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This is a major upgrade from Struts 2.3 to 6.1, which includes multiple significant breaking changes. This is not a drop-in replacement and will require a multi-step migration and substantial code and configuration updates.

Key Breaking Changes:

• Java & Servlet API: Requires Java 8+ (from Java 7 in 2.5) and Servlet API 3.1+ [1, 3, 11].
• Core APIs & Packages: Many classes and constants from com.opensymphony.xwork2 have been moved or replaced by org.apache.struts2 equivalents. The web.xml filter class has also changed [1, 5].
• Tag Libraries: The id attribute is replaced by var in many tags, and the <s:div> tag is removed. JSP and Freemarker templates will need to be updated [4, 5].
• Security & OGNL: Access to static methods via OGNL is now disabled by default, and expression length is limited [1, 3].

Source: Struts Migration Guides
Recommendation: This upgrade cannot be merged directly. A dedicated migration plan is required, following the official guides for moving from 2.3 → 2.5 and then 2.5 → 6.x.

Notice 🤖: This content was augmented using artificial intelligence. AI-generated content may contain errors and should be reviewed for accuracy before use.

This is a massive upgrade from Struts 2.3 (released in 2011 and End-of-Life since 2019) to Struts 6.1, which introduces multiple layers of significant breaking changes. This is a major migration effort that requires significant code and configuration updates.

Key Breaking Changes:

• Environment Upgrade: Requires Java 8+ (from Java 7) and Servlet API 3.1+ (from 2.4).
• Security Hardening (OGNL): Access to static methods from OGNL expressions is now forbidden. Code like @my.Class@myStaticMethod() must be refactored to use action methods.
• Core API & Configuration:
  • Many classes from com.opensymphony.xwork2 have moved to org.apache.struts2 packages, requiring import changes.
  • The struts.xml DTD must be updated to the struts-6.0.dtd.
  • Logging has moved from Log4j to Log4j2, requiring a new configuration.
• Spring Plugin: The struts2-spring-plugin upgrade will require a compatible, modern version of the Spring Framework (Struts 6.1.1 uses Spring 5.3+).

Source: Apache Struts Migration Guide
Recommendation: This upgrade cannot be handled as a simple version bump. It requires a dedicated migration project involving significant code refactoring and thorough testing.

Notice 🤖: This content was augmented using artificial intelligence. AI-generated content may contain errors and should be reviewed for accuracy before use.