Demonstrate and review Java OO principles

classDiagram
    Object <|-- Person
    Person <|-- Student
    Student ..>Printable
    Teacher ..>Printable
    Person<|--Teacher
    class Object{
      +toString()
    }
    class Student{
      -String grade
      +getGrade()
      +setGrade()
    }
    class Person{
      -String name
      +getName()
      +setName()
      +toString()
    }
    class Teacher{
      -String class
      +getClass()
      +setClass()
    }
    class Printable{
      +printMe()
    }
            

classDiagram
    Class Person <|-- Class Student
    Class Person <|-- Class Teacher
    Class Student *-- objectStudentGrade1
    Class Teacher *-- objectStudentClass1

Create a subclass to inherit the properties of a superclass (see Person (superclass) and Student (subclass))

Force your subclasses to implement specifics and prevent usage at the superclass level

In our example the Person class is Abstract meaning we can't create a Person directly. We use the subclass Student to create a Person with additional details

Classes should be as self sufficient as possible. A Person already knows about Name, so no reason to work on that for student. Student already knows about grades, no reason to add that elsewhere

Because of our implements relationships, we can use common terms to work on these objects. In our case, both Student and Teacher implement the "Printable" interface and can each define their own printMe() method. When I call printMe (using the same method call on objects of differnt classes), I can get different results.

Simple explaination of these concepts: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/object-oriented-programming-concepts-21bb035f7260

Java based Carnegie Mellon lecture on these topics: https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tcortina/15-121sp10/Unit04A.pdf

Literally "The Book" on this: https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612