In Step with NATO Summit, Turing Europe Launches in The Hague to Support Europe’s Digital Resilience
2025/06/10
The Hague, Netherlands – 10 June 2025 – Turing Europe, the EU headquarters of a global cybersecurity innovator Turing Space specializing in eID and digital credentials, has officially launched operations in The Hague. This move addresses the accelerating demand for digital trust, self-sovereign identity (SSI), and cross-border verification frameworks essential for today’s interconnected environment. The launch coincides with the 2025 NATO Summit, held in the same city, reflecting Europe’s broader agenda to strengthen cyber resilience, data sovereignty, and critical infrastructure protection.
Turing Europe delivers tamper-proof, interoperable, and privacy-centric credentialing solutions that empower public institutions and high-stakes sectors across the EU to verify identities, qualifications, and compliance in real–time while maintaining transparency and embedding privacy-by-design principles.
“As geopolitical tensions rise and cyber threats grow more complex, European nations are under increasing pressure to establish interoperable and sovereign digital ecosystems,” said Jeff Hu, Founder and CEO of Turing Europe. “We are committed to bridging these gaps by partnering with key stakeholders, alliances, and authorities, enabling seamless cross-border cooperation and building a foundation of mutual trust to support the continent’s security, economic resilience, and democratic values.”
A Seamless Landing in the Netherlands
This European expansion was supported by the Netherlands Foreign Investment Agency (NFIA) and the Invest in Holland network, including Municipality of The Hague, InnovationQuarter, and Security Delta (HSD), guiding Turing Europe’s initial market exploration to support the company’s incorporation. The Netherlands’ standing as a digital innovation gateway combined with its progressive governance frameworks made The Hague the ideal hub for Turing Europe’s continental operations.
“The Dutch ecosystem warmly embraces trust technology frontrunners like Turing Europe, whose mission aligns with our national priorities of resilience and digital innovation,” commented Hilde van der Meer, Commissioner NFIA.“
Advancing NATO-aligned Innovation to Forge Europe’s Trusted Digital Future
As NATO member states continue to elevate priorities around cybersecurity, digital identity, and defense preparedness, Turing Europe is well-positioned to act as a critical enabler in this dynamic context. Its platform supports the secure issuance and instant authentication of academic credentials, personnel records, and transnational certifications, ensuring efficient, safe, and sovereign management of essential data flows.
Having deployed solutions across sectors such as education, healthcare, finance, and local government authorities, Turing has operated in over a dozen countries and counts prestigious clients including UC Berkeley and the World Health Organization. The company’s European debut underscores its dedication to scalable, decentralised public infrastructure that empowers individuals, organisations, and governments to navigate the digital era with confidence, trust, and inclusivity.
Media Contact｜[email protected]
What is a Digital Signature? Secure Your Information with Encryption & a 6-Step Signing Process
2024/6/30
In the digital era, securing electronic documents and transactions is crucial to prevent fraud and unauthorized access. Digital signatures are cryptographic security measures that authenticate the identity of the signer and ensure the integrity of documents.
Table of contents
I. What is a Digital Signature? Is it Legally Recognized?
- A. Definition of a Digital Signature
- B. How Digital Signatures Work
- C. 3 Key Legal Elements of a Digital Signature
II. Digital vs. Electronic Signatures: What’s the Difference?
III. How Do Digital Signatures Work? Encryption & Signing Process
- A. Introduction to the principles of digital signature
- B. Step-by-Step Guide to Apply a Digital Signature
IV. Turing Certs: The Most Secure Digital Signature Solution
I. What is a Digital Signature? Is it Legally Recognized?
A. Definition of a Digital Signature
Digital Signature is an anti-counterfeiting method that can verify the authenticity of digital credentials such as electronic documents and electronic certificates.
According to Article 2, Item 3 of Taiwan’s “Electronic Signatures Act” by the Ministry of Digital Affairs, a “digital signature” refers to a type of electronic signature created using mathematical algorithms or other cryptographic methods to generate a specific length of digital data encrypted with the signatory’s private key. It can be verified using a public key and is supported by a certificate issued by a certification authority.
To simplify, the digital signature is a way of signing e-documents. It is encrypted with the “private key” that belongs to the document owner. When others receive a digitally signed document, they can use the ‘public key’ to verify the signature. If the verification is correct, it can prove that the original owner truly signed the document and that the contents have not been tampered with or forged.
If you see an e-document as an official printed letter, a digital signature is a seal that can prove the letter’s authenticity.
B. How Digital Signatures Work
There are 3 main functions of digital signature:
- Ensure the identity of the signer: Digital signatures can authenticate the identity of the signer to ensure that the signer of an e-document is the actual owner or authorizer of the document.
- Keep the security and integrity of document content: Digital signatures can maintain the integrity of e–document content and prevent it from being tampered with or omitted.
- Avoid contract disputes: A legally valid digital signature can protect the rights and interests of both parties and prevent either party from repudiating the contract.
C. 3 Key Legal Elements of a Digital Signature
To be legally valid, a digital signature must meet three criteria:
- Verifiability – Must be issued by a recognized Certification Authority (CA).
- Full Presentability – Must be readable and accessible in any format or device.
- Mutual Agreement – Both parties must consent to digitally sign the document.
II. Digital vs. Electronic Signatures: What’s the Difference?
The most common way to sign a document is to sign it with a physical handwritten signature. However, paper documents are not only easily damaged and not conducive to archiving, but also have low security. Therefore, with the development of digital documents, handwritten signatures have gradually been transformed into electronic signatures and digital signatures.
Digital signature is a type of electronic signature, but the two have different meanings.
The electronic signature covers a wide range, as long as it is in electronic form, i.e. the signatures generated through digitizing can be considered as electronic signatures. Common forms include text, images, symbols, etc. Scanned documents of handwritten signatures are also counted as electronic signatures.
Digital signatures refer specifically to the signature generated by encryption algorithm technology.
The biggest difference between digital and electronic signatures is security. Digital signatures use algorithms, encryption technology, and third-party certification authorities to enhance security and credibility, while electronic signatures lack the guarantee of these certificates.
📌Table of Digital and Electronic Signature Differences
| Digital signature | Electronic signature | |
| Security | Highest | Lower |
| Verification method | Key encryption technology | Electronic format |
| Application Scenarios | E-commerce, financial operations, e-certificates, government documents, etc. | Emails, contracts, agreements, etc. |
III. How Do Digital Signatures Work? Encryption & Signing Process
A. Introduction to the principles of digital signature
a. Encryption Methods: Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Cryptography
Digital signatures and digital documents are based on the same encryption principle, but the execution method is slightly different.
Digital signature uses asymmetric cryptography to sign documents with a private key and verify signatures with a public key. Besides digital signature, asymmetric cryptography can also be applied to digital credentials, which encrypts the document with the public key (lock) and decrypts the document with the private key (unlock).
- Symmetric Encryption: One lock matches one key. The key for encryption and decryption is the same. Thus, if you lock with key A, you can only open with key A.
- Asymmetric Encryption: The key that encrypts and decrypts is not the same, but a pair of different public and private keys. Use public key A to lock, but use private key B to open. The private key is not publicly available, so it can be used to decrypt or sign files.
b. RSA
RSA is one of the most widely used asymmetric encryption algorithms for digital signatures, secure email, and online banking. It was developed at MIT in 1977 and remains a critical security standard.
B. Step-by-Step Guide to Apply a Digital Signature
a. How to Obtain & Use a Digital Signature
Follow these six essential steps to securely sign digital documents:
STEP 1. Apply for a Digital Certificate from a Certification Authority (CA).
STEP 2. The CA confirms the applicant’s identity.
STEP 3. Receive Your Private-Public Key Pair linked to your verified identity.
STEP 4. Digitally Sign Documents using the private key.
STEP 5. The CA issues the credential to the applicant.
STEP 6. Recipients confirm authenticity using the public key.
b. Security Precautions for Digital Signatures
Even the most secure encryption methods are vulnerable to cyber threats. Here’s how to safeguard your digitally signed documents:
- Use a trusted Certification Authority (CA) for issuing digital certificates.
- Ensure public key & identity binding to prevent unauthorized access.
- Store private keys securely to prevent cyberattacks.
- Verify signed documents before accepting them to avoid fraudulent transactions.
IV. Turing Certs: The Most Secure Digital Signature Solution
Turing Space is a TrustTech startup founded by Jeff Hu in 2020, dedicating to addressing the complexity of certifications among industries worldwide. We build up a borderless digital trust network with blockchain technology, advancing global digital transformation, aiming to become the cornerstone of international trust transmission.
With Turing Certs, you can gain a variety of e-document services:
✅Large-quantity, quick credential creation and issuance
✅Sign digital credentials
✅Effectively manage digital credentials
✅One-stop rental management with reasonable prices
✅ Verifiable information and immutable blockchain records
✅ Strictly verified digital credentials for enhanced information security
✅Provide real-person customer service support so that even novices in digital tools can adapt quickly
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Turing Space Secures Over 3M USD in Strategic Round to Accelerate Global Expansion in Digital Identity
2024/11/13
Taipei, Taiwan – November 13, 2024 – Turing Space, a leading TrustTech innovator dedicated to addressing complex verification challenges across industries worldwide, announced the successful completion of its strategic funding round, raising over 3 million USD. The funds will drive R&D in digital identity infrastructure and fuel expansion across Taiwan, Japan, and Europe, deepening global partnerships and advancing its mission to build a borderless digital trust network.
In 2024, Turing Space restructured its U.S. holdings, consolidated operations in Japan and Taiwan, and launched a new office in Germany. This funding will support technology development, talent acquisition, and market expansion. In Taiwan, the focus remains on enhancing user experience, while in Japan, Turing Space aims to foster more cross-border verification solutions. In Europe, through initiatives like Digital Product Passport (DPP) and digital identity solutions, the company is pursuing collaborations with major enterprises in Switzerland, Germany, and the Netherlands to strengthen EU partnerships.
The global identity verification market is projected to exceed USD 82.73 billion by 2036, with a CAGR of over 16.5%, according to Research Nester. Ted Wen, Chairman of lead investor Profederal, stated, “The Profederal Platform is committed to elevating the knowledge value within Asia’s service industry. Companies like Turing Space, with a strong focus on knowledge-driven services, align well with our priorities for support. The founders of Turing Space bring both talent and ambition, coupled with a bold vision for global market expansion, which further strengthens our resolve to offer guidance. Beyond funding, our platform will provide additional resources to help Tuning Space accelerate its growth and seize the opportunities of the emerging digital era.”
Jeff Hu, Founder and CEO of Turing Space, remarked, “This milestone brings us closer to becoming a global leader in trust technology. Thanks to our growing community of supporters across industries, this year we completed two nation level projects: Turing Facts and the Turing Green renewable energy certificate declaration platform. Turing Space is now advancing beyond certificate issuance and verification, laying the groundwork for digital identity infrastructure.” He added, “Our partnership with Dai Nippon Printing (DNP) to establish the Asia Pacific Digital Identity Consortium (APDI) has positioned Turing Space as a technology integrator in the international market. We will continue developing cross-border digital identity applications to bridge trust between Taiwan and the world.”
About Turing Space
Turing Space is a TrustTech startup founded by Jeff Hu in 2020, dedicating to addressing the complexity of certifications among industries worldwide. We build up a borderless digital trust network with blockchain technology, advancing global digital transformation, aiming to become the cornerstone of international trust transmission. For more information, please visit our website.
Media Contact｜[email protected]
How do we develop digital trust in the era of AI? A look at future trends from the White Paper “Future TRUST Proposal 2028”
2024/7/2
As artificial intelligence (AI) drives rapid advancements in various technologies, trust is gradually becoming the cornerstone of digital transformation. The latest white paper, “Future TRUST Proposal 2028” released by Turing Space, delves into building trust among people in an increasingly AI-driven world and examines the impact of future digital identities and digital credentials on global society.
Table of Contents
I. Digital Trust Challenges in the AI Era
- A. The Potential and Risk of AI Technology
- B. The Relationship Between Data Usage and Trust
- C. Public Skepticism and Operational Responsibility
II. The Necessity of Transnational Digital Identity
- A. Advantages of Digital Identity
- B. Addressing Resume Fraud
- C. Convenience for Global Business and Travel
- D. Responding to Geopolitical and Natural Crises
III. The Impact of Digital Credentials on a Sustainable Environment
IV. Download Today to Learn More about Future Trends
I. Digital Trust Challenges in the AI Era
A. The Potential and Risk of AI Technology
Rapid AI and machine learning development bring immense opportunities, such as automated production and personalized healthcare. However, it also causes some risks, for instance, digital fraud, identity theft, and data breaches. The complexity of AI technology makes it difficult for users to understand how their data is being used, which can affect the establishment of trust. The widespread application of these technologies requires transparent data processing procedures and robust security measures to ensure the safety and privacy of user data.
B. The Relationship Between Data Usage and Trust
Without strong digital trust, the application of AI in areas such as business processes, healthcare, and finance may be severely undermined by public skepticism and operational responsibility issues. According to data from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), insurance fraud in the United States results in losses of up to $306.7 billion annually.
C. Public Skepticism and Operational Responsibility
Transparency and accountability are key to building trust in the application of AI technology. Companies need to ensure transparency of data usage and take responsibility for any issues that may arise, to enhance public trust in AI technology.
II. The Necessity of Transnational Digital Identity
A. Advantages of Digital Identity
The widespread application of digital identity enhances transparency and credibility across various industries, laying the foundation for a global trust framework. By using multiple digital credentials to build an individual’s digital identity, it is possible to create a reliable multi-party trust network even in the presence of asymmetric information.
B. Addressing Resume Fraud
Resume fraud is a pressing issue that needs to be solved. According to an article by Apollo Technical, the U.S. Department of Labor estimates that the cost of a bad hire is approximately 30% of the employee’s first-year earnings. However, a digital identity system can effectively deal with this problem.
C. Convenience for Global Business and Travel
A borderless digital identity system allows global citizens to simplify the cumbersome verification processes of different countries, enabling them to move freely and seamlessly prove their identity. This facilitates the convenience of global business, travel, and remote work.
D. Responding to Geopolitical and Natural Crises
In a world where geopolitical and natural crises continually challenge global stability, a universally accepted digital identity system becomes crucial. Such a system can not only speed up aid during disasters but also protect the rights of displaced populations.
III. The Impact of Digital Credentials on a Sustainable Environment
A. Decreasing Paper Waste and Carbon Footprint
Traditional physical documents and paper consumption are not only costly but also put immense pressure on the environment. The widespread adoption of digital identity systems and digital certificates significantly reduces paper waste and carbon footprint, promoting global sustainable development.
B. Environmental Benefits of Green Operations
These technologies not only lower reliance on Earth’s resources but also realize the environmental benefits of green operations, aligning with the current global trend of businesses transitioning towards sustainability.
IV. Download Today to Learn More about Future Trends
This white paper demonstrates how digital innovation enhances information transparency and trust in a global society. It highlights the critical role these technologies play in the AI era and their impact on the environment. Promoting the adoption of borderless digital identities and digital credentials can ensure the security and verifiability of the digital world, laying a solid foundation of mutual trust for global sustainable development and the application of AI technology. As technology continues to advance, we look forward to a more transparent, fair, and sustainable digital future.
About Turing Space
Turing Space is a TrustTech startup founded by Jeff Hu in 2020, dedicating to addressing the complexity of certifications among industries worldwide. We build up a borderless digital trust network with blockchain technology, advancing global digital transformation, aiming to become the cornerstone of international trust transmission.
Media Contact｜[email protected]
What is a Carbon Footprint? How to Calculate, Reduce, and Optimize Your Environmental Impact
2024/6/30
What is a carbon footprint? Carbon footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the life cycle of an activity or product. This article will begin by analyzing the formula for calculating a carbon footprint. Next, it will compare the differences between product carbon footprints and carbon reduction labels. Finally, it will share practical methods and paperless professional services for individuals and enterprises to reduce carbon footprint and implement the goals of energy conservation and carbon reduction!
Table of contents
I. Understanding Carbon Footprint and Why It Matters
II. How to Calculate a Carbon Footprint? Key Sources and Formulas
- A. Three Main Carbon Footprint Sources
- B. Understanding of 3 key terms
- C. Common methods for calculating carbon footprint
IV. How to Reduce the Carbon Footprint? Practical Strategies for Individuals and Businesses
- A. 4 Ways Individuals Can Reduce Their Carbon Footprint
- B. 5 Ways Businesses Can Lower Their Carbon Footprint
V. Turing Certs, the best solution to reduce carbon footprints!
I. Understanding Carbon Footprint and Why It Matters
A carbon footprint represents the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced directly or indirectly by an individual, business, product, or event. Measured in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e), the carbon footprint reflects the impact of human activities on climate change.
Rising GHG emissions contribute to global warming, extreme weather events, sea level rise, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem disruptions. To combat this, reducing carbon footprints is essential for sustainable development.
II. How to Calculate a Carbon Footprint? Key Sources and Formulas
A. Three Main Carbon Footprint Sources
The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines classify carbon footprints into three categories:
- Direct GHG Emissions
- Emissions from fuel combustion, vehicles, and industrial activities.
- Example: Driving a car, using natural gas for cooking, or refrigerant leaks.
- Indirect GHG Emissions
- Emissions from purchased electricity, heat, or steam used by companies or individuals.
- Example: Running air conditioners, refrigerators, and office equipment.
- Other Indirect Emissions
- Emissions linked to a supply chain, including product transportation, commuting, and waste disposal.
- Example: Carbon footprint from logistics, employee business travel, and raw material sourcing.
The following table shows an easy view of the carbon footprints produced by individuals, companies, and products, as well as the sources of the carbon footprints so that everyone can better understand the types of carbon footprints:
| Personal Carbon Footprint | Corporate Carbon Footprint | Product Carbon Footprint | |
| Direct GHG Emission | driving a car | Refuel the official car
Refrigerant filling | Burning petrochemical fuels in product manufacturing |
| Indirect GHG Emission | Turn on the air conditioner | Air conditioning in the company
Printer, computer electricity Lighting and electricity consumption | Product production requires the consumption of electricity or other energy |
| Other Indirect Emissions | Shopping consumption
Entertainment activities | Garbage and Waste Disposal
Employees commuting or traveling for work | The process by which the product is used
Product disposal or recycling |
B. Understanding of 3 key terms
a. Carbon Equivalent (CO2e) / Carbon Reduction Equivalent (CRE)
Carbon Equivalent (CO2e) is the basic unit for calculating carbon footprint. As there are many different types of greenhouse gases, and they all have different persistence times in the atmosphere and different effects on global warming, it would be easier to standardize the data of all types of greenhouse gases to “carbon dioxide” for comparison, statistics, and calculations.
If carbon equivalent is the unit used to calculate the increase in greenhouse gases, carbon reduction equivalent is the unit used to calculate the decrease in greenhouse gases, both of which use carbon equivalent (CO²e) as the basic unit.
Hypothetically, if a tree can absorb 20 kilograms of carbon dioxide, then we would say that the carbon reduction equivalent of planting a tree is 20 kilograms of CO²e.
b. Activity data
In carbon footprint calculations, activity data refers to the greenhouse gas emissions generated by people’s activities and each stage of products’ life cycles.
For example, calculating the carbon footprint of “buying a cup of coffee” might include the following activity data:
- Coffee bean quantity
- Water used
- Electricity used
- Distance traveled by raw materials and products
- Weight of waste
c. Emission Factor
The emission factor refers to the amount of GHG emissions corresponding to each unit of activity data, usually in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO²e).
For example, the Ministry of Environment, R.O.C. published a 112-year electricity carbon emission factor, the carbon emission per kilowatt hour of electricity consumption is 0.464 kg CO²e.
If you want to know the emission factor of greenhouse gas emissions in Taiwan during the preparation, production, or use of certain raw materials, you can go to the “Carbon Footprint Information Platform” and understand various carbon footprint emission factors.
C. Common methods for calculating carbon footprint
In Taiwan, the “Emission Factor Method” introduced earlier is usually used to calculate carbon footprint, mainly based on raw material or fuel activity data required to make the product, multiplied by a specific emission factor, you will get the greenhouse gas emissions, which is also the carbon footprint.
- Carbon footprint calculation formula: Activity Data × Emission Factor = Carbon Footprint
For example, the production process of producing 1 ton of steel bars uses 1,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity. As mentioned above, the carbon emission per kilowatt hour of electricity consumption is 0.464 kg CO²e. Then the carbon footprint of the production of 1 ton of steel bars can be calculated as follows:
- Carbon footprint = 1,000 kWh (activity data) × 0.464 kg CO²e (emission factor) = 464 kg CO²e
Should you wish to calculate your personal carbon footprint, since it is difficult to calculate how much GHG is emitted in the production, manufacturing, and transportation of each items or services, you can use the “Carbon Footprint Calculation Sheet” or “Carbon Footprint Calculator” to help each of us quickly calculate how much greenhouse gases are produced in our lives!
III. What Are Carbon Labels?
A. Types of Carbon Labels
a. Carbon Footprint Label
Displays the total carbon emissions generated by a product or service from production to end-use. And requires verification from an independent third party.
b. Carbon Reduction Label
The carbon footprint reduction label is based on the carbon footprint label, and the enterprises commit to reducing the carbon footprint of their products and services by at least 3% within five years. After the relevant information of actual carbon reduction data is attached and submitted to the Ministry of Environment for review, those who pass it will be issued permission to use carbon reduction labels.
Taiwan’s “Carbon Footprint Label” and “Carbon Footprint Reduction Label” are very similar in design, but there are still some slight differences, which can be seen from the following comparison:
| Carbon Footprint Label (Source: Carbon Footprint Information Platform) | Carbon Footprint Reduction Label (Source: Carbon Footprint Information Platform) |
B. Benefits of Carbon Footprint Labels
a. For Consumers
Helps in choosing eco-friendly products that minimize environmental impact.
b. For Businesses
Enhances corporate social responsibility (CSR), government procurement advantages, and brand reputation.
IV. How to Reduce the Carbon Footprint? Practical Strategies for Individuals and Businesses
A. 4 Ways Individuals Can Reduce Their Carbon Footprint
a. Use Energy-Efficient Appliances
There are many high-energy-consumption household devices, such as stoves, air conditioners, refrigerators, etc. Choose those with the “Energy Efficiency Label”. These energy-efficient devices can reduce energy consumption and achieve the effect of lessening carbon emissions.
b. Minimize Food Waste
Food will bring a lot of GHG from the production and preparation of raw materials to transportation and cooking. According to the “2024 Food Waste Index Report“, in 2022, 1.05 billion tons of food will be wasted globally, and about 8 to 10% of global GHG emissions are due to food waste.
Therefore, if we can avoid food waste in our daily lives, try to buy seasonal or local ingredients, and minimize the large amounts of carbon emissions caused by transporting food over long distances, we can effectively reduce the carbon footprint of our personal lives.
c. Practice the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
Recycling waste and sending various recyclable materials to specialized facilities for processing and reusing can effectively decrease natural resource consumption and environmental pollution caused by trash incineration and landfills. This will also help to lower carbon emissions.
d. Opt for Public Transportation
Reduces carbon footprint by cutting down on fuel consumption per passenger.
B. 5 Ways Businesses Can Lower Their Carbon Footprint
a. Invest in Energy-Efficient Equipment
If various production equipment in the enterprise can purchase energy-efficient equipment, while the enterprise maintains stable production capacity, it can also lower energy consumption, effectively reduce carbon footprint, and also decrease production costs, achieving multiple benefits with one action!
b. Develop a Green Supply Chain
The majority of a corporation’s carbon footprint comes from the category of “indirect GHG emissions,” so it can choose to collaborate with suppliers that use renewable energy and have a lower carbon footprint, or seek improvements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with current suppliers. This helps connect upstream and downstream manufacturers to reduce their carbon footprint and create a sustainable supply chain.
c. Implement Office Sustainability Practices
By installing LED bulbs, encouraging recycling of copier paper, turning off lights, recycling recyclables, and so on in the office, companies can reduce carbon emissions from every ordinary action or trivial little detail to achieve the aim of energy conservation and carbon reduction.
d. Create a Carbon Inventory Report
The carbon footprint report is also known as the “carbon inventory report”. Based on the “Action Plan for Sustainable Development of Publicly Listed Companies” proposed by the Taiwan Financial Supervisory Commission, Publicly Listed Companies are Mandated to Conduct Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories and clearly list how much carbon emissions will be generated in all activities of producing products or providing services.
For enterprises, it requires extra time to record the carbon emissions of each process; however, regular carbon inventory can not only improve the public image of the enterprise, but also can analyze the cost through carbon inventory, which helps enterprises to control cost and reduce expenditure. At the same time, it indirectly helps to reduce the carbon footprint.
e. Go Paperless with Digital Transformation Solutions
Paperless refers to “reducing the usage of paper” in the work process. By minimizing the use of paper, enterprises can save on tree felling and water consumption. Furthermore, they can also lower the cost of recycling and regenerating waste paper, thus achieving the goal of being eco-friendly and reducing carbon emissions.
In addition, paperless management systems can also be used to help enterprises transform their work processes into online operations, gradually driving enterprises toward digital transformation.
V. Turing Certs, the best solution to reduce carbon footprints!
Turing Space is a TrustTech startup founded in 2020, dedicating to addressing the complexity of digital verification and managing issues among industries worldwide. We build up a borderless digital trust network with blockchain technology, advancing global digital transformation, aiming to become the cornerstone of international trust transmission.
Turing Certs have the following advantages and can effectively help companies reduce their carbon footprint:
- Reduce the carbon dioxide equivalent absorbed by approximately 195,000+ trees daily
- One-stop management, saving maintenance costs
- Create digital credentials to achieve paperless management
- The easy and fast issuance process saves the transportation cost of paper credentials.
- Not subject to space and time restrictions, credentials can be sent and received across borders.
- Use blockchain-based technology to prevent any possible fraud.
Media Contact｜[email protected]
What is InfoSec? Master the 3 Core Elements, 8 Major Threats, and Best Protection Strategies!
2024/6/30
What is information security (InfoSec)? This article will define InfoSec and introduce the three elements of InfoSec, CIA. Then tell how to plan an enterprise InfoSec strategy in 5 steps. Moreover, it will explain the 5 major infoSec protection mechanisms and 8 major InfoSec attack methods in depth. Finally, offer the best InfoSec solution!
Table of content
I. What is Information Security? The CIA Triad Explained
II. Advanced InfoSec Strategies for Enterprises
III. Five Types of Information Security to Strengthen Defense
- A. Cybersecurity
- B. System Security
- C. Application Security
- D. Cloud Security
- E. Data Encryption & Authentication
IV. Cyber Threats & InfoSec Protection Measures
V. Turing Certs, the best solution to information security issues!
I. What is Information Security? The CIA Triad Explained
A. Definition of InfoSec
Information security (InfoSec) refers to the mechanism and technology that help protect those sensitive assets. In the digital era, personal and business information is commonly uploaded to computers or backed up to the cloud. If the information is not properly and securely managed, malicious hackers can easily access, manipulate, and steal it. As a result, InfoSec becomes important.
B. The Three Core Elements of InfoSec: CIA
The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) first defined the three elements of information security in 1977: confidentiality, integrity, and availability, also known as #TheCIATriad.
Digital information management can only reach the foundation of information security if it meets these three key elements:
a. Confidentiality
Confidentiality ensures that sensitive digital information remains private and accessible only to authorized users. This prevents unauthorized individuals from viewing, modifying, or leaking data.
b. Integrity
Integrity guarantees that data remains complete, accurate, and tamper-proof, preventing unauthorized alterations or corruption.
c. Availability
Availability means that authorized users must be able to access and use data whenever needed, without delays or disruptions.
II. Advanced InfoSec Strategies for Enterprises
A. InfoSec Maturity Levels
Organizations can classify their information security risks into five levels:
| 分級 | 解說 | 舉例 |
| Level A | The business involves sensitive matters, including state confidentiality, national defense, national infrastructure, and public medical centers. | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of National Defense, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, etc. |
| Level B | The business involves municipal governments, public regional hospitals, and so on. | Taipei City Government,Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Central Bank, etc. |
| Level C | The business involves county and municipal governments, public regional hospitals, etc. | Hsinchu County Government, Academia Sinica,Industrial Technology Research Institute, etc. |
| Level D | The agency is independently responsible for managing digital information circulation, but does not maintain or operate the information communication system that it has set up and developed itself or outsourced. | Local police station, fire brigade, etc. |
| Level E | Organizations are not required to maintain their own information system hosts, and they may not have any information business needs, but they are still obligated to take measures to protect their information security. | Private schools,large corporation, SMEs, etc. |
B. 5 Steps to Implement Enterprise InfoSec Policies
Enterprises and organizations can grade their information security from A to E and follow the following 5 steps to plan their information security strategy:
Step 1: Conduct a Risk Assessment
Identify data vulnerabilities based on classification levels.
Step 2: Develop InfoSec Policies
Establish security standards and define digital access regulations.
Step 3: Deploy Security Technologies
Implement firewalls, credential management, and identity verification tools.
Step 4: Build a Security Culture
Conduct cybersecurity training to prevent human errors.
Step 5: Establish an Incident Response Plan
Define procedures to mitigate data breaches, ransomware, and hacking attacks.
III. Five Types of Information Security to Strengthen Defense
The scope of information security is quite broad and not limited to general digital information management. Information security can be divided into the following five categories according to the different application scenarios of digital technology:
A. Cybersecurity
Protects networks, servers, browsers, and web applications from unauthorized access, hacking, and malware.
B. System Security
Secures operating systems and enterprise software by patching vulnerabilities, preventing DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks, and securing authentication mechanisms.
C. Application Security
Focuses on securing apps and software by implementing penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, and encryption techniques.
D. Cloud Security
Ensures data privacy in cloud environments, preventing data leaks and unauthorized third-party access.
E. Data Encryption & Authentication
Uses blockchain-based credentialing, digital signatures, and cryptographic key management to secure identity verification and prevent data forgery.
IV. Cyber Threats & InfoSec Protection Measures
A. 8 Common Cyber Threats
It is crucial to understand the most common information security vulnerabilities and hacker attack methods. By recognizing these methods, we can enhance our information security awareness and minimize information security risks.
💀Phishing
To trick users into clicking on fake URLs and web pages to achieve certain malicious purposes, the attacker typically pretends to be an official organization or company and then sends the link via email or message.
💀Malware
Most malware contains malicious content, such as computer viruses and Trojan horses.As long as the user installs and starts the software, it will cause computer paralysis.Some attackers will use this to lock the user’s computer information and threaten the user to pay through the Internet. This software is called “Ransomware.”
💀Decentralized Denialing (DDoS)
The attacker will send a large number of data requests to prevent the server from functioning properly, thereby paralyzing the website and preventing users from entering or browsing normally.This attack method is called DDoS.
💀Zero-Day Vulnerability
Zero-day vulnerabilities are attacks carried out when a system has vulnerabilities but hasn’t been patched yet. This often occurs when the system is still under maintenance.
💀Password Attack
Password attacks are a common information security threat. Attackers steal or crack user passwords using various methods to achieve a malicious purpose.
💀Social Engineering Attack
Social engineering attacks exploit human psychology and weaknesses to coerce information users into leaking confidential information, ultimately breaching organizations’ and enterprises’ information security protections.
💀SQL Injection Attack (SQL Injection)
The attacker will insert SQL code containing malicious instructions into the input string. The system’s or application’s lack of design will cause it to be unable to detect problems in the characters, resulting in the malicious instructions being directly executed. This will paralyze the system or provide an opportunity to steal confidential information.
💀Cross-site Scripting Attack (XSS)
The attacker will inject malicious (JavaScript or HTML) code into a normal website. When other users browse the web, the website injected with the malicious code will automatically perform certain malicious purposes, such as importing other web pages and stealing user information.
B. Protection Products and Measures
As cyber threats continue to evolve, businesses must implement multi-layered information security protection to mitigate risks. Key security solutions include:
- Blocking unauthorized websites or software launches through network firewalls.
- Installing anti-ransomware software and intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to counter cyberattacks.
- Establishing a Virtual Private Network (VPN) to conceal digital footprints and enhance data privacy.
However, preventive measures alone are not enough. Proactive vulnerability assessment is essential to detect and address system weaknesses such as DDoS attacks, zero-day vulnerabilities, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. Regular vulnerability scanning and risk assessments help businesses identify security gaps and apply timely fixes to strengthen their defense.
Beyond technical defenses, businesses should obtain globally recognized information security certifications to validate their security measures. Certifications such as:
- ISO 27001 (International Standard for Information Security Management)
- SOC 2 (System and Organization Controls 2)
- GDPR Compliance (General Data Protection Regulation by the European Union)
These certifications demonstrate a commitment to data protection, compliance, and cybersecurity best practices, building trust with clients and stakeholders. Turing Certs has successfully obtained three major compliance certifications, ensuring the highest security standards for digital credentials.
One of the most fundamental security measures is encrypting cloud storage folders that manage sensitive data and credentials. Turing Certs provides encrypted digital certificates, ensuring secure credential management and safeguarding all critical information from potential cyber threats.
By implementing robust security solutions and obtaining international certifications, businesses can enhance data protection, prevent cyberattacks, and establish a trusted digital environment.
V. Turing Certs, the best solution to information security issues!
Turing Space is a TrustTech startup founded by Jeff Hu in 2020, dedicating to addressing the complexity of certifications among industries worldwide. We build up a borderless digital trust network with blockchain technology, advancing global digital transformation, aiming to become the cornerstone of international trust transmission.
Through Turing Certs, you can gain a variety of e-document and information security services:
✅ Large-quantity, quick credential creation and issuance
✅ Sign digital credentials
✅ Effectively manage digital credentials
✅ One-stop rental management with reasonable prices
✅ Verifiable information and immutable blockchain records
✅ Strictly verified digital credentials for enhanced information security
✅ Provide real-person customer service support so that even novices in digital tools can adapt quickly
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