option to rate_limit method.

Previously, it was not possible to share a rate limit count between several controllers, since the count was by
default separate for each controller.

Now, the scope: option solves this problem.
```
class APIController < ActionController::API
  rate_limit to: 2, within: 2.seconds, scope: "api"
end

class API::PostsController < APIController
  # ...
end

class API::UsersController < APIController
  # ...
end
```
ArthurPV, Kamil Hanus
Add support for rack.response_finished callbacks in ActionDispatch::Executor.

The executor middleware now supports deferring completion callbacks to later
in the request lifecycle by utilizing Rack's rack.response_finished mechanism,
when available. This enables applications to define rack.response_finished callbacks
that may rely on state that would be cleaned up by the executor's completion callbacks.

Adrianna Chang, Hartley McGuire
Produce a log when rescue_from is invoked.

Steven Webb, Jean Boussier

Allow hosts redirects from hosts Rails configuration

config.action_controller.allowed_redirect_hosts << "example.com"

Kevin Robatel

rate_limit.action_controller notification has additional payload

additional values: count, to, within, by, name, cache_key

Jonathan Rochkind
Add JSON support to the built-in health controller.

The health controller now responds to JSON requests with a structured response
containing status and timestamp information. This makes it easier for monitoring
tools and load balancers to consume health check data programmatically.
```
# /up.json
{
  "status": "up",
  "timestamp": "2025-09-19T12:00:00Z"
}
```
Francesco Loreti, Juan Vásquez
Allow to open source file with a crash from the browser.

Igor Kasyanchuk
Always check query string keys for valid encoding just like values are checked.

Casper Smits
Always return empty body for HEAD requests in PublicExceptions and
DebugExceptions.

This is required by Rack::Lint (per RFC9110).

Hartley McGuire

Add comprehensive support for HTTP Cache-Control request directives according to RFC 9111.

Provides a request.cache_control_directives object that gives access to request cache directives:

# Boolean directives
request.cache_control_directives.only_if_cached?  # => true/false
request.cache_control_directives.no_cache?        # => true/false
request.cache_control_directives.no_store?        # => true/false
request.cache_control_directives.no_transform?    # => true/false

# Value directives
request.cache_control_directives.max_age          # => integer or nil
request.cache_control_directives.max_stale        # => integer or nil (or true for valueless max-stale)
request.cache_control_directives.min_fresh        # => integer or nil
request.cache_control_directives.stale_if_error   # => integer or nil

# Special helpers for max-stale
request.cache_control_directives.max_stale?         # => true if max-stale present (with or without value)
request.cache_control_directives.max_stale_unlimited? # => true only for valueless max-stale

Example usage:

def show
  if request.cache_control_directives.only_if_cached?
    @article = Article.find_cached(params[:id])
    return head(:gateway_timeout) if @article.nil?
  else
    @article = Article.find(params[:id])
  end

  render :show
end

egg528

Add assert_in_body/assert_not_in_body as the simplest way to check if a piece of text is in the response body.

DHH
Include cookie name when calculating maximum allowed size.

Hartley McGuire

Implement must-understand directive according to RFC 9111.

The must-understand directive indicates that a cache must understand the semantics of the response status code, or discard the response. This directive is enforced to be used only with no-store to ensure proper cache behavior.

class ArticlesController < ApplicationController
  def show
    @article = Article.find(params[:id])

    if @article.special_format?
      must_understand
      render status: 203 # Non-Authoritative Information
    else
      fresh_when @article
    end
  end
end

heka1024

The JSON renderer doesn't escape HTML entities or Unicode line separators anymore.

Using render json: will no longer escape <, >, &, U+2028 and U+2029 characters that can cause errors
when the resulting JSON is embedded in JavaScript, or vulnerabilities when the resulting JSON is embedded in HTML.

Since the renderer is used to return a JSON document as application/json, it's typically not necessary to escape
those characters, and it improves performance.

Escaping will still occur when the :callback option is set, since the JSON is used as JavaScript code in this
situation (JSONP).

You can use the :escape option or set config.action_controller.escape_json_responses to true to restore the
escaping behavior.
```
class PostsController < ApplicationController
  def index
    render json: Post.last(30), escape: true
  end
end
```
Étienne Barrié, Jean Boussier
Load lazy route sets before inserting test routes

Without loading lazy route sets early, we miss after_routes_loaded callbacks, or risk
invoking them with the test routes instead of the real ones if another load is triggered by an engine.

Gannon McGibbon
Raise AbstractController::DoubleRenderError if head is called after rendering.

After this change, invoking head will lead to an error if response body is already set:
```
class PostController < ApplicationController
  def index
    render locals: {}
    head :ok
  end
end
```
Iaroslav Kurbatov
The Cookie Serializer can now serialize an Active Support SafeBuffer when using message pack.

Such code would previously produce an error if an application was using messagepack as its cookie serializer.
```
class PostController < ApplicationController
  def index
    flash.notice = t(:hello_html) # This would try to serialize a SafeBuffer, which was not possible.
  end
end
```
Edouard Chin
Fix Rails.application.reload_routes! from clearing almost all routes.

When calling Rails.application.reload_routes! inside a middleware of
a Rake task, it was possible under certain conditions that all routes would be cleared.
If ran inside a middleware, this would result in getting a 404 on most page you visit.
This issue was only happening in development.

Edouard Chin

Add resource name to the ArgumentError that's raised when invalid :only or :except options are given to #resource or #resources

This makes it easier to locate the source of the problem, especially for routes drawn by gems.

Before:

:only and :except must include only [:index, :create, :new, :show, :update, :destroy, :edit], but also included [:foo, :bar]

After:

Route `resources :products` - :only and :except must include only [:index, :create, :new, :show, :update, :destroy, :edit], but also included [:foo, :bar]

Jeremy Green

A route pointing to a non-existing controller now returns a 500 instead of a 404.

A controller not existing isn't a routing error that should result
in a 404, but a programming error that should result in a 500 and
be reported.

Until recently, this was hard to untangle because of the support
for dynamic :controller segment in routes, but since this is
deprecated and will be removed in Rails 8.1, we can now easily
not consider missing controllers as routing errors.

Jean Boussier
Add check_collisions option to ActionDispatch::Session::CacheStore.

Newly generated session ids use 128 bits of randomness, which is more than
enough to ensure collisions can't happen, but if you need to harden sessions
even more, you can enable this option to check in the session store that the id
is indeed free you can enable that option. This however incurs an extra write
on session creation.

Shia
In ExceptionWrapper, match backtrace lines with built templates more often,
allowing improved highlighting of errors within do-end blocks in templates.
Fix for Ruby 3.4 to match new method labels in backtrace.

Martin Emde

Allow setting content type with a symbol of the Mime type.

# Before
response.content_type = "text/html"

# After
response.content_type = :html

Petrik de Heus

Active Job

Add structured events for Active Job:
- active_job.enqueued
- active_job.bulk_enqueued
- active_job.started
- active_job.completed
- active_job.retry_scheduled
- active_job.retry_stopped
- active_job.discarded
- active_job.interrupt
- active_job.resume
- active_job.step_skipped
- active_job.step_started
- active_job.step
Adrianna Chang
Deprecate built-in sidekiq adapter.

If you're using this adapter, upgrade to sidekiq 7.3.3 or later to use the sidekiq gem's adapter.

fatkodima
Remove deprecated internal SuckerPunch adapter in favor of the adapter included with the sucker_punch gem.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove support to set ActiveJob::Base.enqueue_after_transaction_commit to :never, :always and :default.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated Rails.application.config.active_job.enqueue_after_transaction_commit.

Rafael Mendonça França
ActiveJob::Serializers::ObjectSerializers#klass method is now public.

Custom Active Job serializers must have a public #klass method too.
The returned class will be index allowing for faster serialization.

Jean Boussier

Allow jobs to the interrupted and resumed with Continuations

A job can use Continuations by including the ActiveJob::Continuable
concern. Continuations split jobs into steps. When the queuing system
is shutting down jobs can be interrupted and their progress saved.

class ProcessImportJob
  include ActiveJob::Continuable

  def perform(import_id)
    @import = Import.find(import_id)

    # block format
    step :initialize do
      @import.initialize
    end

    # step with cursor, the cursor is saved when the job is interrupted
    step :process do |step|
      @import.records.find_each(start: step.cursor) do |record|
        record.process
        step.advance! from: record.id
      end
    end

    # method format
    step :finalize

    private
      def finalize
        @import.finalize
      end
  end
end

Donal McBreen

Defer invocation of ActiveJob enqueue callbacks until after commit when
enqueue_after_transaction_commit is enabled.

Will Roever
Add report: option to ActiveJob::Base#retry_on and #discard_on

When the report: option is passed, errors will be reported to the error reporter
before being retried / discarded.

Andrew Novoselac
Accept a block for ActiveJob::ConfiguredJob#perform_later.

This was inconsistent with a regular ActiveJob::Base#perform_later.

fatkodima
Raise a more specific error during deserialization when a previously serialized job class is now unknown.

ActiveJob::UnknownJobClassError will be raised instead of a more generic
NameError to make it easily possible for adapters to tell if the NameError
was raised during job execution or deserialization.

Earlopain

Action Mailer

Add structured events for Action Mailer:
- action_mailer.delivered
- action_mailer.processed
Gannon McGibbon
Add deliver_all_later to enqueue multiple emails at once.
```
user_emails = User.all.map { |user| Notifier.welcome(user) }
ActionMailer.deliver_all_later(user_emails)

# use a custom queue
ActionMailer.deliver_all_later(user_emails, queue: :my_queue)
```
This can greatly reduce the number of round-trips to the queue datastore.
For queue adapters that do not implement the enqueue_all method, we
fall back to enqueuing email jobs indvidually.

fatkodima

Action Cable

Allow passing composite channels to ActionCable::Channel#stream_for – e.g. stream_for [ group, group.owner ]

hey-leon
Allow setting nil as subscription connection identifier for Redis.

Nguyen Nguyen

Active Storage

Add structured events for Active Storage:
- active_storage.service_upload
- active_storage.service_download
- active_storage.service_streaming_download
- active_storage.preview
- active_storage.service_delete
- active_storage.service_delete_prefixed
- active_storage.service_exist
- active_storage.service_url
- active_storage.service_mirror
Gannon McGibbon

Allow analyzers and variant transformer to be fully configurable

# ActiveStorage.analyzers can be set to an empty array:
config.active_storage.analyzers = []
# => ActiveStorage.analyzers = []

# or use custom analyzer:
config.active_storage.analyzers = [ CustomAnalyzer ]
# => ActiveStorage.analyzers = [ CustomAnalyzer ]

If no configuration is provided, it will use the default analyzers.

You can also disable variant processor to remove warnings on startup about missing gems.

config.active_storage.variant_processor = :disabled

zzak, Alexandre Ruban

Remove deprecated :azure storage service.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove unnecessary calls to the GCP metadata server.

Calling Google::Auth.get_application_default triggers an explicit call to
the metadata server - given it was being called for significant number of
file operations, it can lead to considerable tail latencies and even metadata
server overloads. Instead, it's preferable (and significantly more efficient)
that applications use:
```
Google::Apis::RequestOptions.default.authorization = Google::Auth.get_application_default(...)
```
In the cases applications do not set that, the GCP libraries automatically determine credentials.

This also enables using credentials other than those of the associated GCP
service account like when using impersonation.

Alex Coomans
Direct upload progress accounts for server processing time.

Jeremy Daer

Delegate ActiveStorage::Filename#to_str to #to_s

Supports checking String equality:

filename = ActiveStorage::Filename.new("file.txt")
filename == "file.txt" # => true
filename in "file.txt" # => true
"file.txt" == filename # => true

Sean Doyle

A Blob will no longer autosave associated Attachment.

This fixes an issue where a record with an attachment would have
its dirty attributes reset, preventing your after commit callbacks
on that record to behave as expected.

Note that this change doesn't require any changes on your application
and is supposed to be internal. Active Storage Attachment will continue
to be autosaved (through a different relation).

Edouard-chin

Action Mailbox

Add reply_to_address extension method on Mail::Message.

Mr0grog

Action Text

De-couple @rails/actiontext/attachment_upload.js from Trix.Attachment

Implement @rails/actiontext/index.js with a direct-upload:progress event
listeners and Promise resolution.

Sean Doyle

Capture block content for form helper methods

<%= rich_textarea_tag :content, nil do %>
  <h1>hello world</h1>
<% end %>
<!-- <input type="hidden" name="content" id="trix_input_1" value="&lt;h1&gt;hello world&lt;/h1&gt;"/><trix-editor … -->

<%= rich_textarea :message, :content, input: "trix_input_1" do %>
  <h1>hello world</h1>
<% end %>
<!-- <input type="hidden" name="message[content]" id="trix_input_1" value="&lt;h1&gt;hello world&lt;/h1&gt;"/><trix-editor … -->

<%= form_with model: Message.new do |form| %>
  <%= form.rich_textarea :content do %>
    <h1>hello world</h1>
  <% end %>
<% end %>
<!-- <form action="/messages" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="message[content]" id="message_content_trix_input_message" value="&lt;h1&gt;hello world&lt;/h1&gt;"/><trix-editor … -->

Sean Doyle

Generalize :rich_text_area Capybara selector

Prepare for more Action Text-capable WYSIWYG editors by making
:rich_text_area rely on the presence of [role="textbox"] and
[contenteditable] HTML attributes rather than a <trix-editor> element.

Sean Doyle

Forward fill_in_rich_text_area options to Capybara

fill_in_rich_textarea "Rich text editor", id: "trix_editor_1", with: "Hello world!"

Sean Doyle

Attachment upload progress accounts for server processing time.

Jeremy Daer
The Trix dependency is now satisfied by a gem, action_text-trix, rather than vendored
files. This allows applications to bump Trix versions independently of Rails
releases. Effectively this also upgrades Trix to >= 2.1.15.

Mike Dalessio
Change ActionText::RichText#embeds assignment from before_save to before_validation

Sean Doyle

Railties

Suggest bin/rails action_text:install from Action Dispatch error page

Sean Doyle
Remove deprecated STATS_DIRECTORIES.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated bin/rake stats command.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated rails/console/methods.rb file.

Rafael Mendonça França
Don't generate system tests by default.

Rails scaffold generator will no longer generate system tests by default. To enable this pass --system-tests=true or generate them with bin/rails generate system_test name_of_test.

Eileen M. Uchitelle
Optionally skip bundler-audit.

Skips adding the bin/bundler-audit & config/bundler-audit.yml if the gem is not installed when bin/rails app:update runs.

Passes an option to --skip-bundler-audit when new apps are generated & adds that same option to the --minimal generator flag.

Jill Klang
Show engine routes in /rails/info/routes as well.

Petrik de Heus
Exclude asset_path configuration from Kamal deploy.yml for API applications.

API applications don't serve assets, so the asset_path configuration in deploy.yml
is not needed and can cause 404 errors on in-flight requests. The asset_path is now
only included for regular Rails applications that serve assets.

Saiqul Haq
Reverted the incorrect default config.public_file_server.headers config.

If you created a new application using Rails 8.1.0.beta1, make sure to regenerate
config/environments/production.rb, or to manually edit the config.public_file_server.headers
configuration to just be:
```
# Cache assets for far-future expiry since they are all digest stamped.
config.public_file_server.headers = { "cache-control" => "public, max-age=#{1.year.to_i}" }
```
Jean Boussier
Add command rails credentials:fetch PATH to get the value of a credential from the credentials file.
```
$ bin/rails credentials:fetch kamal_registry.password
```
Matthew Nguyen, Jean Boussier
Generate static BCrypt password digests in fixtures instead of dynamic ERB expressions.

Previously, fixtures with password digest attributes used <%= BCrypt::Password.create("secret") %>,
which regenerated the hash on each test run. Now generates a static hash with a comment
showing how to recreate it.

Nate Smith, Cassia Scheffer
Broaden the .gitignore entry when adding a credentials key to ignore all key files.

Greg Molnar
Remove unnecessary ruby-version input from ruby/setup-ruby

TangRufus
Add --reset option to bin/setup which will call db:reset as part of the setup.

DHH
Add RuboCop cache restoration to RuboCop job in GitHub Actions workflow templates.

Lovro Bikić
Skip generating mailer-related files in authentication generator if the application does
not use ActionMailer

Rami Massoud

Introduce bin/ci for running your tests, style checks, and security audits locally or in the cloud.

The specific steps are defined by a new DSL in config/ci.rb.

ActiveSupport::ContinuousIntegration.run do
  step "Setup", "bin/setup --skip-server"
  step "Style: Ruby", "bin/rubocop"
  step "Security: Gem audit", "bin/bundler-audit"
  step "Tests: Rails", "bin/rails test test:system"
end

Optionally use gh-signoff to
set a green PR status - ready for merge.

Jeremy Daer, DHH

Generate session controller tests when running the authentication generator.

Jerome Dalbert
Add bin/bundler-audit and config/bundler-audit.yml for discovering and managing known security problems with app gems.

DHH
Rails no longer generates a bin/bundle binstub when creating new applications.

The bin/bundle binstub used to help activate the right version of bundler.
This is no longer necessary as this mechanism is now part of Rubygem itself.

Edouard Chin
Add a SessionTestHelper module with sign_in_as(user) and sign_out test helpers when
running rails g authentication. Simplifies authentication in integration tests.

Bijan Rahnema
Rate limit password resets in authentication generator

This helps mitigate abuse from attackers spamming the password reset form.

Chris Oliver
Update rails new --minimal option

Extend the --minimal flag to exclude recently added features:
skip_brakeman, skip_ci, skip_docker, skip_kamal, skip_rubocop, skip_solid and skip_thruster.

eelcoj
Add application-name metadata to application layout

The following metatag will be added to app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
```
<meta name="application-name" content="Name of Rails Application">
```
Steve Polito
Use secret_key_base from ENV or credentials when present locally.

When ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] or
Rails.application.credentials.secret_key_base is set for test or
development, it is used for the Rails.config.secret_key_base,
instead of generating a tmp/local_secret.txt file.

Petrik de Heus
Introduce RAILS_MASTER_KEY placeholder in generated ci.yml files

Steve Polito
Colorize the Rails console prompt even on non standard environments.

Lorenzo Zabot
Don't enable YJIT in development and test environments

Development and test environments tend to reload code and redefine methods (e.g. mocking),
hence YJIT isn't generally faster in these environments.

Ali Ismayilov, Jean Boussier
Only include PermissionsPolicy::Middleware if policy is configured.

Petrik de Heus

Guides

In the Active Job bug report template set the queue adapter to the
test adapter so that assert_enqueued_with can pass.

Andrew White
Ensure all bug report templates set config.secret_key_base to avoid
generation of tmp/local_secret.txt files when running the report template.

Andrew White

8.1.0.rc1

2025-10-15T00:50:43Z

Active Support

Remove deprecated passing a Time object to Time#since.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated Benchmark.ms method. It is now defined in the benchmark gem.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated addition for Time instances with ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated support for to_time to preserve the system local time. It will now always preserve the receiver
timezone.

Rafael Mendonça França
Deprecate config.active_support.to_time_preserves_timezone.

Rafael Mendonça França
Standardize event name formatting in assert_event_reported error messages.

The event name in failure messages now uses .inspect (e.g., name: "user.created")
to match assert_events_reported and provide type clarity between strings and symbols.
This only affects tests that assert on the failure message format itself.

George Ma
Fix Enumerable#sole to return the full tuple instead of just the first element of the tuple.

Olivier Bellone
Fix parallel tests hanging when worker processes die abruptly.

Previously, if a worker process was killed (e.g., OOM killed, kill -9) during parallel
test execution, the test suite would hang forever waiting for the dead worker.

Joshua Young
Add config.active_support.escape_js_separators_in_json.

Introduce a new framework default to skip escaping LINE SEPARATOR (U+2028) and PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR (U+2029) in JSON.

Historically these characters were not valid inside JavaScript literal strings but that changed in ECMAScript 2019.
As such it's no longer a concern in modern browsers: https://caniuse.com/mdn-javascript_builtins_json_json_superset.

Étienne Barrié, Jean Boussier
Fix NameError when class_attribute is defined on instance singleton classes.

Previously, calling class_attribute on an instance's singleton class would raise
a NameError when accessing the attribute through the instance.
```
object = MyClass.new
object.singleton_class.class_attribute :foo, default: "bar"
object.foo # previously raised NameError, now returns "bar"
```
Joshua Young
Introduce ActiveSupport::Testing::EventReporterAssertions#with_debug_event_reporting
to enable event reporter debug mode in tests.

The previous way to enable debug mode is by using #with_debug on the
event reporter itself, which is too verbose. This new helper will help
clear up any confusion on how to test debug events.

Gannon McGibbon
Add ActiveSupport::StructuredEventSubscriber for consuming notifications and
emitting structured event logs. Events may be emitted with the #emit_event
or #emit_debug_event methods.
```
class MyStructuredEventSubscriber < ActiveSupport::StructuredEventSubscriber
  def notification(event)
    emit_event("my.notification", data: 1)
  end
end
```
Adrianna Chang
ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker does not depend on Time.now to prevent unecessary reloads with time travel test helpers

Jan Grodowski

Active Model

Add reset_token: { expires_in: ... } option to has_secure_password.

Allows configuring the expiry duration of password reset tokens (default remains 15 minutes for backwards compatibility).
```
has_secure_password reset_token: { expires_in: 1.hour }
```
Jevin Sew, Abeid Ahmed

Active Record

Add replicas to test database parallelization setup.

Setup and configuration of databases for parallel testing now includes replicas.

This fixes an issue when using a replica database, database selector middleware,
and non-transactional tests, where integration tests running in parallel would select
the base test database, i.e. db_test, instead of the numbered parallel worker database,
i.e. db_test_{n}.

Adam Maas
Support virtual (not persisted) generated columns on PostgreSQL 18+

PostgreSQL 18 introduces virtual (not persisted) generated columns,
which are now the default unless the stored: true option is explicitly specified on PostgreSQL 18+.
```
create_table :users do |t|
  t.string :name
  t.virtual :lower_name,  type: :string,  as: "LOWER(name)", stored: false
  t.virtual :name_length, type: :integer, as: "LENGTH(name)"
end
```
Yasuo Honda
Optimize schema dumping to prevent duplicate file generation.

ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.dump_all now tracks which schema files
have already been dumped and skips dumping the same file multiple times.
This improves performance when multiple database configurations share the
same schema dump path.

Mikey Gough, Hartley McGuire
Add structured events for Active Record:
- active_record.strict_loading_violation
- active_record.sql
Gannon McGibbon

Add support for integer shard keys.

# Now accepts symbols as shard keys.
ActiveRecord::Base.connects_to(shards: {
  1: { writing: :primary_shard_one, reading: :primary_shard_one },
  2: { writing: :primary_shard_two, reading: :primary_shard_two},
})

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: 1) do
  # ..
end

Nony Dutton

Add ActiveRecord::Base.only_columns

Similar in use case to ignored_columns but listing columns to consider rather than the ones
to ignore.

Can be useful when working with a legacy or shared database schema, or to make safe schema change
in two deploys rather than three.

Anton Kandratski
Use PG::Connection#close_prepared (protocol level Close) to deallocate
prepared statements when available.

To enable its use, you must have pg >= 1.6.0, libpq >= 17, and a PostgreSQL
database version >= 17.

Hartley McGuire, Andrew Jackson
Fix query cache for pinned connections in multi threaded transactional tests

When a pinned connection is used across separate threads, they now use a separate cache store
for each thread.

This improve accuracy of system tests, and any test using multiple threads.

Heinrich Lee Yu, Jean Boussier
Fix time attribute dirty tracking with timezone conversions.

Time-only attributes now maintain a fixed date of 2000-01-01 during timezone conversions,
preventing them from being incorrectly marked as changed due to date shifts.

This fixes an issue where time attributes would be marked as changed when setting the same time value
due to timezone conversion causing internal date shifts.

Prateek Choudhary
Skip calling PG::Connection#cancel in cancel_any_running_query
when using libpq >= 18 with pg < 1.6.0, due to incompatibility.
Rollback still runs, but may take longer.

Yasuo Honda, Lars Kanis
Don't add id_value attribute alias when attribute/column with that name already exists.

Rob Lewis

Action View

The BEGIN template annotation/comment was previously printed on the same line as the following element. We now insert a newline inside the comment so it spans two lines without adding visible whitespace to the HTML output to enhance readability.

Before:
```
<p>This is grand!</p>
```
After:
```
<p>This is grand!</p>
```
Emmanuel Hayford
Add structured events for Action View:
- action_view.render_template
- action_view.render_partial
- action_view.render_layout
- action_view.render_collection
- action_view.render_start
Gannon McGibbon
Fix label with for option not getting prefixed by form namespace value

Abeid Ahmed, Hartley McGuire
Add fetchpriority to Link headers to match HTML generated by preload_link_tag.

Guillermo Iguaran

Action Pack

Add link-local IP ranges to ActionDispatch::RemoteIp default proxies.

Link-local addresses (169.254.0.0/16 for IPv4 and fe80::/10 for IPv6)
are now included in the default trusted proxy list, similar to private IP ranges.

Adam Daniels
remote_ip will no longer ignore IPs in X-Forwarded-For headers if they
are accompanied by port information.

Duncan Brown, Prevenios Marinos, Masafumi Koba, Adam Daniels
Add action_dispatch.verbose_redirect_logs setting that logs where redirects were called from.

Similar to active_record.verbose_query_logs and active_job.verbose_enqueue_logs, this adds a line in your logs that shows where a redirect was called from.

Example:
```
Redirected to http://localhost:3000/posts/1
↳ app/controllers/posts_controller.rb:32:in `block (2 levels) in create'
```
Dennis Paagman

Add engine route filtering and better formatting in bin/rails routes.

Allow engine routes to be filterable in the routing inspector, and
improve formatting of engine routing output.

Before:

> bin/rails routes -e engine_only
No routes were found for this grep pattern.
For more information about routes, see the Rails guide: https://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html.

After:

> bin/rails routes -e engine_only
Routes for application:
No routes were found for this grep pattern.
For more information about routes, see the Rails guide: https://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html.

Routes for Test::Engine:
Prefix Verb URI Pattern       Controller#Action
engine GET  /engine_only(.:format) a#b

Dennis Paagman, Gannon McGibbon

Add structured events for Action Pack and Action Dispatch:
- action_dispatch.redirect
- action_controller.request_started
- action_controller.request_completed
- action_controller.callback_halted
- action_controller.rescue_from_handled
- action_controller.file_sent
- action_controller.redirected
- action_controller.data_sent
- action_controller.unpermitted_parameters
- action_controller.fragment_cache
Adrianna Chang
URL helpers for engines mounted at the application root handle SCRIPT_NAME correctly.

Fixed an issue where SCRIPT_NAME is not applied to paths generated for routes in an engine
mounted at "/".

Mike Dalessio

Update ActionController::Metal::RateLimiting to support passing method names to :by and :with

class SignupsController < ApplicationController
  rate_limit to: 10, within: 1.minute, with: :redirect_with_flash

  private
    def redirect_with_flash
      redirect_to root_url, alert: "Too many requests!"
    end
end

Sean Doyle

Optimize ActionDispatch::Http::URL.build_host_url when protocol is included in host.

When using URL helpers with a host that includes the protocol (e.g., { host: "https://example.com" }),
skip unnecessary protocol normalization and string duplication since the extracted protocol is already
in the correct format. This eliminates 2 string allocations per URL generation and provides a ~10%
performance improvement for this case.

Joshua Young, Hartley McGuire
Allow action_controller.logger to be disabled by setting it to nil or false instead of always defaulting to Rails.logger.

Roberto Miranda

Active Job

Add structured events for Active Job:
- active_job.enqueued
- active_job.bulk_enqueued
- active_job.started
- active_job.completed
- active_job.retry_scheduled
- active_job.retry_stopped
- active_job.discarded
- active_job.interrupt
- active_job.resume
- active_job.step_skipped
- active_job.step_started
- active_job.step
Adrianna Chang

Action Mailer

Add structured events for Action Mailer:
- action_mailer.delivered
- action_mailer.processed
Gannon McGibbon

Action Cable

No changes.

Active Storage

Add structured events for Active Storage:
- active_storage.service_upload
- active_storage.service_download
- active_storage.service_streaming_download
- active_storage.preview
- active_storage.service_delete
- active_storage.service_delete_prefixed
- active_storage.service_exist
- active_storage.service_url
- active_storage.service_mirror
Gannon McGibbon

Allow analyzers and variant transformer to be fully configurable

# ActiveStorage.analyzers can be set to an empty array:
config.active_storage.analyzers = []
# => ActiveStorage.analyzers = []

# or use custom analyzer:
config.active_storage.analyzers = [ CustomAnalyzer ]
# => ActiveStorage.analyzers = [ CustomAnalyzer ]

If no configuration is provided, it will use the default analyzers.

You can also disable variant processor to remove warnings on startup about missing gems.

config.active_storage.variant_processor = :disabled

zzak, Alexandre Ruban

Action Mailbox

No changes.

Action Text

De-couple @rails/actiontext/attachment_upload.js from Trix.Attachment

Implement @rails/actiontext/index.js with a direct-upload:progress event
listeners and Promise resolution.

Sean Doyle

Capture block content for form helper methods

<%= rich_textarea_tag :content, nil do %>
  <h1>hello world</h1>
<% end %>
<!-- <input type="hidden" name="content" id="trix_input_1" value="&lt;h1&gt;hello world&lt;/h1&gt;"/><trix-editor … -->

<%= rich_textarea :message, :content, input: "trix_input_1" do %>
  <h1>hello world</h1>
<% end %>
<!-- <input type="hidden" name="message[content]" id="trix_input_1" value="&lt;h1&gt;hello world&lt;/h1&gt;"/><trix-editor … -->

<%= form_with model: Message.new do |form| %>
  <%= form.rich_textarea :content do %>
    <h1>hello world</h1>
  <% end %>
<% end %>
<!-- <form action="/messages" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="message[content]" id="message_content_trix_input_message" value="&lt;h1&gt;hello world&lt;/h1&gt;"/><trix-editor … -->

Sean Doyle

Generalize :rich_text_area Capybara selector

Prepare for more Action Text-capable WYSIWYG editors by making
:rich_text_area rely on the presence of [role="textbox"] and
[contenteditable] HTML attributes rather than a <trix-editor> element.

Sean Doyle

Railties

Suggest bin/rails action_text:install from Action Dispatch error page

Sean Doyle
Remove deprecated STATS_DIRECTORIES.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated bin/rake stats command.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated rails/console/methods.rb file.

Rafael Mendonça França
Don't generate system tests by default.

Rails scaffold generator will no longer generate system tests by default. To enable this pass --system-tests=true or generate them with bin/rails generate system_test name_of_test.

Eileen M. Uchitelle
Optionally skip bundler-audit.

Skips adding the bin/bundler-audit & config/bundler-audit.yml if the gem is not installed when bin/rails app:update runs.

Passes an option to --skip-bundler-audit when new apps are generated & adds that same option to the --minimal generator flag.

Jill Klang
Show engine routes in /rails/info/routes as well.

Petrik de Heus
Exclude asset_path configuration from Kamal deploy.yml for API applications.

API applications don't serve assets, so the asset_path configuration in deploy.yml
is not needed and can cause 404 errors on in-flight requests. The asset_path is now
only included for regular Rails applications that serve assets.

Saiqul Haq
Reverted the incorrect default config.public_file_server.headers config.

If you created a new application using Rails 8.1.0.beta1, make sure to regenerate
config/environments/production.rb, or to manually edit the config.public_file_server.headers
configuration to just be:
```
# Cache assets for far-future expiry since they are all digest stamped.
config.public_file_server.headers = { "cache-control" => "public, max-age=#{1.year.to_i}" }
```
Jean Boussier

Guides

No changes.

8.0.3

2025-09-22T22:19:48Z

Active Support

ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker does not depend on Time.now to prevent unnecessary reloads with time travel test helpers

Jan Grodowski
Fix ActiveSupport::BroadcastLogger from executing a block argument for each logger (tagged, info, etc.).

Jared Armstrong
Make ActiveSupport::Logger #freeze-friendly.

Joshua Young
Fix ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess#transform_keys! removing defaults.

Hartley McGuire
Fix ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess#tranform_keys! to handle collisions.

If the transformation would result in a key equal to another not yet transformed one,
it would result in keys being lost.

Before:
```
>> {a: 1, b: 2}.with_indifferent_access.transform_keys!(&:succ)
=> {"c" => 1}
```
After:
```
>> {a: 1, b: 2}.with_indifferent_access.transform_keys!(&:succ)
=> {"c" => 1, "d" => 2}
```
Jason T Johnson, Jean Boussier
Fix ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore#read_multi to handle network errors.

This method specifically wasn't handling network errors like other codepaths.

Alessandro Dal Grande
Fix configuring RedisCacheStore with raw: true.

fatkodima
Fix Enumerable#sole for infinite collections.

fatkodima

Active Model

Fix has_secure_password to perform confirmation validation of the password even when blank.

The validation was incorrectly skipped when the password only contained whitespace characters.

Fabio Sangiovanni

Active Record

Fix query cache for pinned connections in multi threaded transactional tests

When a pinned connection is used across separate threads, they now use a separate cache store
for each thread.

This improve accuracy of system tests, and any test using multiple threads.

Heinrich Lee Yu, Jean Boussier
Don't add id_value attribute alias when attribute/column with that name already exists.

Rob Lewis
Fix false positive change detection involving STI and polymorphic has one relationships.

Polymorphic has_one relationships would always be considered changed when defined in a STI child
class, causing nedless extra autosaves.

David Fritsch
Skip calling PG::Connection#cancel in cancel_any_running_query
when using libpq >= 18 with pg < 1.6.0, due to incompatibility.
Rollback still runs, but may take longer.

Yasuo Honda, Lars Kanis
Fix stale association detection for polymorphic belongs_to.

Florent Beaurain, Thomas Crambert
Fix removal of PostgreSQL version comments in structure.sql for latest PostgreSQL versions which include \restrict

Brendan Weibrecht
Allow setting schema_format in database configuration.
```
primary:
  schema_format: ruby
```
Useful in multi-database setups to have different formats per-database.

T S Vallender
Use ntuples to populate row_count instead of count for Postgres

Jonathan Calvert

Fix #merge with #or or #and and a mixture of attributes and SQL strings resulting in an incorrect query.

base = Comment.joins(:post).where(user_id: 1).where("recent = 1")
puts base.merge(base.where(draft: true).or(Post.where(archived: true))).to_sql

Before:

SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments"
INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."id" = "comments"."post_id"
WHERE (recent = 1)
AND (
  "comments"."user_id" = 1
  AND (recent = 1)
  AND "comments"."draft" = 1
  OR "posts"."archived" = 1
)

After:

SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments"
INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."id" = "comments"."post_id"
WHERE "comments"."user_id" = 1
AND (recent = 1)
AND (
  "comments"."user_id" = 1
  AND (recent = 1)
  AND "comments"."draft" = 1
  OR "posts"."archived" = 1
)

Joshua Young

Fix inline has_and_belongs_to_many fixtures for tables with composite primary keys.

fatkodima
Fix migration log message for down operations.

Bernardo Barreto
Prepend extra_flags in postgres' structure_load

When specifying structure_load_flags with a postgres adapter, the flags
were appended to the default flags, instead of prepended.
This caused issues with flags not being taken into account by postgres.

Alice Loeser
Fix annotate comments to propagate to update_all/delete_all.

fatkodima
Fix checking whether an unpersisted record is include?d in a strictly
loaded has_and_belongs_to_many association.

Hartley McGuire
create_or_find_by will now correctly rollback a transaction.

When using create_or_find_by, raising a ActiveRecord::Rollback error
in a after_save callback had no effect, the transaction was committed
and a record created.

Edouard Chin
Gracefully handle Timeout.timeout firing during connection configuration.

Use of Timeout.timeout could result in improperly initialized database connection.

This could lead to a partially configured connection being used, resulting in various exceptions,
the most common being with the PostgreSQLAdapter raising undefined method 'key?' for nil
or TypeError: wrong argument type nil (expected PG::TypeMap).

Jean Boussier
Fix stale state for composite foreign keys in belongs_to associations.

Varun Sharma

Action View

Fix label with for option not getting prefixed by form namespace value

Abeid Ahmed, Hartley McGuire
Fix javascript_include_tag type option to accept either strings and symbols.
```
javascript_include_tag "application", type: :module
javascript_include_tag "application", type: "module"
```
Previously, only the string value was recognized.

Jean Boussier
Fix excerpt helper with non-whitespace separator.

Jonathan Hefner

Action Pack

URL helpers for engines mounted at the application root handle SCRIPT_NAME correctly.

Fixed an issue where SCRIPT_NAME is not applied to paths generated for routes in an engine
mounted at "/".

Mike Dalessio
Fix Rails.application.reload_routes! from clearing almost all routes.

When calling Rails.application.reload_routes! inside a middleware of
a Rake task, it was possible under certain conditions that all routes would be cleared.
If ran inside a middleware, this would result in getting a 404 on most page you visit.
This issue was only happening in development.

Edouard Chin

Address rack 3.2 deprecations warnings.

warning: Status code :unprocessable_entity is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Rack.
Please use :unprocessable_content instead.

Rails API will transparently convert one into the other for the foreseeable future.

Earlopain, Jean Boussier

Support hash-source in Content Security Policy.

madogiwa
Always return empty body for HEAD requests in PublicExceptions and
DebugExceptions.

This is required by Rack::Lint (per RFC9110).

Hartley McGuire

Active Job

Include the actual Active Job locale when serializing rather than I18n locale.

Adrien S
Fix retry_job instrumentation when using :test adapter for Active Job.

fatkodima

Action Mailer

No changes.

Action Cable

Fixed compatibility with redis gem 5.4.1

Jean Boussier
Fixed a possible race condition in stream_from.

OuYangJinTing

Active Storage

Address deprecation of Aws::S3::Object#upload_stream in ActiveStorage::Service::S3Service.

Joshua Young
Fix config.active_storage.touch_attachment_records to work with eager loading.

fatkodima

Action Mailbox

No changes.

Action Text

Add rollup-plugin-terser as a dev dependency.

Édouard Chin

Railties

Fix polymorphic_url and polymorphic_path not working when routes are not loaded.

Édouard Chin
Fix Rails console to not override user defined IRB_NAME.

Only change the prompt name if it hasn't been customized in .irbrc.

Jarrett Lusso

Guides

No changes.