Note

$ w3c-validator tests/data/testcases-html5.html
validating: tests/data/testcases-html5.html ...
error: line 822: The tt element is obsolete. Use CSS instead.
error: line 829: The tt element is obsolete. Use CSS instead.
error: line 838: The tt element is obsolete. Use CSS instead.

$ w3c-validator http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/layout1.css
validating: http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/layout1.css ...

Important

Important

Note

• The merge starting point is the current snapshot (the snapshot attached to the Current State). You can change the current snapshot using the VirtualBox GUI Restore Snapshot command.
• Depending on the number and size of your snapshots this process can take quite a long time (the 13 snapshot merge I quoted previously took around three hours).
• After merging all snapshots the current state will also be merged into the base VDI. If this is not what you want you should include the --discard-currentstate option.

Use sdelete, for example to zero all unused space on drive C:

sdelete.exe -c C:

A zeroing utility for ext2 and ext3 file systems is zerofree written by Ron Yorston. Your file system must be unmounted or mounted read-only before using this utility.

C:\> cd C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\sdk\install
C:\> C:\Python26\python.exe vboxapisetup.py install

>>> import vboxapi
>>> vb = vboxapi.VirtualBoxManager(None,None)

>>> for m in vb.getArray(vb.vbox,'machines'):
...     print m.name, m.id
...

Important

#!/usr/bin/env python
'''
vboxmerge.py - Merge VirtualBox snapshots into base VDI

Run 'python vboxmerge.py --help' to display command options.

Written by Stuart Rackham, <[email protected]>
Copyright (C) 2010 Stuart Rackham. Free use of this software is
granted under the terms of the MIT License.
'''
import os, sys
import vboxapi
import pywintypes

PROG = os.path.basename(__file__)
VERSION = '0.1.1'
VBOX = vboxapi.VirtualBoxReflectionInfo(False)  # VirtualBox constants.


def out(fmt, *args):
    if not OPTIONS.quiet:
        sys.stdout.write((fmt % args))

def die(msg, exitcode=1):
    OPTIONS.quiet = False
    out('ERROR: %s\n', msg)
    sys.exit(exitcode)

def runcmd(async_cmd, *args):
    '''
    Run the bound asynchronous method async_cmd with arguments args.
    Display progress and return once the command has completed.
    If an error occurs print the error and exit the program.
    '''
    if not OPTIONS.dryrun:
        try:
            progress = async_cmd(*args)
            while not progress.completed:
                progress.waitForCompletion(30000)   # Update progress every 30 seconds.
                out('%s%% ', progress.percent)
            out('\n')
        except pywintypes.com_error, e:
            die(e.args[2][2])   # Print COM error textual description and exit.

def vboxmerge(machine_name):
    '''
    Merge snapshots using global OPTIONS.
    '''
    vbm = vboxapi.VirtualBoxManager(None, None)
    vbox = vbm.vbox
    try:
        mach = vbox.findMachine(machine_name)
    except pywintypes.com_error:
        die('machine not found: %s' % machine_name)
    out('\nmachine: %s: %s\n', mach.name, mach.id)
    if mach.state != VBOX.MachineState_PoweredOff:
        die('machine must be powered off')
    session = vbm.mgr.getSessionObject(vbox)
    vbox.openSession(session, mach.id)
    try:
        snap = mach.currentSnapshot
        if snap:

            if OPTIONS.discard_currentstate:
                out('\ndiscarding current machine state\n')
                runcmd(session.console.restoreSnapshot, snap)

            skip = int(OPTIONS.skip)
            count = int(OPTIONS.count)
            while snap:
                parent = snap.parent
                if skip <= 0 and count > 0:
                    out('\nmerging: %s: %s\n', snap.name, snap.id)
                    runcmd(session.console.deleteSnapshot, snap.id)

                    # The deleteSnapshot API sometimes silently skips snapshots
                    # so test to make sure the snapshot is no longer valid.
                    try: snap.id
                    except pywintypes.com_error: pass
                    else:
                        if not OPTIONS.dryrun:
                            die('%s: %s: more than one child VDI' % (snap.name, snap.id))

                    count -= 1
                snap = parent
                skip -= 1
        else:
            out('no snapshots\n')

        if OPTIONS.snapshot:
            # Create a base snapshot.
            out('\ncreating base snapshot\n')
            runcmd(session.console.takeSnapshot, 'Base', 'Created by vboxmerge')

        if OPTIONS.compact:
            # Compact the base VDI.
            for attachment in mach.mediumAttachments:
                if attachment.type == VBOX.DeviceType_HardDisk:
                    base = attachment.medium.base
                    if base.type == VBOX.MediumType_Normal:
                        out('\ncompacting base VDI: %s\n', base.name)
                        runcmd(base.compact)
    finally:
        session.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    description = '''Merge VirtualBox snapshots into base VDI. MACHINE is the machine name.'''
    from optparse import OptionParser
    parser = OptionParser(usage='%prog [OPTIONS] MACHINE',
        version='%s %s' % (PROG,VERSION),
        description=description)
    parser.add_option('--skip', dest='skip',
        help='skip most recent N snapshots', metavar='N', default=0)
    parser.add_option('--count', dest='count',
        help='only merge N snapshots', metavar='N', default=1000)
    parser.add_option('-q', '--quiet',
        action='store_true', dest='quiet', default=False,
        help='do not display progress messages')
    parser.add_option('-n', '--dryrun',
        action='store_true', dest='dryrun', default=False,
        help='do nothing except display what would be done')
    parser.add_option( '--compact',
        action='store_true', dest='compact', default=False,
        help='compact the base VDI')
    parser.add_option( '--snapshot',
        action='store_true', dest='snapshot', default=False,
        help='create base snapshot')
    parser.add_option( '--discard-currentstate',
        action='store_true', dest='discard_currentstate', default=False,
        help='discard the current state of the MACHINE')
    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
        parser.parse_args(['--help'])
    global OPTIONS
    (OPTIONS, args) = parser.parse_args()
    vboxmerge(args[0])

Note

$ python sms.py 64912345667 "Hello World"
ID: 26a8147fa04ed9fj2a9ad125c55cee00

$ sms.py -s 26a8147fa04ed9fj2a9ad125c55cee00
apiMsgId: 26a8147fa04ed9fj2a9ad125c55cee00 charge: 0.8 status: 004
(received by recipient)

$ python sms.py -b
Credit: 204.900

$ python sms.py --help

NAME
    sms.py - Send SMS message

SYNOPSIS
    sms.py PHONE MESSAGE
    sms.py -s MSGID
    sms.py -b | -l

DESCRIPTION
    A simple Python command-line script to send SMS messages using
    Clickatell's HTTP API (see http://clickatell.com).
    Records messages log in /home/srackham/sms.log
    Reads configuration parameters from /home/srackham/.sms.conf

OPTIONS
    -s MSGID
        Query message delivery status.

    -b
        Query account balance.

    -l
        List message log file using /usr/bin/less.

    -p
        List phone book.

AUTHOR
    Written by Stuart Rackham, 

COPYING
    Copyright (C) 2010 Stuart Rackham. Free use of this software is
    granted under the terms of the MIT License.

{
  "USERNAME":  "foobar",
  "PASSWORD":  "secret",
  "API_ID":    "123456",
  "SENDER_ID": "+64912345678",
  "PHONE_BOOK": {
    "tom":   "+64 21 1234 5678",
    "dick":  "+61 25 1234 567",
    "harry": "+64 9 1234 346"
  }
}

#!/usr/bin/env python

# A simple Python command-line script to send SMS messages using
# Clickatell's HTTP API (see http://clickatell.com).

'''
NAME
    %(prog)s - Send SMS message

SYNOPSIS
    %(prog)s PHONE MESSAGE
    %(prog)s -s MSGID
    %(prog)s -b | -l

DESCRIPTION
    A simple Python command-line script to send SMS messages using
    Clickatell's HTTP API (see http://clickatell.com).
    Records messages log in %(log)s
    Reads configuration parameters from %(conf)s

OPTIONS
    -s MSGID
        Query message delivery status.

    -b
        Query account balance.

    -l
        List message log file using %(pager)s.

    -p
        List phone book.

AUTHOR
    Written by Stuart Rackham, <[email protected]>

COPYING
    Copyright (C) 2010 Stuart Rackham. Free use of this software is
    granted under the terms of the MIT License.
'''
VERSION = '0.2.4'

import urllib
import os, sys, time, re
import simplejson as json

# Clickatell account configuration parameters.
# Create a separate configuration file named `.sms.conf` in your `$HOME`
# directory. The configuration file is single JSON formatted object with the
# same attributes and attribute types as the default CONF variable below.
# Alternatively you could dispense with the configuration file and edit the
# values in the CONF variable below.
CONF = {
    'USERNAME': '',
    'PASSWORD': '',
    'API_ID': '',
    'SENDER_ID': '',  # Your registered mobile phone number.
    'PHONE_BOOK': {},
}


PROG = os.path.basename(__file__)
HOME = os.environ.get('HOME', os.environ.get('HOMEPATH',
       os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))))
LOG_FILE = os.path.join(HOME,'sms.log')
CONF_FILE = os.path.join(HOME,'.sms.conf')
if os.path.isfile(CONF_FILE):
    CONF = json.load(open(CONF_FILE))
SENDER_ID = CONF['SENDER_ID']
PHONE_BOOK = CONF['PHONE_BOOK']
PAGER = os.environ.get('PAGER','less')

# URL query string parameters.
QUERY = {'user': CONF['USERNAME'], 'password': CONF['PASSWORD'],
          'api_id': CONF['API_ID'], 'concat': 3}

# Clickatell status messages.
MSG_STATUS = {
    '001': 'message unknown',
    '002': 'message queued',
    '003': 'delivered to gateway',
    '004': 'received by recipient',
    '005': 'error with message',
    '007': 'error delivering message',
    '008': 'OK',
    '009': 'routing error',
    '012': 'out of credit',
}

# Retrieve Clickatell account balance.
def account_balance():
    return http_cmd('getbalance')

# Query the status of a previously sent message.
def message_status(msgid):
    QUERY['apimsgid'] = msgid
    result = http_cmd('getmsgcharge')
    result += ' (' + MSG_STATUS.get(result[-3:],'') + ')'
    return result

# Strip number punctuation and check the number is not obviously illegal.
def sanitize_phone_number(number):
    result = re.sub(r'[+ ()-]', '', number)
    if not re.match(r'^\d+$', result):
        print 'illegal phone number: %s' % number
        exit(1)
    return result

# Send text message. The recipient phone number can be a phone number
# or the name of a phone book entry.
def send_message(text, to):
    if to in PHONE_BOOK:
        name = to
        to = PHONE_BOOK[to]
    else:
        name = None
    to = sanitize_phone_number(to)
    sender_id = sanitize_phone_number(SENDER_ID)
    if sender_id.startswith('64') and to.startswith('6427'):
        # Use local number format if sending to Telecom NZ mobile from a NZ
        # number (to work around Telecom NZ blocking NZ originating messages
        # from Clickatell).
        sender_id = '0' + sender_id[2:]
    QUERY['from'] = sender_id
    QUERY['to'] = to
    QUERY['text'] = text
    result = http_cmd('sendmsg')
    now = time.localtime(time.time())
    if name:
        to += ': ' + name
    print >>open(LOG_FILE, 'a'), \
        'to:     %s\nfrom:   %s\ndate:   %s\nresult: %s\ntext:   %s\n' % \
        (to, sender_id, time.asctime(now), result, text)
    return result

# Execute Clickatell HTTP command.
def http_cmd(cmd):
    url = 'http://api.clickatell.com/http/' + cmd
    query = urllib.urlencode(QUERY)
    file = urllib.urlopen(url, query)
    result = file.read()
    file.close()
    return result

if __name__ == '__main__':
    argc = len(sys.argv)
    if argc == 3:
        if sys.argv[1] == '-s':
            print message_status(sys.argv[2])
        else:
            print send_message(sys.argv[2], sys.argv[1])
    elif argc == 2 and sys.argv[1] == '-b':
        print account_balance()
    elif argc == 2 and sys.argv[1] == '-l': # View log file.
        os.system(PAGER + ' ' + LOG_FILE)
    elif argc == 2 and sys.argv[1] == '-p': # List phone book.
        for i in PHONE_BOOK.items():
            print '%s: %s' % i
    else:
        print __doc__ % {'prog':PROG,'log':LOG_FILE,'conf':CONF_FILE,'pager':PAGER}