chore(deps): update actions/checkout action to v4

chore(deps): update actions/checkout action to v4

fix: authenticate curl GET requests to GitHub with token input

fix: print response output in case of curl failure

fix: add a retry mechanism on latest version retrieval

Action could fail if the GitHub API was temporarily unavailable, this new patch
will make it to try again for approximately 2 minutes and output an appropriate
error message in case of a definitive failure.

Initial commit