This project is a solar-powered IoT weather station built using an ESP32 microcontroller.
It collects real environmental data from multiple sensors, stores it in a database, and visualizes it through a modern web-based dashboard.

The system is a complete end-to-end IoT solution, covering hardware, firmware, backend, database, and frontend.

The weather station is installed outdoors and powered entirely by a solar panel, making it fully autonomous and independent from grid power.

Mounted components:

• Solar panel (50W)
• Wind speed sensor (anemometer) (dynamo)
• BME280 (temperature, humidity and pressure sensor in IP68 case)
• Soil moisture sensor
• GUVA-S12SD (UV sensor)
• DFRobot Rainfall Gauge (Gravity:SEN0575)

• 🌡️ Temperature, Humidity, Pressure measurement (BME280)
• 🌧️ Rainfall measurement (DFRobot Rainfall Sensor)
• ☀️ UV Index measurement (GUVA-S12SD)
• 💨 Wind speed measurement (analog wind sensor)
• 🌱 Soil moisture measurement
• 🕒 Real-Time Clock (RTC) via NTP (SIM module)
• 📊 Sensor data collected every minute
• 📡 Hourly HTTP POST data upload
• 💤 SIM module sleep mode for power saving

The internal electronics are placed in sealed enclosures and include:

• Solar charge controller
• 12V rechargeable battery
• ESP32 microcontroller
• Voltage regulation and wiring

The system is designed for continuous, long-term operation.

The weather station measures and stores the following data:

• Temperature (°C)
• Humidity (%)
• Air pressure (hPa)
• Rainfall (mm per hour)
• UV Index (0–11)
• Wind speed (km/h)
• Soil moisture (%)

All measurements are timestamped and permanently stored.

• Update internal clock
• Read wind speed and store measurements

• Read all sensors
• Calculate maximum wind speed for the last minute
• Generate a JSON object
• Store data in an hourly buffer

• Combine all minute-level JSON objects into a JSON array
• Send data to the server via HTTP POST
• Reset rainfall counter
• Re-sync time using NTP
• Put SIM module into sleep mode

[Sensors]
↓
[ESP32]
↓ HTTP POST (JSON)
[ASP.NET Core Backend]
↓
[SQLite Database]
↓
[Web Dashboard]

The main dashboard shows the latest received weather data using a card-based layout:

• Large, readable values
• Clear icons
• Visual UV index indicator
• Navigation to detailed charts

Each sensor has its own interactive daily chart:

• Date selection
• Smooth animations
• Dark theme for readability

Charts are implemented using Chart.js.

All collected data can be viewed in a table with:

• Pagination
• Sorting
• Full historical dataset
• CSV export functionality

• ASP.NET Core
• Entity Framework Core
• SQLite
• REST API
• JSON communication

public class WeatherData
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Date { get; set; }
    public string Time { get; set; }
    public float Temperature { get; set; }
    public float Humidity { get; set; }
    public float Pressure { get; set; }
    public float RainfallLastHour { get; set; }
    public int uvIndex { get; set; }
    public float WindSpeed { get; set; }
    public int SoilMoisture { get; set; }
}

Method	Endpoint	                                Description
POST	/WeatherReport/ReceiveData	                Receives sensor data from ESP32
GET	    /WeatherReport/GetAllReceivedData	        Returns all stored data
GET    	/WeatherReport/GetTemperatureData	        Temperature data
GET	    /WeatherReport/GetHumidityData	            Humidity data
GET    	/WeatherReport/GetPressureData	            Pressure data
GET	    /WeatherReport/GetRainfallData	            Rainfall data
GET    	/WeatherReport/GetUVIntensityData	        UV index data
GET    	/WeatherReport/GetWindSpeedData	            Wind speed data
GET    	/WeatherReport/GetSoilMoistureData	        Soil moisture data

The ESP32 firmware:

Reads all connected sensors

Packages measurements into a JSON array

Sends data to the backend using HTTP POST

Supports stable, long-term autonomous operation

Example payload:

[
  {
    "Date": "2025-01-07",
    "Time": "13:00:00",
    "Temperature": 5.41,
    "Humidity": 80.33,
    "Pressure": 997.06,
    "RainfallLastHour": 0,
    "uvIndex": 0,
    "WindSpeed": 0,
    "SoilMoisture": 45
  }
]

Dark theme

Bootstrap layout

Font Awesome icons

Fully responsive design

Optimized for desktop and mobile use

Solar powered

Fully autonomous operation

Real sensor data

Persistent database storage

Interactive charts

CSV export

Modular backend architecture

Easily expandable system

Alerts and notifications

Cloud deployment

Multiple weather station support

MQTT communication

Weather prediction algorithms