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Chapter 8
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‎Ch8/address_book.py‎

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friend_emails = {
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"Anne": "[email protected]",
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"Brent": "[email protected]",
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"Dan": "[email protected]",
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"David": "[email protected]",
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"Fox": "[email protected]",
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"Jane": "[email protected]",
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"Kevin": "[email protected]",
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"Robert": "[email protected]"
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}
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def lookup_email(name):
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try:
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return friend_emails[name]
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except KeyError as e:
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print(f"<No entry for friend {e}>")
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name = input("Enter name to look up: ")
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email = lookup_email(name)
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print(f"Email: {email}")

‎Ch8/average.py‎

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def average(number_string):
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total = 0
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skip = 0
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values = 0
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for n in number_string.split():
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values += 1
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try:
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total += float(n)
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except ValueError:
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skip += 1
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if skip == values:
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raise ValueError("No valid numbers provided.")
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elif skip:
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print(f"<!> Skipped {skip} invalid values.")
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return total / values
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while True:
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try:
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line = input("Enter numbers (space delimiated):\n ")
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avg = average(line)
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print(avg)
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except ValueError:
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print("No valid numbers provided.")

‎Ch8/average_calculator.py‎

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from multiprocessing.sharedctypes import Value
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class AverageCalculator:
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def __init__(self):
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self.total = 0
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self.count = 0
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def __call__(self, *values):
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if values:
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for value in values:
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self.total += float(value)
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self.count += 1
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return self.total / self.count
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average = AverageCalculator()
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values = input("Enter scores, separated by spaces:\n ").split()
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try:
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print(f"Aviage is {average(*values)}")
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except ZeroDivisionError:
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print("ERROR: No values provided.")
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except (ValueError, UnicodeError):
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print("ERROR: All inputs should be numeric.")

‎Ch8/average_file.py‎

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from multiprocessing.sharedctypes import Value
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def average_file(path):
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file = open(path, 'r')
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try:
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numbers = [float(n) for n in file.readlines()]
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except ValueError as e:
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raise ValueError("File contains non-numeric values.") from e
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else:
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try:
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return sum(numbers) / len(numbers)
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except ZeroDivisionError as e:
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raise ValueError("Empty file.") from e
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finally:
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print("Closing file.")
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file.close()
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print(average_file('numbers_good.txt'))
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# print(average_file('numbers_bad.txt'))
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# print(average_file('numbers_empty.txt'))
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# print(average_file('nonexistant.txt'))

‎Ch8/average_string.py‎

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import math
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import math
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def average_string(number_string):
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try:
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numbers = [float(n) for n in number_string.split()]
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except ValueError:
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total = math.nan
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values = 1
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else:
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total = sum(numbers)
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values = len(numbers)
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try:
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average = total / values
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except ZeroDivisionError:
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average = math.inf
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return average
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while True:
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number_string = input("Enter space-delimited list of numbers:\n ")
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print(average_string(number_string))

‎Ch8/calculator.py‎

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import logging
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from operator import add, sub, mul, truediv
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import sys
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logging.basicConfig(filename='log.txt', level=logging.INFO)
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def calculator(a, b, op):
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a = float(a)
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b = float(b)
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if op == '+':
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return add(a, b)
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elif op == '-':
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return sub(a, b)
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elif op == '*':
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return mul(a, b)
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elif op == '/':
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return truediv(a, b)
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else:
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raise NotImplementedError(f"No operator {op}")
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print("""CALCULATOR
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Use postfix notation.
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Ctrl+C or Ctrl+D to quit.
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""")
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while True:
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try:
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equation = input(" ").split()
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result = calculator(*equation)
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print(result)
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except NotImplementedError as e:
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print("<!> Invalid operator.")
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logging.info(e)
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except ValueError as e:
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print("<!> Expected format: <A> <B> <OP>")
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logging.info(e)
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except TypeError as e:
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print("<!> Wrong number of arguments. Use: <A> <B> <OP>")
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logging.info(e)
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except ZeroDivisionError as e:
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print("<!> Cannot divide by zero.")
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logging.info(e)
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except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
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print("\nGoodbye.")
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sys.exit(0)
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except Exception as e:
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logging.exception(e)
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raise

‎Ch8/diaper_antipattern.py‎

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try:
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some_scary_function()
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except:
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print("An error occurred. Moving on!")

‎Ch8/landmarks.py‎

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from cgitb import lookup
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cities = {
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"SEATTLE": "WASHINGTON, USA",
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"PORTLAND": "OREGON, USA",
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"BOSTON": "MASSACHUSETTS, USA",
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}
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landmarks = {
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"SPACE NEEDLE": "SEATTLE",
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"LIBERTY SHIP MEMORIAL": "PORTLAND",
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"ALAMO": "SAN ANTONIO",
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}
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def lookup_landmark(landmark):
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landmark = landmark.upper()
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try:
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city = landmarks[landmark]
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state = cities[city]
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except KeyError as e:
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raise KeyError("Landmark not found.") from e
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print(f"{landmark} is in {city}, {state}")
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lookup_landmark("space needle")
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lookup_landmark("alamo")
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lookup_landmark("golden gate bridge")

‎Ch8/log.txt‎

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INFO:root:could not convert string to float: '+'
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INFO:root:calculator() takes 3 positional arguments but 5 were given
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INFO:root:calculator() missing 1 required positional argument: 'op'
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INFO:root:float division by zero
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INFO:root:No operator @

‎Ch8/no_escape.py‎

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def greet():
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name = input("What's your name? ")
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print(f"Hello, {name}.")
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while True:
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try:
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greet()
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break
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except Exception:
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print("Error caught")

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